
Class PA^ -Qg, 



ERRATA. 



BOOK VERSE 

II. 463, for clamour read clangour 

IV. 208, for Great was the grief and alarm read Great were the grief and 

alarm 

V. 362, for strike out at Father Zeus read strike at our Father Zeus 

V. 464, for Son read Sons 

V. 572, for withdrew read and withdrew 

VI. 26, for There fair twins read These fair twins 

VIII. 1, for Dawn in his saffron mantle read Dawn in her saffron mantle 

VIII. 250, for the feet of the altar read the foot of the altar 

VIII. 495, for to the shaft it was read to the shaft was it 

IX. 18, for hearty read heavy 

IX. 227, for lacks read lack 

XI. 178, for even read ever 

XIII. 201, for then rm^thus 

XIII. 370, read striding along in defiant guise : but &c. 

XIII. 467, for mighty read the Cretan Prince 

XIV. 57, for our read an 

XVI. 470, read Started asunder. Crashed their yoke, &c. 

XVII. 66, for Shouting and barking read Barking and shouting 

XVII. 709, for war read woe 

XVIII. 265, for our own town read our town 
XIX. 7 1, for Harldly read Hardly 
XIX. 344, for stems read sterns 

XXI. 254, for in read on 

XXI. 351, for fames read flames 



? 



THE IUAD 

BOOK I. 



BOOK THE FIRST. 



Argument. 



Apollo at the prayer of his priest Chryses, whose daughter Aga- 
memnon refuses to release, sends a pestile?ice on the Greek army. At the 
instance of Achilles a council is called, in which Agame?nnon agrees to 
resign his captive, but declares his intention Jo seize Briseis the captive 
of Achilles as an equivalejit. A violent quarrel ensues between the Kings. 
Achilles resigns his captive but withdraws his support from the cause of 
the Greeks. Briseis is restored to her father, a?id sacrifce being made, 
Apollo is appeased. Thetis the mother of Achilles, moved by his prayers, 
petitio7is Zeus to avenge on the Greeks the insult thus offered to her son. 
He consents. Hera remonstrating, receives a rebuke in presence of the 
assembled Gods. Hephaestus consoles her. 



6 



s 



THE 



ILIAD OF HOMER 

TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH ACCENTUATED 
HEXAMETERS, 



BY 



SIR JOHN F. W. HERSCHEL, Bart. K.H. 

M.A. ; D.C.L. ; F.R.S. L. AND E. ; HON. M.R.I. A. ; F.R.A.S. ; F.G.S. ; M.C.U.P.S. 

MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE; 

AND 

CORRESPONDENT, ASSOCIATE, HONORARY OR ORDINARY MEMBER 

OF VARIOUS OTHER 

ACADEMIES AND INSTITUTIONS. 




ati ry oi ^ 0n 



1867 



% 

Honfcon anfci (JDambrfoge : .;_ 
MACMILLAN AND CO. 

1866. 



of Was\ 



\*<g-° 




<# 



GTambrftge : 



PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M. A. 

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 



PREFACE. 



THE question whether the Latin and Greek metres, and 
particularly the hexameter and pentameter, will ever be so 
fully naturalized among us, as to take their places beside our 
only other received form ofunrhymed metre — the blank verse — 
has been a good deal debated within these few past years. 
If it were one to be decided by argument, I think that while, 
on the one hand, the objections urged against their acceptance, 
admit of an easy and complete reply ; on the other, the 
reasons adducible in their favour are capable of being stated 
with more force and fulness than has yet been done. A few 
words prefatory to one more attempt to show that readable 
English hexameters can be written, and are not ill adapted to 
the expression of the highest order of poetry, will therefore, 
perhaps, not be ill bestowed on an endeavour to place this 
controversy on its right grounds. 

It is contended, in the first place, by the opponents of this 
addition to the rhythmical resources of our language, that verses 
of this kind have been written in abundance ; that they are, 
for the most part, utterly uncouth and barbarous ; that, when 
read as ordinary English verse would be read, they convey 
hardly any impression of being intended for verse ; and that, 
to give them the rhythm and cadence of the classical metres 
they profess to represent, it is necessary, in reading them, to 
violate every usage of English pronunciation and accent. 
That verses open to such objections have been written in 
abundance, is a melancholy truth, and one which has gone 
far to prejudice the public ear against them. But it is not in 



VI 



PREFACE. 



favour of bad verse, of this or any other kind, that we con- 
tend. While such, no doubt, exists, it is equally true that 
many and signal examples also exist, capable of satisfying 
the most fastidious classical reader ; apart from that one great, 
and as some consider it, insuperable stumbling-block, QUANTI- 
TATIVE Prosody. 

The prosodiacal objection to these metres rests on the 
alleged absurdity of "composing verses in a language regu- 
lated by accent, in a metre invented by those who regulated 
it by prosody/' Now, if it were true that our reading of the 
classic metres in their own languages were really guided by 
prosody in that sense which this di6lum would intimate, 
there would be force in this argument. If, for instance, the 
accent with which the verses of Virgil and Horace are read by 
an educated Englishman, uniformly, or in a great majority 
of cases, fell on syllables long by prosody, and avoided short 
ones; we could then understand that, English metre having 
little or no prosody, and being guided entirely by accent, we 
should be driven to create a prosody, if we would naturalize 
such metres; and should thus lapse into the deplorable blunder 
of the Elizabethan attempts, which cannot be read as verse 
without exciting shouts of laughter. But this, in fact, is the 
very reverse of the truth. Let any one open his Virgil, and 
in the first Eclogue he will find the quantity contradicted by 
the accent four times in the first three lines: in the first 
^Eneid twice in the first two; and so on perpetually: while, if 
he wilfully accentuate long syllables and glide over short ones, 
he will scarcely be able to read Latin* verse at all. There 



* With the Greek, and especially that of Homer, the case is so far different, that 
there is no such marked and general discordance between accent and quantity in 
our mode of reading it, as in Latin: though instances enough of it occur to bear out 
our proposition, as to accent, and not quantity, being our guide in reading the classic 
metres. How many school-boys know the rules of Greek prosody ? 



PREFACE. vii 



cannot be a better exemplification of this than the way in 
which we all learn at school to read Sapphics. Our system 
of accentuation is quite contradictory to the prosodiacal 
quantity; and in proof that such is our system we need only 
appeal to Canning's caricature of it in the "Knife-grinder." 
The same remark applies to our habitual accentuation of the 
last penthemimer of the pentameter, which the Latins usually 
terminate with a dissyllable, on the first syllable of which 
(though a short one) the accent, as we read it, is laid. Neither 
the English nor the German pentameter tolerates this usage. 

Again, the English scholar who visits Greece, and hears the 
Iliad read by educated and accomplished modern Greeks, is, 
we are told, quite at a loss to recognize either the quantity 
of the syllables, or the accentuation which, to our asso- 
ciations, makes it verse rather than prose run mad. Are 
we then to say that, to the modern Greek, the Iliad is not 
metre ? Or shall we believe that the rebellious choruses 
of jEschylus, which defy all scholarship to make us accept 
them as anything but just such prose, conveyed no sense 
of rhythm to that poet's contemporaries ? 

I am far from contending that quantitative prosody in 
the classical languages adds no richness or beauty to verse. 
The perception of quantity where it exists does assuredly un- 
derlie and mingle with that of accent and cadence ; much as in 
music the harmony underlies and adds to the enjoyment of 
the melody, even to those ears which cannot clearly distinguish 
and follow the lower notes in presence of the higher. And if 
this be (as I believe it to be) something more than a mere 
fanciful analogy, those cases in which the accent occasionally 
contradicts the prosody would come to be assimilated to 
passages in music in which discords are followed by their 
resolutions, or in which the melody and its accompaniment 
proceed by " contrary motion," to the great enhancement, if 
well managed, of the joint effect. 



02 



viii PREFACE. 



To reject, then, a metre which we acknowledge to be in 
itself pleasing and harmonious in its cadence, and which has 
many other excellent qualities, merely because we cannot sub- 
je6t it, in its construction, to a set of rules which our language 
does not acknowledge, and by which no other of our metres is 
bound, is wilfully to deprive ourselves of a source of pleasure, 
power, and variety: and is much as if a flute-player were to 
abstain from playing the best airs of Haydn or Mozart, because 
they were originally written for the pianoforte, or with a full 
orchestral accompaniment. 

If we deny ourselves the use of the hexameter for the trans- 
lation of Homer, we have nothing to fall back upon but the 
decasyllable Iambic of Milton and Pope, varied only by the 
Alexandrine, as in the Spenserian stanza; or on the same 
metre augmented by a supernumerary syllable, constituting 
the hendecasyllabic measure of Dr Alford ; a great objection 
to which is its extreme tendency to fall into the Sapphic 
cadence 1 . Against both these metres (in their purity) the true 
objection however is, that they are Iambic, (i.e. epigrammatic), 
in their sharp, ringing, accentuated close ; and as such, better 
fitted for satirical writing (for which they were invented by 
Archilochus, as Horace informs us 2 ), or for the terse, thoughtful, 
pointed utterances of a matured literature ; while the hex- 
ameter, whose essential character is impulsive, starting with a 
strong emphasis (" rising," as Coleridge has beautifully ex- 
pressed it, "like the fountain's silvery column"), exhibits the 
full impress and youthful vigour of a nascent one. 



1 Take, for instance, the following, which every reader will at once admit to be 
very excellent specimens of the English accentuated Sapphic : 

"Next, a huge stone he placed against the door-way, 
Fearful in size. Not two-and-twenty waggons 
Four-wheel'd and staunch, could stir it from the ground-sill." 
3 Archilochum proprio rabies armavit Iambo. 



PREFACE. ix 

On the ground that the Homeric poems are in reality 
gigantic ballads, the metre of the Lady of the Lake and 
Marmion has been recommended for their Translation. 
Let us try a few lines. 



ILIAD. CANTO I. 

|9 e (fiuattrt of p* Sfngg. 

i. 

Achilles' wrath, to Greece the spring 
Of myriad woes, O Goddess ! sing : 
Which hurled to Hades' gloomy reign 
The souls of valiant chieftains slain ; 
And gave their bodies on the shore 
For dogs and vultures to devour, 

Fulfilling Jove's behest : 
Since then when in contention rude 
Great Atreus' son in angry mood, 
Opposed to fierce Achilles stood, 

The noblest Greek and best. 

&c. &c. &c 

No! No ! This will never do. The hurdy-gurdy is too slender 
and feeble to echo the grand diapason roll of Homeric song. 

Another eminently advantageous feature of the hexameter 
verse is the variety it admits in its structure; rendering it, of 
all the metres in which a long poem can be written or trans- 
lated, the least monotonous. By those indeed who lay it down 
as a first principle, that the English hexameter must gallop {i. e. 
must be entirely dactylic with the exception of the terminal 
spondee) this advantage is deliberately sacrificed, and ex- 



x PREFACE. 

changed for a monotony the heaviest and most wearisome of 
which human composition is capable — the monotony of forced, 
unceasing, laborious activity. In this respe<5t, a translator of 
Homer cannot do better than follow the example of the great 
Original, whose lines exhibit the utmost variety of structure* 
Taking advantage of this liberty, and with the occasional in- 
troduction of lines in which the caesura is deferred, or altogether 
dispensed with, the hexameter will be found to afford an 
amount of variety such as none of the English metres in use 
possesses. 

As regards the other conditions, apart from the choice of a 
metre to be observed in translating the Iliad, I cannot help 
thinking that the present tendency of opinion is to lay upon 
the shoulders of a translator a burden too heavy to be borne. 
It may, indeed, be possible to render, in something like verse, 
line for line, word for word, construction for construction ; to 
give all the Gods and Heroes their Greek names, and to affix 
in every instance where it occurs the exact Homeric con- 
ventional epithet, duly rendered according to its literal mean- 
ing. This — it is conceivable — might be accomplished : and, 
when done, the result would probably read almost as much 
like a metrical production as the Propria quce maribus, or As 
in prcesenti, and would have about the same chance of finding 
a single reader out of school ; where, no doubt, it would be 
exceedingly popular. Between such a rendering and the 
magnificent adumbration of Pope (for whatever may be said 
against it, and with all its faults, which are not a few, I for one 
regard Pope's Iliad, taken per se, as one of the most mag- 
nificent, if not the most magnificent poem extant) a line must 
be drawn somewhere or other; and it is readily admitted 
must lie much nearer the former than the latter of the two 



* In the first dozen lines of the Iliad occur no less than nine out of the sixteen 
different arrangements which the four first feet admit. 



PREFACE. xi 



extremes. A translation line for line (with some small rea- 
sonable margin for mutual encroachment and recess) — which 
shall render the full sense of the original in every material 
particular, and introduce as little in the nature of amplifi- 
cation as the difference between our monosyllabic English 
and Homer's polyphloisboian Greek occasionally necessi- 
tates (under the paramount obligation of producing unforced, 
fluent, and readable verse, in grammatical English) — this 
does not appear a task too hard for mortal man. If however 
to these conditions be superadded that of retaining through- 
out the conventional Homeric epithets, rendered by any- 
thing like their equivalents, I believe it to be impracticable in 
our language without a grievous sacrifice of those essential 
qualities which render the perusal of a poem a pleasure, not a 
task ; and its production something more inviting than a 
perpetual tour de force or a school exercise. 

In the German language the case is otherwise ; and it 
has been accomplished with what every German reader will 
allow to be very remarkable success by Voss : whose version 
is considered by his countrymen nowise ungraceful. But the 
German language is that of all others which affords the 
greatest facilities for such a rendering — a language in which 
substantives, verbs, or adjectives cohere by mere juxtaposition, 
and weld themselves into compound words even more readily 
than in the Greek.* Owing to this, and many other apti- 
tudes which our tongue does not possess, it has been found 
practicable to produce in German, what may be regarded as 
fac similes of the Iliad and Odyssee, in which every individual 
line, with every nicety of the meaning, and for the most part 

* Take such instances as Hveithinschattendes' for do\txo<TKLov ; 'hellumschirmten' 
for evKvrjfiLdes; Sveitaufrauschend' for ir6\v<p\oicr(3o$ ; Schlachtreihnbrecher' for 
t>Tfer\vwp; 'nahrangssprossender' for TrovXv^oreLpijs ; 'erzumschirmter' for %a\/co/co- 
pv<TT7)s; 'schwerhinwandelnde' for eiXnroSas; 'blechlospanzrig' for a/urpoxiraj?/ ; 
'fischwimmelnd' for lx^ l0£is \ 'wagenbefiugelten' for epvaapfiares. 



xii PREFACE. 



hardly any transposition in the order of the words, is rendered 
with a precision little short of miraculous* and which must for 
ever leave far behind it every other possible attempt of the 
kind. It is the fidelity with which an excellent photograph re- 
produces on paper a magnificent piece of architecture, in all 
its proportions and with every the most minute detail, while 
yet possessing (with perhaps some degree of unpleasing hard- 
ness) the air of a picture. For, after all, such is the im- 
pression which Voss's version produces. The simplicity of 
Homer's diction, when studiously reproduced in language fa- 
miliar to our ears, is apt to pass (with reverence be it spoken) 
into homeliness, and even baldness of expression (of which 
any one may convince himself by reference to a literal 
prose translation of even the finest passages), but which is not 
felt as such when reading the original. 

The version of the Iliad here presented to the reader was 
commenced in October 1861, on the occasion of reading an 
article in the Times of the 28th of that month on Translations, 
while in ignorance that any entire book of Homer had ever 
before been placed before the English public in its original 
metre. Though a careful interpretation of the Greek, it does 
not profess to be a minutely close, much less a strictly literal 
translation : while on the other hand it eschews altogether any 
attempt to clothe the simple and rude majesty of the great 
original in such amplitude of decorated wording as to conceal 
its outlines. 

In the detail, of the execution of his task, the translator has 
retained the Homeric epithets as stick only when really expres- 
sive of some fitting accessory to the subject-matter, or when 
their introduction could be effected flowingly, without con- 
straint or awkwardness. In many cases, without direct verbal 
translation, their sense may be naturally interwoven among 

* Compare, for instance, Voss's rendering of xvi. vv. (250 — 257) with the 
original. 



PREFACE. 



the context. There is no denying that the continual recur- 
rence of these epithets, in season and out of season, in Homer, 
has a very oppressive effe£t on the modern ear. To be told 
occasionally, or incidentally, that Achilles was swift of foot ; 
that the Greeks wore brazen armour and good boots ; that 
their ships were hollow and black, and their spears long- 
shadowed ; that they had rolling eyes, and Juno large ones 
and white arms ; may not be amiss as characteristic touches 
thrown in to individualize our conceptions of those personages. 
But to be systematically reminded of these particulars almost 
whenever the persons or things so characterized are mentioned, 
is assuredly more in the nature of a blemish than a beauty ; 
and one which no translator desirous of doing justice to his 
original ought, in the present state of literature, to aim at 
reproducing. 

Neither has he considered it necessary to be scrupulous on 
every occasion in presenting the Greek names of the divinities. 
It is generally done, but in so long a poem cases will occur 
when the flow of the metre is greatly facilitated by the sub- 
stitution of the more familiar Latin equivalent, and in such 
he has preferred avoiding an awkwardness of versification to a 
rigorous adherence to a rule purely arbitrary and self-imposed. 
Something more requires to be said in respect of the accentu- 
ation of the proper names. These have in innumerable cases 
acquired by English usage an accent unconformable with their 
prosodiacal quantity in the Greek. Thus it would be absurd 
to insist on accentuating such names as Id5meneus, Tlepdlemus, 
Orsilochus, Astyoche, Thamyris, Ocalea, Clonius, Helice, &c, 
otherwise than as here marked, though in each the accented 
syllable is short by quantity in the Greek ; and so in innumera- 
ble other cases. In rendering the catalogue of the ships and 
troops, accentuation according to the prosodiacal quantities 
would be simply ludicrous. 

The monosyllabic character of our language (according to 



xiv PREFACE. 



what has already been observed) affords in most cases abundant 
elbow room, in so ample a metre as the hexameter, for the full 
expression in each line of the sense of its Greek original. 
Occasionally, indeed, the hexametric mantle will be found to 
sit too loosely, and to require a little expansion on the part of 
the wearer to fill it out properly. Homer too is intensely 
tautological, saying the same thing over and over again in the 
same sentence ; in which cases it is often impossible so to vary 
the phrase as not to introduce some new idea*. To do this 
gracefully and in keeping with the context is the most difficult 
part of a translator's task. But whether gracefully or not, 
good faith both to the original and the reader requires that 
expletory words or phrases should be distinguished by some 
typographical difference. This is accordingly done by the use 
of italics in our translation, and (so far as is practicable) the 
words so italicized are such that, if omitted, what remains shall 
still be readable as connected English. This, of course, can- 
not always be done. 

One word more as to the versification. The Hexameter 
metre is on its trial in this country. It is therefore entitled 
at all events to a fair hearing. It may at least claim to be 
read as any other of our received metres is read ; with no 
deliberate intention to caricature it, or to spoil it in the read- 
ing : without sing-song or affectation, and according to the 
ordinary usages of English pronunciation. So tried, if it fail to 
please and to make its way, it stands condemned. But in the 
perusal of so long a poem it must be borne in mind, in com- 
mon candour, that all our ordinary forms of verse have a cer- 



* We do not here allude to the repetition in different parts of the poem of whole 
speeches or connected series of lines, but to such cases as those in II. w. 528, 57.9, 
where speaking of Aias Oileus the poet says, "He was less, and not so great as 
Telamonian Aias, nor so mighty, but much less. Moreover he was little" — or in 
the description of the snow-storm in xn. 278, 281, "when the snow-flakes fall, 
and Zeus prepares to snow, and he lulls the winds, and it snows." 



PREFACE. 



tain elasticity, — admit a certain latitude of accommodation 
between the accent proper to the verse — its dead form — and 
that which constitutes its living spirit and interprets its melody 
to the hearer. Nothing is more common, for instance, than to 
find our ordinary Heroic or blank verse, which, theoretically, 
ought to consist wholly of iambic feet, commencing with a 
practical trochee, or including one in some part of its structure, 
as in Milton for example, 

In the beginning how the Heav'ns and Earth 
Rose out of Chaos : 
or, 

while it pursues 
77iings f#zattempted yet in prose or rhyme : 
or again, 

to transgress his will 
For one restraint, lords of the world beside. 

No one regards these occasional deviations as blemishes, or 
declares such verses unreadable, if their occurrence be not so 
frequent as to draw attention and disturb our sense of rhythm. 
Nor, in a similar spirit, will the occasional commencement of a 
Hexameter with a non-emphatic syllable, or the occurrence in 
the course of the line of a weak syllable where a strong one 
would naturally fall, or vice versa, be held an unpardonable 
sin against rhythm by any one who remembers how frequently 
the corresponding offence is committed by our most classic 
poets in commencing the line with a feeble, but slightly 
emphasized particle.* Dabitur Ucentia sumfita pudenter. 
Neither will any one, reading this our attempt in a similar 

* As in such instances as these, which occur in the first page of the Paradise 
Lost: 

That to the height of this great argument, 
or, 

Nor the deep tract of Hell, &c. 
In the Comus, the most faultless existing specimen of English versification, 
examples of this and the former species of Irregularity occur in one out of every 
eight of the nine hundred lines of which the dialogue consists, 



XVI 



PREFACE. 



liberal spirit, be disposed to cavil at the non-elision of the e in 
the terminal syllable of past tenses and particles ; or persist in 
reading such words as resolved, destroyed, &c, as tris-syllables, 
contrary to the common usage of English pronunciation in 
reading our ordinary prose*. Objections indeed on such 
grounds appear singularly ill-timed in these days when we 
consider the excessive metrical laxity of our present most ap- 
plauded versification, which will produce deplorable confusion : 
since no two readers will soon be able to agree how the verses 
of some of our highly popular poets are to be read as verse. 

It was the translator's wish and intention to have associated 
his work, through the medium of a dedication, with the name 
of one, endeared by the remembrance of long and uninter- 
rupted friendship — the late lamented Master of Trinity Col- 
lege, Cambridge. The melancholy event which cut short so 
noble a career, and robbed the Science and Literature of his 
country of so bright an ornament, has deprived him of that 
gratification. It is only the more incumbent therefore to ac- 
knowledge here the benefits derived from his sound and valu- 
able criticism during the whole progress of the work down to 
its final completion : resulting in the correction of innumerable 
blemishes in the versification, and no small number of misren- 
derings of particular and delicate turns of expression in the 
Greek, which his perfect knowledge of that language enabled 
him to point out. That it was ever completed at all indeed 
has been mainly owing to his encouragement and advice, such 
not having been the intention with which it was commenced. 
To his esteemed friend Sir Henry Holland too, to whom some 
portion of the work has been submitted, the translator has to 
acknowledge obligations of a similar kind. 



* In the comparatively few instances in which the termination of such words is 
intended to be read as a distinct syllable, it is marked with an accent thus \ as in 

in. v. 271, sharp-edged. 



ILIAD. BOOK I. 



OING, celestial Muse! the destroying wrath of Achilles, 

^ Peleus' son: which myriad mischiefs heaped on the Grecians, 

Many a valiant hero's soul dismissing to Hades; 

Flinging their corses abroad for a prey to dogs and to vultures, 

And to each bird of the air. Thus Jove's high will was accomplished. 

Ev'n from that fateful hour when opposed in angry contention 

Stood forth Atreides, King of men, and godlike Achilles. 

Say, then! which of the Gods involved these two in their conflict? 
Jove's and Leto's Son! For he, with the leader offended 
Sent on his army a plague, and his people were perishing round him : 
For that Atreides his sacred Priest had rudely dishonoured; (n) 
Chryses, who suppliant came to the swift-sailing ships of the Grecians 
Eager to rescue his daughter, and proffring unlimited ransom. 
Wreaths in his hands he bore of the bright far-darting Apollo 
Circling a sceptre of gold. Then thus besought he the Grecians 
All; but th' Atreidae first, the two great arrayers of nations: *. '• 

"O ye Atreidse! and you, ye bright-armed Greeks, to your valour 
May the great Gods, who dwell in the lofty Olympian mansions 
Grant the destruction of Troy, and a safe return to your country ! 
Only restore me my darling child, and accept what I offer, (20) 
Ever revering the Son of Zeus, far-darting Apollo." 

Then loud shouted the Greeks in assent: "Let her go! Let Apollo 
Glorified be in his priest ! Take, take the magnificent ransom ! " 
But Agamemnon, Atreus' son, disdained his petition. 
Roughly he drove him forth, and sternly rebuked him at parting. 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book I. 



"Hence! Let me catch thee no more, old man, in our camp 
either ling'ring 
Here round our hollow-keeled ships, or returning again on thine errant/. 
Scarce should Apollo then, or his wreath, or sceptre, avail thee. 
No I Set her free be thou sure I will not ! till age overtake her 
There in our palace at home, in Argos; far from her country, (30) 
Weaving the web, and performing th' accustomed rites of my chamber. 
Hence! I say. — Anger me not! — Thy retreat may so be the safer." 

Thus spake the King: and the old man feared and shrank from 
the mandate. 
Silent he crept by the loud-roaring sea, till far from the vessels 
Then to Apollo supreme, the offspring of fair-haired Latona, 
Thus in his anguish he prayed, with earnest ana 7 long supplication: — 

"Hear me! Thou of the silver bow! — Thou guardian of Chrysa! 
Thou who encompassest Cilia the sacred ! Thou whose dominion 
Tenedos trembling owns ! — O Smintheus ! Hear me. — If ever 
Decking thy temple with festive crowns I have burned on thine altar 
Thigh *of the bull or fat of the goat — oh ! grant my petition : (41) 

Let thine arrows requite to the Greeks these tears I am shedding." 

Thus, loud sobbing, he prayed; and his prayer reached Phoebus Apollo. 
Down from the lofty crest of Olympus he plunged on the instant, 
Ire in his heart. On his shoulders his bow was slung, and his quiver 
Gorgeously wrought, and the shafts clashed loud as he moved in his anger. 
Down he swept, like the presence of night, and approaching alighted 
Somewhat apart from the ships, and among them sent forth an arrow. 
Dire was the twang of the silver bow \ Then spread the contagion 
First among mules, and the lazy dogs that prowled round the vessels. (50) 
Next came a piercing shaft which, winged with bitterer vengeance 
Flew through the ranks ; and the funeral pyres blazed fast and unceasing. 
Nine days thus did the God deal forth his darts on the army : 
But on the tenth, convened by Achilles, the people assembled. 
Such was the course, to his mind which the white-armed Hera suggested, 
Grieved as she was to behold her Greeks thus helplessly dying. 

When the assembly was formed, and all were collected in council, 
Rising before them, thus spoke forth swift-footed Achilles: 
"Surely methinks, O Atreides! the time is come for retreating 



Book 1.1 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



Baffled, back to our homes; too happy with life but escaping, (60) 
Should the sword haply spare what the plague may leave of the Grecians. 
Let us however consult some Priest or Prophet, or Dreamer : 
(For in the visions of night Zeus oft discloseth his counsels) 
Such may reveal why Phoebus Apollo's wrath is excited: 
Whether by broken vows, or by hecatombs due but jieglecled: 
So that perchance by the savour of lambs and kidlings unblemished 
Soothed a?id appeased, he may stay this plague and cease from his auger" 

Thus having said he resumed his seat. Then arose from among them 
Calchas, Thestor's son, far-famed as the wisest of augurs, 
One to whose mind inspired, the past, the present, the future (70) 
All were alike revealed: that Seer, whose sage divination 
(Phoebus Apollo's gift) had guided the ships of the Grecians 
Safely to Ilion's shore. And thus, complying, he answered: 

" Dost thou command me Achilles, beloved of Zeus, to inform thee 
Wherefore Apollo the bright far-darting King is offended? 
Then must I speak. But swear to me first, and pledge hie thine honour 
Promptly with word and deed to support me, whatever may happen. 
Well do I deem, my report will enrage that Prince whose dominion 
Glorious o'er Argos extends, whose sway the Achaians acknowledge. 
Dire is the wrath of a King when unequally matched with a subject (80) 
What though he seem to digest the affront? Yet the pride of 'the Monarch 
Inwardly broods o'er revenge, and long, long after, will wreak it. 
W T eigh then the risk. Wilt thou hold me unharmed, such danger incurring f 

Then making answer in turn, thus spake swift-footed Achilles : 

"Boldly declare what thou knowest. Whate'er thine oracle, say it! 
For by Apollo, beloved of Zeus, by the God at whose altars 
Bending in prayer, thou Calchas ! receivst Heav'n's dread revelations, 
None, while I live and view with these eyes the conduct of mortals, 
No ! not one of the Greeks, shall lay but a finger upon thee (89) 
Here in our hollow-keeled-ships : ev'n shouldst thou name Agamemnon, 
Noblest and mightiest of all in "our host though he vaunt his position." 

Thus reassured, the blameless seer took courage and answered : 
" 'Tis for no broken vow, no hecatomb due but neglecled; 
But for his outraged Priest, by Atreides rudely insulted 
Heeding nor ransom nor prayer, his daughter detaining in bondage : 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book I. 



For this cause the far-darting God hath sent and will send us 
Woes upon woes: and heavy his hand shall weigh on the Grecians 
Till, without ransom or price, the bright-eyed maid be conducted 
Back to her father in Chrysa. Perchance, then, a hecatomb offered 
To the offended Pow'r may disarm his wrath and preserve us." (ioo) 

Thus having said he sate. Then in haste uprose Agamemnon 
Atreus' heroic son, wide ruling o'er many a nation. 
Furious he rose. In his gloomy soul o'ermastering passion 
Struggled for vent, and a torchlike fire blazed forth from his eyeballs. 
Bending on Calchas a withering scowl, at once he addressed him. 

" Prophet of evil ! to me thy bodings have ever been hateful. 
Still doth thy cankered heart delight in th' announcement of mischief. 
Ne'er from thy lips good words, — from thy hands good works have 

proceeded: 
And now, true to thy mission of ill, the Greeks thou haranguest, 
Stirring them up to believe that Apollo for me hath chastised them, (no) 
Mine, forsooth I is the crime, who the virgin daughter of Chryses 
Lawfully kept, and her ransom refused: much longing to carry 
Back to my native home, so fair, so graceful a maiden, 
Whom Clytsemnestra herself, when I led her a bride to the altar, 
Hardly in person, in temper, in mind, or accomplishments equalled. 
But, if it must be so, then Id her depart, I resign her. 
Ne'er be it said that for pleasure of mine the people should perish. 
Only forthwith prepare me a prize : that alone of the Argives 
Unrewarded I go not: for that indeed were unseemly. 
All of you bear me witness! My just reward I relinquish." (120) 

Godlike Achilles, swift in the race, then rose up in answer. 
"Ill, O Atreides! beseems such rank with such avarice blended! 
How can our generous Greeks be taxed, a new prize to assign thee? 
Public store have we none where treasure is laid up in common. 
Soon as a town is sacked, the spoil on the spot is divided, 
Nor were it just to reclaim from the troops what once is allotted ; 
Yield her then, frankly, at once to the God, and the Greeks will 

compensate 
Threefold and four thy loss, when the word of Zeus is accomplished, 
And the embattled towers of Troy lie smoking in ruin." 



Book I.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



Fierce in his royal pride this answer returned Agamemnon. (130) 
"Not so, brave as thou art, and of Godlike presence, Achilles! 
Xot so deceive thyself, nor think to beguile or persuade me. 
Think'st thou unquestioned thy prize to retain? that tamely contented 
I shall my own resign? — resign her too. at thy orders ? 
Xo ! let the generous Greeks with fitting and duteous selection 
Grant an equivalent prize, as a fair and just compensation ; 
All shall be well. If not, I shall seize on the prize of another: 
Thine perchance, or the spoil of Aias or mighty Odysseus. 
Rage he may upon whom I shall come. I reck not his anger. 
This when the time shall better allow. Now proceed we to action. (140) 
First let a sable vessel be launched on the wide-rolliog ocean 
Manned with the needful rowers. A hecatomb duly provided 
Place in her hold, and let fair Chryseis herself be conducted 
Safely on board. To some chief of renown the command be entrusted, 
Aias or Creta's King, or the wisdom divine of Odysseus, 
Aye, or thyself, Peleides! most dreadful of men: that the anger 
Of the far-darting God may be soothed by our prayers and our offerings." 

Scornfully frowning upon him at once swift-footed Achilles 
Answered him thus. "O wrapped up in insolence! blinded by lucre! 
Which of the Greeks henceforth will cheerfully arm at thy bidding, (150) 
Toil in the wearisome march, or rush with delight to the combat ? 
Moved by no personal hate 'gainst Troy and her warlike defenders 
Came I hither to fight; for nought have they done to offend me. 
Cattle, nor steed, of mine have they seized; nor in hostile invasion 
Swept over Phthia's realm, nor wasted her bounteous harvests. 
Far, far parted we lie, with the roaring ocean between us, 
And the o'ershadowing crests of many a mountainous barrier. 
In thy quarrel, O lost to all shame ! are we come ; for thy pleasure 
Insolent ! seeking redress from the Trojans for thee and thy brother, 
Thankless, and reckless of all we have done, of all we have suffered. 
Now, for a crowning affront, to seize my prize thou hast threatened (161) 
Bravely and hardly won, and conferred by the Sons of Achaia ! 
Equal to thine no spoil hath ever to me been awarded 
When to the Grecian arms some populous city has yielded. 
Foremost ever in fight, and sustaining the brunt of the battle 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book I. 



Sword in hand am I found ; — but so sure as the spoil is divided 
Thine is the choice of the prey ; while, some pleasing trifle accepting, 
Weary and faint with toil, I bear it away to my vessels. 
Now unto Phthia my course I take: — for better I deem it 
Home with my ships to return, since thus dishonoured, and leave thee 
Here to thy fate, ingloriously fighting for riches and plunder." (171) 

Then Agamemnon King of men this answer returned him : 
"Fly, by all means, if such be thy mind. Not ev'n for a moment 
Will I entreat thee with me to remain. I lack not companions 
True to my cause and my glory, nor Zeus for my guide and proteclor. 
Hateful beyond all Princes whom Heav'n with power hath entrusted ; 
Nought but strife is thy soul's delight, and battle and slaughter. 
Say, thou art brave! 'Tis the gift of God which thus thou prof anest. 
Fly then, I say! With thy ships and thy troops betake thee to Phthia; 
There o'er thy Myrmidons rule. For know, proud prince! that I 
reck not . ( J 8o) 

Or of thine aid or thy wrath : and, speak 'st thou of threats 1 thus I threaten: 
Since at my hands Apollo demands the daughter of Chryses, 
Forthwith let her depart. In my ship, with my escort, I send her. 
Then to thy tent I shall come, and thy prize, thy lovely Briseis 
Claim, and lead her away: — so that ev'n thyself shalt acknowledge 
Mine the superior power, and warned by thy bitter example, 
All henceforth shall dread to dispute my right or defy me." 

Thus he spake; and a pang through Peleides shot. In his bosom 
Shaggy and rough, his heart by conflicting thoughts was divided : 
Whether at once to snatch from his thigh his keen-edged falchion (190) 
Break through th' assembled chiefs and strike to the earth his insulter, 
Or to control his mind and arrest the career of his passion. 
Thus while doubtful he stood in his troubled spirit debating — 
Half unsheathed while appeared the mighty sword — from Olympus 
Pallas Athene came, whom the white-armed Hera commissioned 
Equally both in her heart regarding, and anxious to save them. 
Standing behind him, his golden locks she grasped ; — and Peleides 
Turned; and amazed he stood when her awful eyes he encountered, 
Only to him revealed among all the heroes assembled; [200] 

Startled, but yet not calmed ', in impassioned words he addressed her. (200) 



Book L] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



"And art thoucome/h?/// Heaz'n, great Daughter of Zeus to be witn e 5 
How Agamemnon, Atreus : son, both wrongs and degrades me? 
TJien shaft thou see — and my words may not be long in fulfilling — 
— How. perchance with his life he shall pay for his pride and his insults 

Thus then in turn replied the blue-eyed Goddess Athene : 
" H:j.r me! and calm thy passion, and bend thy soul to obey me! 
For this cause from Olympus I come, by Hera commissioned 
Equally friendly to both, and equally anxious to save you. 
Cease from this strife. With thy hand draw not thy sword from its 
scabbard. [ 2I °] 

Words be thine only weapons : and spare them not, but reproach him. z 1 : 
For be assured — (and ere long my words shall be fully accomplished) 
Threefold in splendor and worth shall gifts upon gifts be repaid thee 
For this insolent act. But restrain thy rage, and obey 

Then replying in turn, thus spake swift-footed Achilles. 
•A: such bidding, O Goddess! no choice but obedience is left me, 
Grievously angered at heart though I be: for such is my duty 
"Whoso the Gods reveres, his prayers will find them propitiov. 
Then with a pond rous grasp on the hilt with silver resplendent 
Back in its scabbard he plunged the mighty* sword: to Athene [220] 
Hearkening. She meanwhile her flight to Olympus had taken, : : : 
There in the mansions of Zeus rejoining her fellow immortals. 

Once more now, his heart still stcelling with anger. Achilles 
Thus Agamemnon addressed, in words injurious and bitter. 
u Drunken with pride! thou dog in thy look, but deer in thy natir 
When did' st thou ever with hearty alacrity arm for the battle, 
Or to the dreadful ambush go forth with the chiefs of the Grecia as 
Nought but terror and death in exploits like these thou behold st 

ier ~ terns it and safer to plunder thy friends; through the army 
Ranging at large, and seizing the share of whoe'er may oppose thee ! [230] 
Hah ! — what a king art thou, who mak'st a prey of thy subje ■:": 23c 
Subjects too base to resent : — or this were the last of thy insults. 
Hear then my Jixed resolve, and the oath I take to confirm it. 
By this sceptre which torn from its parent trunk on the mountains 
Blossom or bud shall never renew— by the axe of the woodman 
Stripped of its branches and bark, — by this sacred sceptre I swear it; 



io THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book I. 

Emblem of justice and truth, upborne by the sons of the Grecians, 
Guardians of laws, protectors of rights handed dozen from their fathers, 
Sanctioned byZeushimself! (such an oath e'en to thee would be binding) 
Surely with yearning of heart each Greek shall long for Achilles [240] 
When beneath Hector's slaughtering sword thine army shall perish,(24o) 
Then shalt thou groan in spirit, unable to save or to help them 
Self condemned, and gnawed by remorse and rage at thy folly, 
Shamefully thus to have used the best and bravest among them." 

Thus he spake; and dashed on the ground his sceptre in anger 
Studded with golden stars: — then sate, defiant and scornful. 
Him with increasing wrath Agamemnon eyed. Up arose then 
Nestor, the Pylian sage, whose eloquence, clear and persuasive 
Flowed from his lips in harmonious accents, sweeter than honey. 
Two generations in sacred Pylos beneath his dominion [ 2 5°] 

Reared to articulate speech, and o'ertaken by age had he witnessed, 
Sov'reigfi at once and friend. Now ruled he the third in succession, (251) 
Wisely and kindly counselling both, in these words he addressed them. 

"Gods! What a weight of grief descends on the land of Achaia! 
How will Priam exult, and his sons, and the host of the Trojans! 
How will their souls rejoice should report convey to their hearing 
This unseemly dispute, where two such chiefs are contending, 
First in the councils of Greece, and her foremost leaders in battle ! 
Be persuaded ! Remember that I am much older than either, 
Aye, and in days gone by with men far braver and greater [260] 
Long consorted on friendly terms; and they never disdained me. (260) 
Ne'er have I seen — ne'er more shall I see such men as were Dryas, 
Shepherd and guide of his flock ; Peirithous, Exadius, and Cceneus. 
These were Heroes indeed! — Nor less, divine Polyphemus, 
Theseus too, great y£geus' son, most like the immortals. 
Bravest were these of all whom Earth on her bosom hath nurtured. 
Bravest they were, and bravely they fought with the fiercest of beings, 
Evn with the mountain Centaurs, and slew them in terrible combat. 
These were my friends and associates : by these from Pylos invited 
Hastening to join them I came; from afar, from the Apian country; 
And by their side I fought, as best I might. But against them [271] 
No man of mortal mould could avail, such as earth now produces. (271) 



Book I.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



Yet they obeyed my word ; gave willing ear to my counsels. 
You, too, let me persuade: for to yield to persuasion is wiser. 
Great as thou art, O Atreides ! beware how thou seize on the damsel. 
Leave her. Respect th' award pronounced by the sons of Achaia. 
Thou too, Peleus' son! forbear to contend with our sov'reign; 
Since to no sceptred Prince whom Zeus hath delighted to honour 
Loftier place or greater renown hath e'er been awarded. 
Say, thou art mighty, as well beseems thy descent from a Goddess, [280] 
Yet is he higher in rank; for wider extends his dominion. — (280) 
Once more, Atreides ! dismiss thy wrath. 'Tis Nestor entreats thee. 
Urge thine opponent no more : for to whom shall we look but Achilles 
In the rough chances of war, as the strength and stay of our nation?" 

Then making answer replied Agamemnon, ruler of nations: 
"Rightly, O reverend sage! on either part hast thou spoken: 
But we have here a man who will dictate on every occasion; 
Nought but his will must be law ; and all must bend in his presence : 
Yet there is one, methinks, who will yield to no such pretensions. 
Grant that th' immortal Gods an accomplished warrior have made him [290] 
Have they with this conferred an unbounded licence of insult?" (290) 

Him interrupting, thus broke in the godlike Achilles: 
"Base, indeed, should I be, and deserve the name of a coward 
Were I to yield me a slave to whate'er thy caprices may dictate. 
Issue thy orders to others! Command not me! for henceforward 
Thee and thy cause I disown, and spurn the control of a tyrant. 
This too hear me declare, and well shaft thou do to observe it : 
Neither with thee nor that other in Troy will I fight for a woman. 
(Since thus meanly, ye Greeks, ye resume the prize ye have given 
Take it /) But when thou com'st to my ship dark frowning upon thee [300] 
Nought that is mine beside shaft thou touch, with me to resist thee. (300) 
Or shouldst thou dare it, come on; make trial, that all may behold it; 
Quickly my spear's broad blade with thy streaming blood shall be 
purpled." 

Thus with fierce words contended the chiefs by the ships of the Grecians. 
Both then abruptly rose, and at once dissolved the assembly. 
Thence to his tents and stately ships departed Achilles, 
With him his faithful friend Mencetius' son and their comrades. 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book I. 



But by Atreides' order was launched a swift-sailing galley 
Manned with twenty selected rowers; a hecatomb duly 
Placed in the hold for the God ; and the fair Chryseis conducted [310] 
Ev'n by himself on board : and Odysseus the wise was commander. (3 10) 
Swiftly, when all were embarked, they swept o'er the paths of the waters. 

This performed, Atreides a solemn lustration commanded. 
All the people were cleansed, and the sea received their ablutions. 
Next, to Apollo of bulls and goats whole hecatombs offered 
Blazed, in long order ranged, on the shore of the desolate ocean. 
Rich was the steam that rose with the eddying smoke from the altars. 

In such rites was the army engaged. Meanwhile Agamemnon 
Bearing his threat to Achilles in mind, Eurybates summoned, 
And Talthybius, heralds and messengers swift; and addressed 
them: [3 20 ] 

" Haste ye both to the tent of Peleus' son, to Achilles : [322] = (320) 
Claim Briseis the fair, and lead her respectfully hither. 
This should Achilles refuse, I shall take her by force, and in person 
Backed by o'erwhelming numbers; and that will be harder upon him." 
Such was his order, and strict the injunction he added on parting. 
Sad and reluctant they passed, on the shore of the desolate ocean, 
Ev'n to the tents and ships of the Myrmidon host : and Achilles 
Gloomily sitting they found in front of his tent, by the vessels. 
Greeting he gave them none, for small was his joy to behold them. [330] 
They, on their part, confused in his princely presence, and awestruck, 
Silent remained, nor raised their eyes, nor delivered their errand. (330) 
This when the chief perceived in his mind, he mildly addressed them : 
"Hail! ye Heralds, messengers high of Zeus and of mortals. 
Fearless and free draw nigh. Not you do I blame but your master. 
Well do I know, by constraint ye come for the damsel Briseis, 
And ye shall take her. Divine Patroclus ! bring forth the maiden. 
Hand her to these in charge. But now I call you to witness, 
Now, unto Gods in Heaven and mortals on Earth to proclaim it 
And to your tyrant king: — should ever henceforth by his army [340] 
Need of my aid be felt, to save them from shame and destruction — 
— No ! Let them die! — while he, in the frenzied whirl of his passion (340) 
Powerless alike to learn from the past or plan for the future, 



Book I.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 13 

Driv'n to their ships when they fight for their lives, shall be helpless 
to lead them." 

Thus he spake : and Patroclus obeyed his friend and companion, 
And from the inmost tent led forth the lovely Briseis [34-6] 

And to their charge consigned. With viomaxny fear and reluctance (345) 
Slowly she moved by their side, as they passed to the ships of Achaia. 

Then retreated Achilles apart from the sight of his comrades. 
Downward bent, and weeping, he sate, as he gazed o'er the ocean 
Hoary with breakers ashore,but darkening ^z'z7zj-/tfr7/z in the distance, [3 50] 
Seaward "his hands extending, at length he prayed to his mother 1(3 50) 
"O my Mother! since at my birth short life was ordained me, 
Surely almighty Zeus, high thundering, throned in Olympus, 
Might have enlarged it with glory. But none hath he hitherto granted. 
Lo! with what burning disgrace Agamemnon, ruler of nations, 
Brands me, wresting away the prize I won by my valour." 

Thus he spake. But his mother august in the depths of the ocean 
Heard his complaint, where she sate beside her reverend Father. 
Swift, like a rising mist, from the hoary deep she ascended; 
Sate beside him, and marked his tears: then fondly caressing [360] 
Laid in his hand her own, and endearingly naming, bespoke him. (360) 
"Why dost thou weep? my child : what grief hath seized on thy spirit? 
Speak ! Conceal not thy sorrows, but let them be common between us." 

Heavily sighing, thus replied swift-footed Achilles : 
"Well thou know'st. Why then should I tell thee all as it happened? 
Thebe the sacred fell to our arms, Aetion's city. 
This we sacked and plundered, and hither we came with the booty. 
Fairly and justly was all disposed by the Sons of Achaia, 
And to our chief Atreides the fair Chryseis allotted. 
Chryses then, the Priest of the bright far-darting Apollo [37°] 

Came to our camp and the ships of the Greeks resplendent in armour, (3 7 o) 
Eager to rescue his daughter, and proff 'ring unlimited ransom. 
Wreaths in his hands he bore of the bright far-darting Apollo 
Circling a sceptre of gold : and he urged his suit on the Grecians 
All ; but th' Atreidae first, the two great arrayers of nations. 
Then with one voice loud shouted the Greeks in assent; that Apollo 
Honoured should be in his Priest, and the costly ransom accepted. 



i 4 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book I. 

But Agamemnon Atreus' son, disdained his petition. 
Roughly he drove him forth, and sternly rebuked him at parting. 
Baffled and angry, the good old man withdrew, but Apollo [380] 
Heard the complaint of his prayer, (for he loved him well) and avenged 

him. (381) 

Upon the Argives he sent a destroying shaft; and the people 
Perished in heaps on heaps. Each moment faster and thicker 
Flew through their army the darts of the God. Out spake then a Prophet 
Who the Far-darter's will well knew; and denounced the offender. 
Foremost, at once I exhorted, the God to appease : but Atreides 
Took it in wrathful mood, and rising before the assembly 
Uttered that shameful threat which, now he hath dared to accomplish. 
Ev'n while the keen-eyed Greeks are escorting the damsel to Chrysa, 
Freighting with costly gifts for the God the best of their vessels, [390] 
Heralds have come to my tent and my ships, and have seized, and 

are leading (39°) 

Brises' daughter away, my prize, and the gift of Achaia. 
Now, my Mother, aid if thou can'st thy son in his trouble. 
Speed to Olympus and there prefer to Zeus thy petition; 
If thou hast ever, in word or deed done aught to delight him. 
Have I not heard thee boast in my Father's palace, relating 
How that the cloud-enshrouded Kronion to thee was indebted, 
Thee of th' immortals alone, for his rescue from bonds and dishonour 
Ezhi in that fearful hour when all endeavoured to chain him, 
Hera, with dread Poseidon joined, and Pallas Athena? [400] 

Then thou cam'st O Goddess, and freed him. Then at thy summons 
He of the hundred hands, Briareus (so ye call him in Heaven, (401) 
Men upon earth ^geon) Olympus scaled, and beside him 
Sate, exulting in might. Far mightier was he than his father! [405] 
Him when the Gods beheld, they shuddered, obeyed, and desisted. 
Go then; remind him of this, and his knees embracing, approach him; 
Bid him be gracious and aid the Trojans to drive to their vessels, (406) 
Crowded like sheep to the slaughter, the recreant Greeks ; who may glory 
Then, if they please, in their King — their Atreides ruler of 'nations! 
While Agamemnon himself shall know, and acknowledge his frenzy, 
Thus to have shamed and dishonoured thebestand bravest among them." 



Book L] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 15 

Dropping a pitying tear, thus Thetis kindly responded: (411) 
" Why, ah! why did I bear thee, my child! and rear thee to sorrow? 
Evil, alas! was the hour when I gave thee birth in my palace. 
Oh ! could'st thou safe remain, withdrawn from war, by thy vessels 
Tearless at least, if not long-lived ; since destiny wills it. 
Now must thy span of days be at once both joyless and fleeting ! 
Yet will I bear thy words to the Thunderer's throne, to Olympus, 
Soaring aloft to its snow-crowned heights ; and perchance he will hear 
me. [4 2 °] 

Thou meanwhile, by the swift sailing ships, in haughty seclusion 
Hold thee aloof from the Greeks, nor lead thy troops to the battle. (420) 
Zeus since yester-morn, on the farthest verge of the Ocean, 
Honours the pure ^Ethiopians' innocent feast. At the banquet 
All th' immortals attend. Twelve days they feast ; then Olympus 
Opens its bronze-paved halls to receive them. There will I enter, 
Clasp his knees and beseech him, — and surely I think he will hear me." 

Thus having spoken, the Goddess departed, leaving Achilles 
Wroth for the loss of his captive, the fair one so gracefully cinctured, 
Torn from his tent by force. 

Now happily speeding, Odysseus [430] 
Chrysa's shore had attained, the votive hecatomb bearing. 
When to the haven deep they had. come, and were fairly within it (430) 
First their sails they furled, then stowed them away in the vessel. 
Lowering next the mast, they lodged it secure on its bearing, 
Smartly bringing it down by the stays: then rowed to their moorings; 
Dropped astern huge sleepers of stone made fast by the hawser, 
And through the breaking surf made good their footing and landed ; 
Then disembarked the hecatomb due to Phoebus Apollo : 
Fair Chryseis, the last, from the ship to the shore they conducted. 
Leading her then to the altar, the wise Odysseus restored her [440] 
Safe to the hands of her Father dear ; and thus he addressed him : 

" Hither, O Chryses ! sent by the King of men, Agamemnon (440) 
Lead I thy daughter back, and a hecatomb bring, to Apollo 
Due from the suffering Greeks, who, beneath the scourge of his anger 
Bitterly groan, and pray that appeased he will cease to afflicl them." 
Then to her Father gave, and he rejoicing received her. 



1 6 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book I. 

Now, without farther delay were the victims ranged, round an altar 
Solidly built and sculptured, in goodly array, for the orT'ring. 
Then with clean-washed hands they upheaved the salt and the barley, 
Chryses praying aloud with arms extended to Heaven. [45°] 

"Hear me, thou of the silver bow! Thou guardian of Chrysa! 
Thou who encompassest Cilia the sacred! Thou whose dominion (450) 
Tenedos owns; since bending thine ear to the prayer of my anguish 
Honouring thy Priest, thou hast poured affliction and woe on the 

Grecians ; 
Once more extend thy grace, and grant this further petition : 
Cease from thy wrath and avert from Greece the plague which 
consumes her." 

Thus he prayed, and his prayer was heard by Phoebus Apollo : 
But when the prayer was ended, the meal on the victims they sprinkled, 
Turned up their heads to heaven and slew them ; flayed and divided. 
Severing the thighs, they wrapped them in cauls of fat, and about 
them [460] 

Doubled the folds, and morsels attached from each part of the carcase. 
These with billets the old man burned on the altar and o'er them (460) 
Poured the red sparkling wine ; while youths attendant around him 
Each with his five-pronged fork in hand, stood ready for service. 
They, when the thighs were burned and the entrails formally tasted, 
Cut to pieces the rest, transfixed, and skilfully roasted; [465] 

Drew them from off their forks and served them for meat to the 
Vofries. (465) 

Now was the rite concluded, the banquet spread, and they feasted 
Each to his soul's content; nor lacked there abundance or welcome. 
But when the cravings of hunger and thirst were somewhat abated, 
Full to the brim with wine th' attendants handed them goblets, [47°] 
First having spilled a libation from each ; and the youths of Achaia (470) 
All through the live-long day raised high their voices in chorus ; 
Hymned the far-darting God, and in sweet melodious cadence 
Chanted their Paeans of praise : and his soul was pleased as he listened. 
Then, when the Sun was set, and darkness had fall'n on the ocean, 
All retired to sleep, on the shore, by the stern of the vessel. 

Soon as the mother of dawn, the rosy-fingered Aurora 



Book I.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 17 



Tinted the eastern sky, for the Grecian camp they departed. 
Fair was the wind and strong, which the bright far-darting Apollo 
Sent : and they hoisted the mast, and the white sails spread, which 
received it [480] 

Full in the midst of their swell: — and they bounded along; and the 
waters (480) 

Roared round the keel as it ploughed the dark-blue wave in its progress. 
Soon to the camp they came and the long-drawn lines of the Grecians. 
Then on the main-land shore their sable galley they stranded [485] 
High on the beach, and supported on beams extended beneath her: 
Then dispersed, and returned, each man to his tent or his vessel. (485) 

Peleus' heav n-born Son meanwhile, swift-footed Achilles 
Sate by his ships aloof; and still o'er his injuries brooding 
Nurtured his wrath : nor once did he join the chiefs in their council [490] 
Nor to the war go forth: but pined in heart with impatience 
Thus to remain inaclive; and longed for the din of the battle. (490) 

Day after day thus passed. With the dawn of the twelfth to Olympus 
All the immortal Gods in long procession ascended 
Zeus at their head. Then, mindful of all to her Son she had promised, [495] 
Thetis rose from the waves, and soaring aloft in the cether 
Through the wide concave of heaven, attained the heights of Olympus. 
There, on the loftiest of all its bristling peaks she beheld him, (496) 
Him, the far-seeing son of ancient Kronos, exalted 
High, and apart enthroned : — and she knelt before him and suppliant 
With her left hand embraced his knees, while her right she 
extended [5°°] 

Raising his flowing beard; and, seconding thus her petition, (500) 
Humbly besought Kronion, the sov'reign of Gods and of mortals. 

"Father Zeus! If e'er in thy need I have brought thee assistance 
Either by word or in deed here in Heav'n, oh ! grant my petition 
Honour my son! If his days indeed must be transient and fleeting, 
Gild them with glory ! Behold how the King of Men, Agamemnon 
Shames and degrades him; claiming his prize and wresting it from him. 
Wipe off the stain ! Great Sire of Olympus, wise in thy counsels ! 
Grant unto Troy success and increase her force, till the Grecians 
Haste to requite the wrongs of my son and restore him to honour." [510] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book I. 



Thus she spake : but Zeus nought answered. In cloud and in 
silence (5 IQ ) 

Long he remained unmoved. But Thetis renewed her entreaties 
Clasping more closely his knees, and, beseechingly urgent, implored him, 
"Grant, oh! grant what I ask. — Assuredly grant: — or refusing 
Tell me at once. (Thouneed'st no reserve.) That word shall convinceme 
How, among all the Pow'rs the most dishonoured is Thetis." 

Zeus, compeller of clouds thus answered, touched with compassion : 
"This will be matter of high dispute. Unwelcome to Here 
Must my decision appear; and bitter will be her reproaches. 
Oft to th' immortal Gods unjustly I hear her complaining [520] 
That with too partial mind I assist the arms of the Trojans. (5 2 °) 
Therefore depart, lest Hera behold thee lingering beside me. 
So let it be. Thy prayer is heard. Be mine to fulfil it. 
Lo! in assent my head I bow. This holiest of pledges 
Known to th' immortals all as the sign and seal of the future, [5 2 5] 
Faithful, never revoked, unfailing, take for assurance." (5 2 5) 

Forward his dark and awful brows he bent, and inclining 
Bowed his immortal head ; while deep, at the nod, o'er his features 
Rolled his ambrosial locks : and Olympus shook to its center. [530] 

Thus resolved they parted ; and down to the depths of the Ocean 
Thetis plunged at once from the glorious heights of Olympus. (530) 
Zeus to his palace returned, where the Gods all rose at his entrance 
Rev'rent before their Sire. Not one dared wait his arrival 
Seated: but all stood ranged in awed array in his presence, 
Till he assumed his throne. Then Here, keenly remembering 
How to her Consort, Thetis the silver-footed the daughter 
Of the old Ocean sire had come and conferred; Avith reproaches 
Bitter, and sharply urged, the son of Kronos accosted. 

"Artful one! which of the Gods admit' st thou now to thy 
counsels ? [54°] 

Ever delighting thy plans to conceal, and maturing in secret 
All thy decisions apart; unto her most entitled to know them (540) 
Ne'er dost thou deign to impart one word of all thou designest." 

Thus then returned for answer the Father of Gods and of mortals. 
"Hope not, Hera! that all my plans shall to thee be confided, 



Book I.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 19 

That were too hard for thy thoughts; though my throne and my couch 

thou partakest. 
Yet be assured of this ; that whate'er may be fit for thy knowledge 
No one, either of Gods or of men, shall learn it before thee. 
As for the rest — whate'er I conceal in the depths of my counsels 
That forbear thou to ask — and resign erfn the wish to discover." [550] 
Raising her large majestic eyes, thus Hera responded: 
" Dread and severe Kronion! whatwords are these thou hast uttered?(5 50) 
Rarely indeed have I asked, or wished to partake of thy secrets. 
Free wert thou ever from question of mine to plan as thou listed'st 
But now I tremble for Greece: for have I not seen on Olympus 
Thetis, the silver-footed, the sea-god's daughter, approach thee 
Clasping thy knees at dawn? Aye! and much I fear she beguiled thee; 
And that the awful pledge thou gav'st was to honour Achilles, 
Heaping the shore with dead, by the ships of the suffering Grecians." 

Zeus, compeller of clouds, thus answering, sternly addressed her: [560] 
"Restless ever in spirit, and too perversely suspicious! 
Nought will thy wiles effect ; but can only place thee in future (560) 
Farther apart from my heart : and this will be harder upon thee. 
Say! were it e'en as thou think'st: — what imports, if such be my 

pleasure ? 
Take then in silence thy seat, and respect the word of thy Sovereign: 
For, be assured, not all the power of the Gods in Olympus 
Aught would avail in thy cause, should my anger be kindled against thee." 

Thus he spake, and the Goddess august, subdued and in silence 
Bent her large orbs on the ground and resumed her throne : and a sadness 
Fell on th' assembled Gods in that celestial mansion. [57°] 

This to dispel essayed Hephaestus.. He the contriver, 
Famed for his works of toil and of art, uprose to harangue them (570) 
Cov'ring with festive speech, well-timed, his mother's confusion. 
" Here will be mischief indeed, if you two quarrel, disturbing 
All the peace of Olympus with insupportable wrangling! 
Let men settle their own disputes : for if strife and contention [575] 
Reign in these halls, then, alas ! farewell to the joy of our banquets. (575) 
Let me advise thee, my mother (who ne'er wert lacking in prudence), 
Make thy peace with my Father Zeus, lest again he upbraid thee 



20 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book I. 

This ti?ne worse than the last ; and our feast be spoiled by your quarrel. 
Think ! should the lightning flash of Olympian Zeus be directed [580] 
Full upon all your thrones, ye Gods ! — I tremble to think o/i't ! (580) 
Soothe him then with appeasing words, dear Mother ! and trust me 
Soon will the gracious Pow'r be pleased and restore us to favour." 
Thus having spoken he rose, and filling a two-handled goblet 
Held it forth to his Mother dear, and thus he addressed her : 
" Patiently bear what thou canst not mend! and make no remonstrance, 
Hard though it seem, my Mother : for sad would it be to behold thee, 
Dear as thou art, struck down; while in vain I should long to assist thee. 
Trust me. Full hard is the task to contend with Zeus in his anger. 
Once too oft have I tried it myself when, pressing to aid thee, [590] 
Seized by the foot I was hurled from the lofty portals of Heaven : (590) 
All day long did I spin through the air, and the sun was descending 
When upon Lemnos I fell: and the Sintians found and restored me 
Breathless and bruised as I lay : for small was the life that was left me. 

Thus he spake, and Hera was cheered, and her arm she extended 
White as the snow, and with smiles the cup from her Son she accepted : 
He forthwith to the rest of the Gods, and to each in his order 
Filled; drawing fresh from its urn the delicious juice of the Nectar; 
While from them all unextinguished laughter arose, as Hephaestus 
Bustling with awkward gait they beheld, through the halls of 
Olympus. [600] 

Thus they feasted in bliss all day till the sun was declining : (600) 
Nor was there wanting aught to enhance the joy of their banquet 
Either of festive cheer, or the tuneful harp, by Apollo 
Struck ; while the Muses sang, sweet answ'ring, or blending in chorus. 
But when the sun had withdrawn his glorious light and departed, [605] 
Then, for needful repose each God retired to his palace, (605) 
For with ingenious craft that limping artist Hephaestus 
Famed for his skill, had constructed for each his separate dwelling. 
Zeus ascended the couch which, whene'er he conse?ited to slumber 
— Laying aside for an instant his flaming bolts — he frequented. 
There he reclined, in celestial calm reposing; and Here [610] 

Quitting her throne of gold lay tranquilly sleeping beside him. (6 l 1) 



THE ILIAD. 

BOOK II. 



BOOK THE SECOND. 



Argument. 

In consequence of a vision sent by Zeus inspiring him with false hopes 
of the immediate capture of Troy, Agamemnon assembles the leaders of the 
Greeks, relates the vision to them, and in pursuance of a concerted scheme 
for trying the temper of the army, harangues the troops, proposing an 
immediate abandonment of their enterprise. They prepare with eagerness 
to ad cm the suggestion, but Odysseus inspired by Pallas recals them to their 
duty. The assembly is resumed. Thersites ?nakes an insolent speech and 
is rebuked and chastised by Odysseus. At his exhortations and those of 
Nestor, the Greeks prepare for battle and muster on the plain before Troy. 
A catalogue is given of the ships and confederate foixes, specifying the 
contingent of each of the Grecian states and their leaders. They march 
towards the city. Iris in the likeness of Polite s annomices their approach 
to the assembled Trojans, who prepare for aclion. A catalogue of the 
Trojan and auxiliary forces and their leaders. 



ILIAD. BOOK II. 



ALL the rest of the Gods, and the crested chiefs of the armies 
Slept through the night. But Zeus to the sweets of slumber inclined 
not. 
Deeply he mused in his thoughts how best he might honour Achilles 
Heaping the shore with many a corse by the ships of the Grecians. 
This to his mind appeared the most effectual counsel ; 
Down to Atreides a baleful dream to send and delude him. 
Thus then the Vision addressing he sped forth the words of his errand. 
" Hie thee away, thou baleful Dream ! to the ships of the Grecians. 
When thou shalt reach the tent of Atreus' son, Agamemnon, 
There this message declare, in the self-same words that I tell thee. (10) 
Bid him, in all their force, the long-hair'd troops of Achaia 
Summon to arms, and array: for now, perchance he shall capture 
Troy, with her spacious streets; since divided no more in opinion 
All th' immortals who dwell in the bright Olympian mansions 
Yield before Here's prayers; and woes impend o'er the Trojans." 

Thus he spake, and the Dream, his command receiving, departed. 
Quickly it glided down to the swift-sailing ships of the Grecians 
Where reposed Agamemnon, Atreus' son, and it found him 
Stretched in the couch in his tent,, and steeped in ambrosial slumber. 
There it stood, and leaned o'er his head, like Nestor in semblance (20) 
Neleus' son, of the Greeks whom most Agamemnon respected: 
Like in feature and voice. Then spake the mysterious Vision : 
"Sleep'st thou, Atreides, son of the warlike tamer of horses? 
Ill befits it a chief in whose care are the welfare of nations 
And the high conduct of war, to devote whole nights to his slumbers. 



24 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book II. 

Rouse thee at once, and attend ! From Zeus I bring thee a message 
Who, from above looking down, with a fond regard for thy glory, 
Bids thee, in all their force, the long-hair'd troops of Achaia 
Summon to arms, and array : for now perchance thou shalt capture 
Troy, with her spacious streets ; since divided no more in opinion (30) 
All th' immortals who dwell in the bright Olympian mansions 
Yield before Here's prayers: and woes impend o'er the Trojans 
Sent from the hands of Zeus. But do thou remember my message. 
Let it not fade from thy thoughts when sleep shall have fled from thine 

eyelids." 
Thus having spoken, the Vision departed leaving Atreides 
Picturing that in his mind which should ne'er receive its fulfilment: 
Weak and misled! He believed that the day was come for the capture 
Of the proud city of Priam; nor knew what Zeus was devising : 
Knew not the griefs and woes he would heap on Greeks and on Trojans 
Groaning beneath their load, in the dreadful struggle impending. (40) 
Starting from sleep, the celestial voice still ringing around him, 
Up he sate on his couch, and a tunic drew o'er his person 
Soft and fresh and fair; then his ample mantle about him 
Cast, and his sandals rich to his smooth white feet he adjusted; 
Slung in its belt from his shoulders his sword all studded with silver; 
Grasped his paternal sceptre, enduring, sacred and stainless; 
And to the ships went forth of the bronze-mailed sons of Achaia. 

Eos, goddess of morn, had advanced on the breadth of Olympus 
Light announcing to Zeus and to all the other immortals, 
When, at the king's command the shrill-voiced heralds his army (50) 
Roused, and summoned the long-hair'd Greeks to assemble in council. 
Wide was the order proclaimed, and quickly the people obeyed it. 
First, however, a council he held of chiefs and of elders 
Duly convened at the ship of Nestor the Pylian sov'reign. 
There, in the presence of all, this artful scheme he propounded : 

" Listen ! my Friends. A Vision, in night's ambrosial silence 
Came to me while I slept, from Heaven descending; like Nestor 
Noble, in form, in stature, and mien it appeared, and its station 
Took near my head, and over me leaning, thus it addressed me : 
'Sleep'st thou, Atreides, son of the warlike tamer of horses? (60) 



Book II.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 25 

111 befits it a chief in whose care are the welfare of nations 
And the high conduct of war, to devote whole nights to his slumbers. 
Rouse thee at once, and attend ! From Zeus I bring thee a message, 
Who from above looking down, with a fond regard for thy glory 
Bids thee, in all their force, the long-hair'd troops of Achaia 
Summon to arms, and array; for now, perchance thou shalt capture 
Troy, with her spacious streets : since divided no more in opinion 
All th' immortals who dwell in the high Olympian mansions 
Yield before Here's prayers; and woes impend o'er the Trojans, 
Sent by the hand of Zeus. But do thou refnember my message!' (70) 
Thus having spoken, it flitted away. Then slumber forsook me. 
Now be our care the sons of Greece to prepare for the combat. 
First will I try them with words of contrary sense, as is prudent; 
Bidding them man each bench of their ships, and fly for their safety. 
You then among them dispersed, dispel their fears and retain them." 

Thus having said he resumed his seat. Up rose then among them 
Nestor, whom Pylos' sand-strown realms obeyed as their sov'reign, 
Who with considerate words, falling in with the project, addressed them. 
"Friends, and Leaders of Greece! Ye chiefs of experience in council 
Were it by other lips that a dream like this had been told us (80) 

All would pronounce it false; and all would shun the relator. 
But 'tis the first of our host, the noblest and best, who has seen it. 
Come then! as best we may, let us arm the sons of Achaia." 

Thus he spake, and, leading the way, went forth from the council, 
Followed by all the sceptred chiefs, their commander obeying; 
While in tumultuous throngs the troops came rushing to meet them. 
As when the nation of bees from the cleft rock's hollow recesses 
Issues in clustering groups, out-pouring in endless succession, 
Swarm upon swarm; in the vale o'er the vernal blossoms they murmur 
Hovering hither and thither in dense and busy commotion : (90) 

So from their ships and tents came forth the gathering nations 
Troop after troop; and covered the shelving beach with their numbers, 
Pressing towards the place. Jove's messenger, Rumour, among them 
Ran like a conflagration and drove them on. In the meeting 
All was eager alarm : while earth resounding beneath them 
Groaned as they took their seats : and a clamour arose. But the heralds, 



26 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book II. 

Nine in number, their voices strained, and exhorted to silence 
Claiming a hearing for those whom Zeus with dominion had gifted. 
Silence at length was obtained, all soon were ■ seated in order. 
Then Agamemnon rose to address them, bearing the sceptre (100) 
Wrought by Hephaestus' self who with care and skill had adorned it. 
This he presented to Zeus the sov'reign of Gods and of mortals. 
Zeus to his messenger gave it, to Hermes, slayer of Argus ; 
Who as a king, consigned it to Pelops, tamer of horses : 
Pelops to Atreus gave it, the shepherd and guide of his people: 
Atreus dead, to Thyestes it came, the wealthy in cattle : 
Last, on great Agamemnon's self it devolved; to be wielded 
Emblem of sway o'er Argos wide and many an island. 
Leaning on this, he sent forth his voice der the mighty assembly. 

"Friends, and Heroes of Greece, ye valiant servants of Ares! (no) 
Zeus hath entangled me sore in the toils of his heavy displeasure ; 
Cruel! For did he not promise, and nod from his throne to confirm it, 
Ilions tow'rs to uproot, and restore me in triumph to Argos? 
'Twas but a planned and bitter deceit ! For now he commands me 
Home to return inglorious, and mourn o'er the fate of my comrades. 
Such is his sov'reign will irresistible ! who when it pleased him 
Many a proud city's lofty defences hath humbled already, 
Many a one yet will humble: for uncontrolled is his power.— 
Shame! oh! shame will it seem unto all who shall learn it hereafter, 
Such and so mighty a force to have warred in vain, and retreated (120) 
Greeks though they we?-e, with inferior numbers matched : for conclusion 
Other than this see I none, nor sign of a prosperous issue. 
Yet were a compact made to decide this quarrel by numbers, 
Duly confirmed by oath; and fairly the warriors were counted, 
Ranging on one side those who have Troy for their birthplace and 

dwelling ; 
We the Achaians collecting in groups of ten on the other, — 
Then, at our final feast were each man for a cupbearer taken, 
Many a decade of Greeks must want its Trojan attendant. 
Thus, I say, do Achaia's sons out-number the Trojans, 
Reckoning those in the city who dwell. But besides, there are spear- 
men (130) 



Book II.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 27 

Num'rous and brave, who flock to their aid from many a city. 
These are the men who baffle and push me aside from my purpose, 
Much as I long to destroy proud Ilion's populous fortress. 
Nine long years of mighty Zeus have lapsed, and the timbers 
Rot in our ships as they stand, and the ropes hang slack and untwisted ! 
While in their dwellings at home our wives and innocent children 
Listlessly wait our return: and we, meanwhile have effected 
Plainly and simply nothing of all we came to accomplish. 
Then let us act at once! Attend to my words and obey them. 
Home let us fly with our ships, and seek the dear land of our Fathers. 
Never will Troy's wide streets by our conquering forces be entered. 

Thus he spake, and each hearer's heart was stirred in his bosom : 
All but the chiefs who knew the deep design of his counsel. 
All the assembly was moved ; like the waves which swell to the tempest 
Far on the wide Icarian sea, when Eurus and Notus 
Burst from the clouds of Father Zeus, and roll it before them. 
And as the deep and full-eared corn when swept by the Zephyr 
Bows to the coming blast, and waves and sways at its impulse, 
So was th' assembly swayed. All rushed with shouts to the vessels, 
Trampling aloft the dust which in air hung canopied o'er them, (150) 
Each exhorting his fellows with cries to seize on the gallies 
Drag them down from the beach, and launch them at once on the Ocean. 
Soon were the channels cleared. Then the shout ascended to heaven, 
"Homeward! Homeward!" and down they plucked the props that 
sustained them. 

Then, in despite of fate had the Greeks returned to their country 
Had not Hera these words addressed to Pallas Athene: 
"What then? invincible daughter of ^Egis-bearing Kronion! 
Thus shall our Argives fly to the dear-loved land of their fathers, 
Riding inglorious away on the broad-ridged waves of the ocean? 
What ! shall they leave to Priam the triumph? — leave to the Trojans (160) 
Argive Helen herself; that prize for whom many a Grecian 
There on the plains of Troy hath perish'd, far from his country? 
Not so! Hie thee at once to the bronze-mailed hosts of Achaia, 
Use thy persuasive language on one and all, and restrain them: 
Suffer them not to drag to the sea their even-oared vessels." 



28 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book II. 

Thus she spake: nor delayed the blue-eyed goddess Athene. 
Down she darted at once from the topmost height of Olympus 
And in an instant reached the swift-sailing ships of the Grecians. 
There she encountered Odysseus the wise, Jove's equal in counsel. 
Pierced to the heart and soul with grief he stood, nor assisted (170) 
Ev'n with a touch to move his dark and well-equip't galley.— 
Standing beside him, thus did the blue-eyed goddess address him; 

"Heav'n-descended son of Laertes! wily Odysseus! 
Shamefully hurrying to man the close-ranged banks of your vessels 
Homeward thus will ye fly to the dear-lov'd land of your fathers? 
What! will ye leave to Priam the glory? — leave to the Trojans 
Argive Helen herself; that prize for whom many a Grecian 
Here on the plains of Troy hath perish'd, far from his country? 
Haste then ! Address thee at once to the bronze-mailed hosts of Achaia; 
Use thy persuasive language on one and all, and restrain them. (180) 
Suffer them not to drag to the sea their even-oared gallies." 

Thus she spake. But he knew the celestial voice and obeyed it. 
Running in haste he cast off his cloak, which Eurybates watchful 
Caught as it fell ('twas he who from Ithaca came, as a herald). 
First, in his course encountering Atreus' son, Agamemnon, 
He from the king his sceptre received, enduring and stainless, 
Which to the ships he bore of the bronze-mailed sons of Achaia. 
Trusted with this, when he chanced on some Prince or chief of 

distinction 
Thus, arresting his speed, with persuasive words he constrained him : 

"Strange! that a man such as thou should to panic yield, like a 
dastard. ( I 9°) 

Take thy place, a?id steady thy men, and make them be seated. 
For, be assured, thou know'st not yet the mind of Atreides. 
Now he but tries, but will soon press hard on, the sons of Achaia. 
What he said in the council, alone they know who were present. 
Now 'twill be well if he wreak not his rage on the sons of the Grecians. 
Dread is the -wrath of a king who to Zeus his lineage traces, 
Heav'n will maintain his honour, and Jove is his friend and adviser." 
But when some trooper he found, some base and bellowing miscreaiit 
Him with the sceptre he drove, nor spared loud words of invective. 



Book II.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 29 

"Madman! be seated and quiet, and hear -what is said by thy 
betters: (200) 

'Tis not for such as thou, such weak and dastardly wretches, 
Either to count in the ranks as men, or be heard in the council. 
What then ! must all be kings who call themselves Greeks, in our army? 
One king, sure, is enough, and more were a curse to the nation: 
One, by mysterious Kronos' son with dominion entrusted, 
Sceptre and lawful rule, that he reign in might and in justice." 

Thus by his voice of command was order restored in the army. 
Back from their tents and ships once more they rushed to the meeting 
Clam'ring ; as when the wide-resounding swell of the ocean 
Breaks on the long flatbeach, and the sea's rough voice is uplifted. (210) 

All was quiet at length, and all were seated in order, 
Only Thersites persisted in coarse unmeasured invective. 
Filled to the throat with words of vulgar abuse, he delighted 
Idly, and setting at naught all rule, to wrangle with Princes, 
Scoffing at all their acts, and seizing each subject of laughter. 
Ugliest was he among all the Greeks who at Ilion mustered : 
Squinting: of one foot lame; and his mountain shoulders projecting 
Pressed on his chest in front : while scantly peering above them 
Rose to a peak his head, with thin wool sparingly sprinkled. 
Such was the man! He hated Achilles most, and Odysseus. (220) 
Both he loved to revile : but now, on divine Agamemnon 
Fasfning, he screamed forth bitter abuse, which the generous Grecians 
Heard with impatient wrath, and scarce suppressed their resentment. 
Howling across th' assembly with words like these he assailed him. 
"What is thy grievance now, O Atreides? What dost thou long for? 
Crammed are thy tents with brass ; and female slaves, whom the Grecians 
Carefully choosing from all their spoil, have bestowed on their Leader, 
There, in plenty, are found, from each town we have taken and 

plundered. 
Hast thou a craving for gold, which some Trojan tamer of horses 
Eager to ransom his son (by myself or some other Achaian (230) 

Captured and bound in fight) may lay at thy feet from his treasure 7 
Say ! dost thou wish for a damsel with whom to wanton in dalliance 
Keeping her close shut up for thyself ? Oh ! shame ! that their ruler 



3 o THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book II. 

Thus to defeat and mischief should lead the sons of Achaia. 
Women of Greece, not Greeks ! imsexed, disgraced, and enfeebled ! 
Home I say, home, let us haste in our ships, and behind us in Troia 
Leave him here to feed on his honours. So shall experience 
Teach him whether he need our aid or can conquer without us: 
He ! — who but now Achilles, a man far nobler and braver, 
Foully dishonoured; and holds his prize, having shamefully robbed him. 
Mild is Achilles doubtless by nature, bland and forbearing. (241) 
Well for thee, O Atreides ! or that were the last of thy insults." 

Thus insulting Atreides, the shepherd and guide of his people 
Spoke Thersites. Him then noble Odysseus approaching 
Eyed with indignant looks, and harshly reproving addressed him : 
" Babbling fool, Thersites ! Be still, thou noisy declaimer ! 
Ready of tongue though thou be; and contend not, trifler, with Princes : 
For I assert that baser than thou, no mortal among us 
Here can be found, of all who have come to Troy with th' Atreidae. 
Take not the names of kings in thy mouth to soil and blaspheme 
them. ( 2 5°) 

Cease from thy factious abuse, nor expect the retreat of our army. 
Time and events will decide our return. Victorious or vanquished, 
That to the Gods we leave, nor ask thy counsel or guidance. 
Atreus' son Agamemnon, the shepherd and guide of his people 
Dat'st thou sit there and revile ? and vent thy spite and thy envy. 
Grudginghim all the wealth which the Heroes of Greece have awarded? 
Hear what I say, and what, be assured will be fully accomplished. 
Let me but catch thee raving again in this insolent fashion, 
And may the head of Odysseus no longer rest on his shoulders, 
May I never again as Telemachus' father be greeted, (260) 

Tear I not from thy carcase vile each rag of thy garments, 
Cloak, and tunic, and all, and drive thee, naked and wailing, 
Sobbing beneath the blows I shall give thee, back to thy vessel, 
Freeing th' assemblies of Greece from the shame and disgrace of thy 
presence." 

Thus Odysseus : and down on his back and shoulders the sceptre 
Fell with a sweep; and he writhed, and the tears ran fast o'er his visage, 
While on his back a tumour arose, all livid a?id bleeding, 



Book II.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



Under the sceptre's golden weight. Down sate he and trembled, 
Wiping the tears from his face, in doleful and piteous condition. 
Shocked were the Greeks at first, but laughter gained the ascendant (270) 
While each man to his neighbour turning, spoke his opinion : 

" Well now ! many a worthy deed hath Odysseus accomplished, 
Excellent plans suggested, and roused our spirits in action. 
But to have stopped this slanderer's mouth and cut short his reviling 
This is the happiest boon he hath ever conferred on the Grecians. 
Surely, methinks, 'twill be long ere his headstrong spirit excite him 
Madly again to abuse our kings with scurrilous language." 

Such was the general talk. But Odysseus, razer of cities, 
Stood with the sceptre in hand, and beside him blue-eyed Athene 
Like to a herald in form, commanded all to be silent. (280) 

So that each man, whether distant or near, of the sons of Achaia 
All that he said might hear and well consider its import. 
Sagely he spoke, and these were the words he addressed to the meeting. 

"Hapless Atreides! Now will this acl of thine army proclaim thee 
Lowest of kings, wherever the language of mortals is spoken : 
Thus. do the Greeks perform that oath they swore, when from Argos 
Famedforits steeds they sought these shores, and promised to bring thee 
Back triumphant, the razer of Troy's embattled defences ! 
Hear, how with wail and with moan, like desolate widows and orphans, 
One to another they cry for home, sweet home! audits comforts! (2 go) 
Yet is it grievous and hard to return in shame and in suffering. 
Let but a man from his wife for a single month be divided: 
Doth he not chafe and fret, when the wintry shriek of the tempest 
Yells round his many-bench'd ship, and the rough sea pens him in 

harbour? 
Therefore I blame not the Greeks, that, for nine long winters revolving 
Here at their ships detained, they weary and chafe with impatience. 
But to have staid so long, and now to retreat on a sudden 
Empty-handed and foiled, were foul defeat and dishonour. 
Therefore, my friends ! endure to the end. Let us stay and determine 
Whether the fates by Calchas shewn, be truth or delusion. (300) 
All of you know what happened — each man here present can witness 
(Each who from day to day through the chances of plague and of battle 



32 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book II. 

Struggling on has survived) when at Aulis our ships were assembled 
Ready on Troy and her sons to launch the weight of our vengeance, 
How round the fount we gathered, and spotless hecatombs offered 
To the immortal Gods, full heaped on many an altar, 
Under a beauteous plane which the limpid source overshadowed. 
Then was a wond'rous sign displayed! From under the altars 
Glided a fearful serpent, his back all spotted with purple ; 
Sent up to light by Olympian Zeus : and he made for the plane-tree. (310) 
There on the topmost bough the unfledged young of a sparrow 
Eight in number were lodged, close under the foliage nestling; 
She, the mother herself the ninth, who had hatched and who fed them. 
One by one, their piteous cries unheeding, he swallowed; 
While round the nest kept hov'ring the mother, lamenting her dear ones, 
Her too, turning his head, by the wing he seized, and devoured 
Screaming. But thus having slain those fledglings all and their mother, 
Fixed he remained, as a visible sign of the God who had sent him, 
Suddenly changed to stone by the son of mysterious Kronos. 
Wond'ring what this might mean, as we stood all lost in amazement. 
Thus by miraculous signs to behold our rites interrupted; (321) 
Calchas at once, by Heav'n inspired, this oracle uttered. 
'Why are ye mute, ye crested Greeks? Why stand ye astonished! 
Zeus in his wisdom and might this prodigy sends, in its import 
Slow of unfolding ; late in event ; undying in glory. 
Ev'n as that snake devoured the nestlings eight of the sparrow, 
Her too, the mother herself the ninth, who had hatched and who fed 'them, 
Thus, even thus, must we war through nine long years on the Trojans, 
And in the tenth their vast and stately city shall capture.' 
Thus was the oracle told. Just now we behold its fulfilment. (330) 
Stay then, ye bright armed Greeks but awhile : make one more endeavoui- ; 
Surely the city of Priam will yield at length to your valour." 

Thus he spake; and the Argives shouted aloud, and the vessels 
Rattled and rang as they echoed the jubilant shouts of th' Achaians 
Yielding tumultuous assent to the words of godlike Odysseus. 
Nestor then, the Gerenian knight uprose and addressed them. 
'Shame on ye all! Why talk ye like silly and impotent children 
All too feeble for war and reckless of duty and honour? 



Book II.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



33 



What shall become of your vows? and where is the league ye have 

sworn to? 
Into the flames are cast each high resolve and each counsel, (340) 
All the libations, the pledged right hands, and the oaths that we trusted ! 
Idly we war with empty words and mutual reproaches. 
Counsel or conduct is none, though year after year hath been wasted. 
But O Atreides! do thou, in thine heart unflinching, as ever, 
Hold to thy purpose firm, and lead thy Greeks to the conflict. 
Let those few seceders who dream of returning to Argos 
Ere it shall clearly appear whether Zeus the great ^Egis-upholder 
Mean to fulfil the promise he gave, or intend to desert us, 
Shrink out of sight and of mind; for success shall never attend them. 
For I assert, such promise was giv'n by the mighty Kronion (350) 
Flashing from Heav'n on our right in manifest sign of approval, 
On that auspicious day when the Greeks their swift-sailing vessels 
Launched on the deep and embarked, bearing death and destruction to 

Troia. 
Wherefore at once dismiss from your minds all thought of returning, 
Ere that day when each Greek shall have seized the wife of a Trojan, 
Mindful of Helena's tears from her husband torn, and her sufferings. 
Should there be one so madly bent on flight and desertion; 
Let him but grasp a rope, or lay hands on an oar of his vessel, 
And be the first among us to meet that doom he would fly from. 
Now, then, bethmk thee well O King! and take counsel of others, (360) 
Nor let the words I speak fall unregarded upon thee. 
Let thy troops, Agamemnon, by tribes and clanships be mustered; 
Tribe by tribe be supported, and clansman encouraged by clansman. 
So shalt thou judge, if thus thou direct, and the Greeks shall obey thee, 
Which are the dastard chiefs, and which of their soldiers a coward, 
Which, too, noble and brave : for they fight in the sight of their kinsmen. 
Then thou shalt know, should Troy not fall, whether Fate have pre- 
served it, 
Or the degenerate Greeks have lost their skill and their courage." 

Thus making answer returned the ruler of men Agamemnon, 
"Now, as at all times, wise, thou excell'st all others in council; (370) 
O! might our Father Zeus, and Apollo and Pallas Athene 



34 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book II. 

Grant me but ten such men in our host, to advise and assist me, 
Soon would the mighty city of Priam the King, to their wisdom 
Yield, oer'mastered and ruined, a prey to our conquering armies. 
Zeus son of Kronos, the ^Egisbearer, however, hath sent me 
Hardship and grief, and in vain contention and strife hath involved me. 
Wrangling with mighty Achilles I stood, for the sake of a damsel. 
Bitter, and harsh were our words : and {own it I must) I began it. 
Should we again be friends, and in heart united, no longer 
Would the destruction of Troy be deferred — no, not for an instant. (380) 
Go then, ye warriors. Strengthen yourselves with food for the combat : 
Each man sharpen his spear and adjust the thongs of his buckler: 
Each to his swift-footed steeds give plenty of nourishing fodder. 
Mindful of war's rude shock, let each look well to his chariot, 
So that a long day's fight may find nought weak or deficient. 
For, be assured, not a moment's pause nor truce will be granted 
Till intervening night shall part the fierce rage of the heroes. 
Bathed in sweat be each bosom beneath its sheltering buckler! 
Each brave hand grow weary and stiff with grasping the jav'lin ! 
"Whirling the polished car, each steed must pant with exertion. (390) 
He, whomsoe'er I shall see, avoiding the fight like a recreant, 
Skulking to shelter his fear in the darksome hold of his vessel, 
Trust me, shall find it hard to escape the dogs and the vultures." 

Thus he spake, and the Argives shouted aloud : as the breakers 
Rave upon some steep shore when by Notus lashed into fury 
Round a far-jutting crag, which the wild waves never relinquish 
Drifted upon it by every wind, from every quarter. 
Rising in haste they dispersed to their ships and tents ; and among them 
Each man kindled his fire and cooked his meal, and consumed it. 
Each to the God of his choice preferred his prayers and oblatiofts (400) 
In the impending fight to guard him from death and destruction. 
But Agamemnon, king of men to mighty Kromon 
Offered a steer of five years age, well fattened; and summoned 
Each of the noblest chieftains of Greece, her elders in council, 
Nestor the first, Idomeneus next, the sov'reign of Creta; 
Thither each Aias came, with Tydeus' son, Diomedes; 
Sixth in order Odysseus the wise, Jove's equal in council. 



Book II.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



35 



But Menelaiis unbidden attended (whose shout in the battle 
Rose above all) for he shared each care, each grief, of his brother. 
These surrounded the steer and upheaved the salt and the barley (410) 
While Agamemnon ruler of men thus prayed from amidst them : 
"Zeus! most great, most glorious,who dwellest in clouds and in darkness, 
Grant me, ere set of sun, ere night shall have closed on our armies, 
Down to the earth to cast the high roof of the palace of Priam 
Smould'ring in fire; and consume its gates with the torch of my 

vengeance ! 
Grant me to hew from his bosom the brazen armour of Hector 
Shattered, and torn by my conqu'ring sword; and let many a comrade 
Prostrate, biting the ground, in the dust lie scattered around him." 
Thus he prayed. But Kronion received not his prayer, nor fulfilled it j 
Though he accepted the homage. And toil upon toil he redoubled. (420) 
But when the prayer was ended, the meal on the victims they sprinkled. 
Turned up their heads to heav'n and slew them; flayed, and divided. 
Sev'ring the thighs, they wrapped them in cauls of fat, and about them 
Doubled the folds, and morsels attached from each part of the carcase, 
These with leafless billets of wood they burned, and the entrails 
Fixing on forks o'er the mounting ■flames they held, and consumed them. 
Then (when the thighs were burned, and the entrails formally tasted) 
Cut into pieces the rest, transfixed, and skilfully roasted; 
Drew them from off the spits, and served for meat on the tables. 
Now was the rite concluded, the banquet spread, and they feasted (430) 
Each to his soul's content; nor lacked there abundant provision. 
But when the cravings of hunger and thirst at length were abated, 
Nestor arose — the Gerenian knight, and thus he addressed them: 
" Atreus' son, most noble ! Thou king of men, Agamemnon ! 
Let us not waste our time in empty talk; but in earnest 
Haste without farther delay to accomplish the mission of Heaven : 
Now to the work ! Let the heralds the bronze-mailed sons of Achaia 
Summon to meet full armed at the ships. Then proceed we together, 
Traversing all the long-drawn lines of the host, and exciting 
All, with their utmost speed to prepare for desperate conflict." (44°) 

Thus he spake, nor delayed the king of men Agamemnon; 
Soon was his order giv'n to the shrill-voiced heralds, to summon 



3— 2 



/ 



36 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book II. 



All the array of the crested Greeks to make ready for battle. 
Soon was the order announced and quickly the troops were assembled. 
Then through the ranks Atreides passed, with the sov'reigns around him, 
Stationing each in its place : and beside them blue-eyed Athene 
Lifted her ^Egis on high, undecaying, immortal, and precious, 
Which with an hundred tassels of gold was fringed at its margin 
Wondrously twisted and wrought, and each of a hecatomb's value. 
Fiercely glaring, with this she rushed through the host of the Grecians (45 o) 
Urging them on \ and infused fresh strength into every bosom 
And the determined resolve to fight to the last and to conquer. 
Sweeter by far to their hearts was now the prospect of battle 
Than to return in their ships to the dear-loved land of their fathers. 
\ As when some forest vast on the lofty crest of a mountain 
Burns with devouring fire, and lightens the regions around it ; 
So, as the troops advanced, from the beaming brass of their armour 
Flashed to the sky through the air an all-illumining splendour. 
Countless they came as when flocks of fowl in the marshes of Asius 
Geese, or cranes, or long-necked swans, by the streams of Cayster (460) 
Wheel in uncertain flight, now here, now there, and disporting 
Winnow the air with their wings, and with loud cries sweep der the waters 
Till they at once alight, and the mead resounds with their clamour: 
So from their ships and tents poured forth the gathering nations 
On the Scamandrian plain. Loud groaned the earth as it trembled 
Under the feet of men and of horses must 'ring for battle. 
So too by myriads they stood on the flowery mead of Scamander 
Thick as the blossoms and leaves which spring pours forth in her bounty. 
And as the buzzing swarms of flies that clustering hover 
Chasing each other around some shepherd's pen, in the spring-tide (470) 
(What time the milk is sweet and rick, and the pails overflowing), 
Not less numberless stood the long-hair'd sons of Achaia 
Eager to close in fight, and break through the ranks of the Trojans. 
These, as some skilful herdsman his goats selects and assembles 
When in a mingled crowd they spread confused o'er the pasture, 
Not with less ease their leaders collect and array for the combat, 
Each in his rank a?id place; Agamemnon tow'ring among them 
Like unto thundering Zeus in his beaming eyes and his forehead; 



Book II.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



37 



Ares in waist ; and Poseidon in breadth of chest and of shoulders. 
And as a bull stalks forth in advance of his herd in the meadows (480) 
Proud in his might, and in lordly strength all others excelling; 
So by the hand of. Zeus with surpassing glory invested 
Stepped forth Atreides on that great day, supreme among heroes?; 

Tell me, ye Muses ! Ye # who the halls of Olympus inhabit — 
(Goddesses are ye, and present at each great deed, and behold it. 
We but gather from vague report, and of nothing are certain) — 
Who were the Rulers of Greece, and who her commanders in battle. 
Were, for the task, ten tongues, ten mouths, ten voices accorded 
All unwearied with speech, and with brazen lungs were I gifted, 
Ne'er could I count the number or name the names of her warriors, (490) 
Did not the Muses, the ^Egis-bearer's Olympian daughters, 
Bring to my mind the long list of those who at Ilion mustered, 

Now I recite the ships, and the ships' 1 commanders in order. 



The Catalogue of the Ships and Forces. 

Peneleus first and Le'itus led the Boeotian squadrons, 
Arcesilaus next: with these, Prothoenor and Clonius 
Under them, those in Hyrie bred, and precipitous Aulis, 
Schcenus and Scolus too, and the rough Eteonian passes, 
Those whom Thespia nurtured, and Graia, and wide Mycalessus, 
Those near Harma who dwelt, th' Ilesian fens, and Erythrag, 
Eleon, and those, besides, who in Hyla and Peteon harboured, (500) 
Or in Ocalea dwelt, or in Medeon's impregnable fortress, 
Thisbe, famed for its breed of doves, Eutresis and Copse, 
And Coronfea's slope, and the meadows of green Haliartus ; 
Those who possessed Platsea and those who inhabited Glissa 
And who maintained in its strength Hypothebe's fortified city; 
Those of Oncastus' beauteous groves, where Poseidon is worshipped, 
Those who rich Arne's vine-clad hills possessed, and Mideia, 
Nissa's sacred shrines and Anthedon's remoter recesses. 
These were transported in fifty ships, and in each of the vessels 
Six-score Boeotian youths embarked for Ilion's conquest. (510) 

From Minyrean Orchomenos those, and the men of Aspledon 



38 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book II. 

Were by Ascalaphus led and Ialmenus, offspring of Ares, 
Both by Astyoche borne to the God, who secretly wooed her 
Under the roof of her father, Azeidean Actor ; a virgin 
Pure until then, and stainless. — All these, in order embarking, 
Thirty vessels conveyed in their hollow keels o'er the ocean. 

Schedius next to these, and Epistrophus led the Phocseans 
Sons of the great descendant of Naubolus, valiant Iphitus. 
All who in rock-strown Python dwelt, and around Cyparissus, 
All who from Crissa the holy, from Panope came, and from Daulis; (520) 
Those in Anemorasa, and those in Hyampolis nurtured, 
All who inhabit the banks of the sacred river Cephisus, 
All the Lilasans besides, from Cephisus' sources assembled, 
Followed in forty sable ships these chiefs to the warfare; 
And when by these arranged, and duly disposed in their order, 
On the Boeotians' left in camp and in battle were stationed. 

Then came the Locrians led by the swift Oilean Aias; 
Aias the less — far less than the great Telamonian Hero 
Whether in stature or strength : yet small as he was (and his corslet 
Quilted with, linen alone) as a spearman, none could excel him. (530) 
Under him sailed the men of Calliarus, Opus, and Cynos, 
Scarphe and Bessa's groves, and the lovely fields of Augaea, 
Tarpha, and Thronius' mead by the streams of Boagrius watered. 
Locrians these from the coast beyond Euboea the sacred, 
Followed in forty sable ships in the train of their leader. 

Next the Euboean Abantes, high panting with generous ardour, 
Men from Eretria, Chalcis, and rich Histaeia's vineyards, 
Men from Cerinthus' shore, and the rock-built city of Dion, 
Those who possessed Carystus, and those who inhabited Styra, 
These Elephenor led, the lord of the noble Abantes, (540) 

Great Chalcodon's son, who from Ares his lineage boasted. 
Swiftly rushing to battle, their long hair streaming behind them, 
Charged all his followers bold, each skilled through breastplate and corslet 
Driving his tough ash spear, to pierce to the heart of his foeman. 
Forty sable vessels transported these o'er the ocean. 

Next in order were those whom the stately city of Athens 
Sent from its walls to the war — the city of noble- Erechtheus, 



Book II.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 39 

Sprung from the teeming furrow, by Pallas, the Thunderer's daughter, 
Nurtured and cherished and placed in her own magnificent temple; 
There, where th 'Athenian youth with bulls and lambs at her altar (550) 
Pay him their annual vows, and adore him with prayers and oblations. 
These by Menestheus, Petion's warlike son, were commanded, 
Equal to whom no chief upon earth was found, in arraying 
Horses and shielded troops, and disposing them sagely for battle, 
None, save Nestor alone, for his years and experience were greater. 
These in a squadron of fifty vessels were borne o'er the waters. 

Salamis sent twelve ships with the great Telamonian Aias : 
These he arranged in order beside the Athenian phalanx. 

Those who inhabited Argos, Hermione, fortified Tiryns, 
Eione, Trcezene, and, famed for its vines, Epidaurus, (560) 

(Cities which Asine's deep-indented inlet encircles); 
Those who, Achaians by birth, possessed ^Egina and Mases, 
Those Diomedes, great in the roar of battle, commanded. 
Sthenelus, Capaneus' son, the delight and pride of his father 
Came, with Euryalus, godlike in strength, but third in precedence. 
(Great Mecisteus' son, and king Talai'on's grandson. 
Both co?nmanders, both under warlike Diomed serving. 
Fourscore sable ships their followers bore der the waters. 

Next came the men of Mycenae adorned with magnificent temples, 
Those too of rich Corinthus, and those of stately Cleonae, (570) 
Beauteous Araethureia's fields and the groves of Orneia, 
Sicydn, where erst Adrastus reigned in the days of his splendour, 
Fair Hyperesia's plains, and high, rock-perched Gonoessa; 
Those who possessed Pellene, and those whom zEgius nurtured, 
Those on the coast who dwelt, where Helice slopes to the seaward. 
There in an hundred ships the Prince Agamemnon assembled 
Atreus' son. In numbers surpassing all, as in valour 
Mustered his force. Himself in refulgent arms and in glory 
Consciously first, and proudly preeminent, moved among heroes, 
Bravest where all were brave, and mightiest, where many were mighty. (5 80) 

Warriors from wide Lacedaemon's defiles and hollow recesses, 
Phare, Sparta, and Messa where doves unceasingly murmur, 
Fair Bryseia's domain, and the charming fields of Augeia, 



4 o THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IT. 

Those in Amycle bred, and the sea-girt city of Helos, 
Those who inhabited Laas and those whom CEtylus nurtured, 
These Menelaus, great in the roar of battle, commanded: 
Threescore ships they filled; but they sailed apart from his brother's. 
La?ided, he flew through their ranks, each soul with ardour inspiring 
Fierce as his own: for his heart was burning within him for vengeance, 
Vengeance for Helena's tears, from his bosom torn, and her suff'rings. (590) 

Those who in Pylos dwelt, and the beauteous plains of Arene, 
Thryos, hard by the fords of Alphaeus, and ^Epy the stately, 
Those who in Cyparisseis and Amphigeneia were nurtured, 
Pteleus also, and Helos, and Dorium; there where the Muses 
Thamyris met, the Thracian bard from GEchalia's frontier, 
Journeying homeward by Eurytus' stream, and rendered him songless. 
Vain of his skill, he dared defy the Olympian sisters, 
Vaunting himself for more than their match in the art of the minstrel. 
They, at the boast indignant, withdrew the gifts they had lavished, 
Blasted his sight, and blotted the light of song from his spirit. (600) 
These the Gerenian horseman Nestor led to the combat; 
Fourscore and ten were the hollow ships which bore them to Troia. 

Next came Arcadia's sons, from the skirts of lofty Cyllene 
Near unto ^Epytus' tomb : men prompt with their foemen to grapple ; 
Those from Pheneus, those from rich Orchomenos' pastures, 
Ripe, and Stratie too, and the breezy heights of Enisp6, 
Those in Tegea who dwelt, and in fair Mantinea's vallies, 
On the Stymphalian plain, and on snowy Parrhasia's uplands; 
These Agapenor led, the princely son of Ancseus. 
Threescore ships they filled, and in each were Arcadian warriors (610) 
Num'rous and brave, well tried in the practice of war and its hardships. 
Ships of their own they had none. With these Agamemnon supplied them, 
Fully equipt o'er the dark blue waves to bear them in safety. 
All unused as they were to the sea, and the. craft of the seaman. 

Those from Buprasium next and the sacred city of Elis, 
All from between Hyrmine* and Myrsinus' uttermost frontier 
Up to th' Olenian rock and the bounding stream of Aleisus. 
These in forty ships four leaders followed, in squadrons 
Ten under each, and many Epeians mustered on board them. 



Book II.] THE ILTAD OF HOMER. 41 

One by Amphimachus, Cteatus' son, was conducted, another (620) 
Thalpius, Eurytus' son and grandson of Actor, commanded; 
Brave Diores the third, Amaryncus' son ; and the squadron 
Fourth in order divine Polyxeinus brought o'er the ocean: 
Noble Agasthenes' son, and grandson of royal Augseas. 

Those from Dulichium, — those from the sacred isles of Echinse 
Dwellers across the water, from opposite Elis divided, 
Followed the fortunes of Meges, a warrior equal to Ares, 
Son of the bold knight Phyleus, beloved of Zeus; who impatient 
Under his father's control, to Dulichium fled for protection, 
Whence, with forty ships, he joined the array of the Grecians. (630) 

Noble Odysseus led the brave Cephalenian warriors, 
Those who in Ithaca dwelt and in Neritus' quivering forests, 
Those who around Crocyleia and rugged ^Egilips harboured, 
Who in Zacynthus dwelt and the Samian isle, and the region 
Ranging along th' opposing mainland coast of Epirus, 
These were the men by Odysseus led, Jove's equal in counsel. 
Twelve in number his ships ; whose sides with vermilion were painted. 

Thoas, Andrasmon's son, ^Etolia's forces commanded; 
Those from Pleuron, from Olenos those, and those of Pylene, 
Chalcis close on the sea, and Calydon's rocky recesses. (640) 

Passed from life were the sons of magnanimous CEneus ; their father 
Seen upon earth no more, nor the fair-hair'd chief Meleager; 
Therefore to Thoas' sway was ^Etolia's sceptre intrusted : 
Forty sable ships conveyed his troops o'er the ocean. 

Next by Idomeneus led, came the ivarlike host of the Cretans. 
Those from Gnossus and strong Gortyn&'s fortified precincts 
Lyctus, Miletus too, and the white-gleaming walls of Lycastus, 
Phaestus, and Rhytium, towns in wealth and in people abounding: 
These and each beside of the hundred cities of Creta 
Sent forth their sons, by Idomeneusled, the redoubtable spearman, (650) 
Joined with Merion, brave as the God of war in the battle; 
Fourscore sable ships these warriors conveyed o'er the waters. 

Next came Tlepolemus brave, in strength and stature excelling: 
Hercules' son. Nine ships of warriors fierce he commanded 
Sent by the three confederate Rhodian states, Ialyssus, 



42 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book II. 

Lindus, and fair Cameirus, whose walls gleam white in the sunbeam. 
These Tlepolemus led, that bold and redoubtable spearman. 
Him fair Astyocheia bore to the might of Herakles, 
Whom from the smoking ruins of many a populous city 
Captive he carried from Ephyre's land, and the stream of Sellei's. (660) 
Young Tlepolemus, grown to man's estate in the palace, 
Straightway his father's maternal uncle, a scion of Ares 
Ancient Licymnius, slew, whom his father loved; and a navy 
Building in haste, escaped with an host of followers, flying 
Far o'er the seas — for he dreaded the threats and wrath of his brothers, 
And of their sons, and the powerful house of mighty Herakles. 
Hardships many they bore, till in Rhodes they finally landed; 
There, divided in tribes, three cities they built ; and Kronion, 
Ruler of Gods and men, looked down with favour upon them, 
Prospered their handy work, and poured on them wealth in abun- 
dance. (670) 

Nireus three trim gallies from Syme led o'er the ocean, 
Nireus, of royal Charopus born and graceful Aglaia, 
Nireus ! the goodliest man of the Greeks who at Ilion mustered 
(Save Peleides alone, the faultless in form and in feature), 
Feeble albeit in fight, and few the troops he commanded. 

Those in Nisyrus who dwelt, in Crapathus also and Casos, 
And in Calydna's isles, and in Cos, Eurypylus' city; 
These by Pheidippus and Antiphus, warlike brothers, commanded, 
Thessalus' sons, — a prince of the great Heracleidean lineage : 
Thirty ships their followers bore o'er the desolate ocean. (680) 

Now must I tell of those who dwelt in Pelasgian Argos, 
Those from Alos, from Alope those, and those of Trechin6, 
Phthia, and Hellas famed as the land of beautiful women. 
Myrmidons those, but these were Hellenes called and Achaians, 
Following in fifty ships the fortunes of noble Achilles. 
All unmindful of war were they now, and the din of the battle; 
Chief was there none to marshall their ranks and lead them to glory. 
Mighty Achilles, swift in the race, lay aloof a?id indignant, 
Close in his ships; embittered by rage for the fair-hair'd Briseis 
Whom fromLyrnessus he bore; after many a desperate struggle (690) 



Book II.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 43 

Sacking the town, and destroying the walls and city of Thebe. 
There Mynetes he struck to the earth and Epistrophus, spearmen 
Stalwart, Evenius' sons, of the royal line of Selepias: 
Now was he plunged in grief — but soon to arise in his fury. 

Those who in Phylace dwelt and in Pyrrhasus' flowery borders, 
Sacred to Ceres ; — Iton, the nurse of flocks and their shepherds, 
Antron close to the sea, and the rich Pteleian pastures, 
Were by Protesilaiis, while yet surviving, commanded. 
He now, alas ! in the darksome earth reposed, and his widow 
Tearing her hair was left, her cheeks all furrowed and bleeding (700) 
There in his half-finished palace at Pylace. First of the Grecians 
Bravely he leaped from his ship, and fell by the lance of a Trojan. 
Not that a leader they lacked though grieved for the loss of their chieftain. 
Now they obeyed Podarces brave, a scion of Ares, 
Own dear brother by birth of magnanimous Protesilaiis, 
Grandson of Phylaiis wealthy in flocks, and son of Iphiclus. 
Both were brave, but Protesilaiis the elder and braver : 
Both were leaders of worth, and the troops with their j 'outhful commander 
Cheerfully served, though regretting the chief who formerly led them. 
Forty sable vessels conveyed this force der the ocean. (l 10 ) 

Those who in Pherae dwelt, on the Bcebian lake, and the city 
Bcebe, and Glaphyrae too, and the neat-built town of Iolchus, 
These in elev'n dark ships embarked and were led by Eumelus, 
Dearly beloved by his parents Admetus and heavenly Alcestis, 
Fairest in feature and form of all the daughters of Pelias. 

Those in Thaumasia bred, and those who dwelt in Methone, 
Who Meliboea possessed, and the rugged heights of Olizon, 
These under Philocletes, renowned for his archery, mustered; 
Sev'n were the ships they filled, and in each the rowers were fifty, 
Skilled with unerring aim to deal forth the shafts of destruction. (720) 
He, their chief meanwhile, lay groaning in anguish and helpless ; 
Left by the Greeks on Lemnos' sacred isle, on their passage, 
Struck well-nigh unto death by the venomed fangs of a serpent. 
Grieving he lay : but the time was at hand when Greece should remember 
Him they had left to pi?ie, a?id long for their lost Philocletes. 
Yet uncommanded his troops were not, though grieved at his absence; 



44 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book II. 

Medon, bastard son of Oileus, led them to battle, 
Medon, by Rhene born to Oi'leus, razer of cities. 

Those who from Tricca came, and the rugged crags of Ithome, 
Those in CEchalia born, by CEchalian Eurytus governed, (730) 

Those Podalirius join'd with Machaon, skilful physicians, 
Led to the war; — two brothers, divine Asclepias' offspring. 
These in a squadron of thirty ships were transported to Troia. 

Those in Ormenium bred and around Hypereia's fountain, 
Those upon Titanus' snow-clad heights and Asterium nurtured, 
Were by Eurypylus led, the valiant son of Evaemon : 
Him they followed, in forty sable ships der the ocean. 

Those whom Argissa, those Gyrtone sent to the army, 
Orthe, Elone, and thy white-gleaming walls, Oloosson : 
Those Polypcetes mighty and stern in battle commanded. (740) 
Him to PeirithoUs, son of Zeus, the renowned among women 
Hippodameia bore, on the selfsame day when Peirithous 
Routed the shaggy Centaurs, and forth from their caves, and the forests 
Waving on Pelion's sides, unto wild ^Ethicia drove them. 
Nor was he sole in command. Leonteus, scion of Ares, 
Fought by his side, the son of Coronus, and grandson of Caeneus : 
Forty vessels their followers bore der the desolate ocean. 

Twenty and two were the ships under Guneus from Cyphus as- 
sembled ; 
These th' Enienians filled, and the warriors bold of Peraebe, 
Those whom Dodona's oaks scarce screened from her pitiless tempests, 
Those in the region who dwelt where fair Titaresius gliding (751) 
Pours into Peneus' stream his pure and crystalline waters. 
All unmixed with its silvery flood, like oil on the surface 
Floating, their seaward course they pursue : for in Styx is their fountain, 
Pledge of that dreadful oath by the Gods revered and by mortals. 

Prothoiis last, Tenthredon's son, renowned for his fleetness, 
Led the Magnetian bands, who from Peneus' flowery margin 
Came, and from Pelion's shaggy sides and quivering forests : 
Him they followed in forty sable ships der the ocean. 

These were the Princes of Greece, and these the chief of her armies (760) 
Now, then, recite O Muse ! among all who came with th' Atreidae 



Book II.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 45 

Which were the bravest chiefs, and the most renowned of their horses. 
Far the best of the steeds were those of the grandson of Pheres, 
Those which Eumelus drove. No bird surpassed them in fleetness, 
Like in colour and age, and equal in height by the level. 
Mares were they both ; by Apollo himself in Pieria nurtured, 
Trained up to whirl the thundering car, and the terrors of Ares. 
Bravest among the chiefs was the great Telamonian Aias 
Now that Achilles was absent (for he was superior in all things, 
Faultless in all : and his horses were better than those of Eumelus) ; (7 70) 
He, meanwhile, in his ships all ready for sea, lay breathing 
Vengeance against Agamemnon the shepherd and guide of the people, 
Atreus' son; while his troops o'er the beach were scattered; in pastime 
Hurling the quoit, or the jav'lin darting, or aiming the arrow. 
Drooping and spiritless now each courser stood by his chariot, 
Leisurely feeding on lotus and parsley leaves from the marshes. 
Carefully mantled, the cars of the chiefs stood useless and idle. 
They through the camp, now here, now there, went listlessly wand'ring, 
Longing to join in fight and deploring their Prince's inaclio?i. 

Now, like a fiery deluge, devouring the earth in its progress (780) 
Swept on their march the Greeks, and the plain resounding beneath them 
Roared, as in answer to thundering Zeus, when the bolts of his anger 
Smite on th' accursed soil where Typhosus writhes in his tormejit, 
Whelmed and entombed (so fame declares) beneath Arime's mountains. 
Thus re-echoed the earth to their measured tread, as advancing (785) 
Quickly they cleared the space which divided the camp from the city. [785] 

Iris, swift as the wind, from vEgis-bearing Kronion 
Now to the Trojans was sent, and dread were the tidings she carried. 
Old and young were met in the porch of the palace of Priam 
Counsel to take. Th' assembly was formed and the meeting was 
open'd, (790) 

When, in Polites' shape, and his voice assuming, among them [790] 
Iris appeared, and at once as the son of Priam addressed them, 
Who from the summit of old iEsyetus' tomb was observing 
Watchful, each move of the Greeks, a?id alert, to announce on the instant 
When from their ships they advanced; to his fleetness trusting for safety. 
Such was the form she took, and these were the words that she uttered. 



46 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book II. 



" Old and revered as thou art, here sitt'st thou fondly debating 
Ev'n as if all were peace ; — while war comes thick ning around thee ! 
Many a muster of troops, and many a fight have I witnessed : 
Yet did mine eyes ne'er view so vast, so mighty an army. (800) 
On they sweep, like leaves in the woods, like sand on the sea-beach [800] 
Swarming o'er all the plain and making straight for the city. 
Hector ! (for thee I chiefly advise) let this be thy conduct : 
Many and brave are th' auxiliar troops in our city assembled, 
Various the tongues they speak and various the races they spring from ; 
Each to its own accustomed chief let these be entrusted : 
Thou shalt thyself our native pow'r array for the combat." 

Thus she spake : nor did Hector mistake the celestial accents ; 
But the assembly dissolved. All rushed to arms at his orders. 
Wide were the gates thrown open; and forth the multitude issued (8 10) 
Footmen and horse ; mid the clash of their arms and the rattle of chariots. 

Far on the plain of Troy, but straight in front of the city, 
Rises a lofty mound, unfenc'd and open on all sides, 
Known as the hill Bateia, when named in the language of mortals, 
But among Gods as the tomb of the deftly-bounding Myrinne. 
There did the Trojans with all their allies make ready for battle. 

Hector, lord of the waving plume, commanded the Trojans, 
Son of old Priam their king. With him was the strength of the army; 
Spearmen, num'rous and brave; each skilled in the use of his weapons. 

Next came the Dardan force, by ^Eneas, son of Anchises (820) 
Led to the fight. Him Venus bore to his father Anchises, [820] 
Woo'd in fair Ida's groves, and mingling in love with a mortal. 
Joined with him in command, the two brave sons of Antenor 
Acamas came and Archilochus, chiefs of experience and conduct. 

Those at the foot of Ida who dwelt, on the plain of Zeleia 
Teeming with wealth, and who drank thy turbid water, ^Esepus, 
Trojans by nation, were led by the valiant son of Lycaon, 
Pandarus, gifted by Phoebus' self with his bow and his quiver. 

Those who possessed Adreste, and those of rural Apsesus, 
Those of Piteia, those from the tow'ring heights of Tereia, (830) 
These Adrastus, and he of the corslet of linen, Amphius, [830] 
Sons of Percosian Merops, led. Their father forbade them, 



Book II.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 47 

Skilled as he was in prophetic lore, to go forth with the army, 
Tempting their fate in destructive war. But vain was his warning, 
Vain his command : for the darksome paths of death were before them. 

Those who around Percote, and Praclius dwelt, and Arisb6, 
Sestos, and those of the close-confronting shore of Abydos, 
Asius, Hyrtacus' son, and a Prince among heroes, commanded: 
Asius, proud of his large and fiery steeds from Arisbe, 
Borne by their might in his car from the flowery banks of Sellei's. (840) 

Next by Hippothous led were the fierce Pelasgian warriors, [840] 
Those of the tribes who Larissa's fertile region inhabit. 
He with his brother Pylaeus was joined, a scion of Ares, 
Grandsons of Teutamus both, and sons of Pelasgian Lethus. 

Warriors from Thracia's bounds, by the swift-flowing Hellespont 
bordered, 
Flocked to the standard of Acamas bold and the hero Piroiis. 

Under Euphemus, son of the heav'n-descended Troezenus, 
Grandson of Ceas, marched the brave Ciconian spearmen. 

Armed with their crooked bows the Paeonians came, from Amydon ; 

These by Pyraechmes were led, from afar, from the wide-flowing 

Axius, (850) 

Axius, the fairest stream which the Sun beholds in his circuit. [850] 

Stern Pylaemenes led the Paphlagonian warriors 
Who from Enitia came, where mules run wild in the pastures. 
Those who possessed Cytorus, and those whom Sesamus nurtured, 
Those who the far-famed towns by Parthenius waters inhabit, 
Cromna, ^Egialus too, and the slopes of steep Erythina. 

Hodius the Halizonians led, and Epistrophus, quitting 
Alybe's distant realm, in mines of silver abounding. 

Chromis the Mysians led, with Ennomus, famed as an augur: 
Yet whom no bird by its flight could warn of impending 
destruction, (860) 

Destined, alas ! to fall by the hand of mighty Achilles, [860] 

Rolled to the sea by Scamander's flood, with many a Trojan. 

Phorcis and godlike Ascanius led the Phrygian warriors 
Eager and panting for fight, from far Ascania's frontier. 

Mesthles and Antiphus led the brave Maeonian forces, 



48 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book II. 

Raised where Tmolus rears his wide o'ershadowing summit; 
Both were Talsemenes' sons, by a nymph of the Lake Gygsea. 

Nastes the Carians led, of a rude and barbarous language, 
Men from Miletus, Phtheira with forests crown'd, and the margin 
Green of the clear Meander, and Mycale's steep; with his bro- 
ther [86 9 ]=(87o) 
Joined in command, Amphimachus. Both were sons of Nomion, [871] 
Both were brave : but Amphimachus decked with gold like a maiden 
Rode to the fight ; and his glitt'ring gauds availed not to save him 
Or to avert black death: by the hand of mighty Achilles 
Slain in Scamander's flood, and his gold was the spoil of the victor. 

Last, but not least in fame were Sarpedon and Glaucus the blameless. 
Leading the Lycian bands from the banks of eddying Xanthus. (877) 



THE ILIAD. 



BOOK III. 



BOOK THE THIRD. 



Argument. 



The Greek and Trojan armies advance to battle. Paris challenges the 
bravest of the Greeks. Menelaiis comes forwa?-d to oppose him, at sight of 
whom Paris retreats: but being rebuked by Heel or for his cowardice^ 
declares himself ready to meet him in single combat. The terms of the 
combat a?'e agreed on. Priam and the nobles of Troy assenible on the 
walls and are joined by Helen at the' summons of Iris. At Priam's 
request she points oict the principal Greek leadej's to him. Priam being 
called 071 ratifies the terms of the combat. They fight. Paris is worsted; 
but saved by Aphrodite, who carries him to Troy, where he is joined by 
Helen; to whom the Goddess reconciles him. Paris having thus quitted 
the field, Agamemnon claims the fulfilment of the terms of the treaty. 



ILIAD. BOOK III. 



IVTOW was each host arrayed by its leader's care for the combat 

On came the Trojans like birds in a flock, with shouting and 
clamour, 
As, from the sky loud clanging, the cranes set forth on their voyage, 
Leaving behind them the storms and the ceaseless rain of the winter; 
Winging their noisy flight to the utmost verge of the ocean; 
Bearing death and destructive war to the race of the Pygmies 
When, as at early dawn, like a cloud they descend on the region. 

Breathing united force the Greeks pressed forward in silence, 
Firmly resolved, each man, to stand to the death by his comrades. 

As when Notus hath breathed his mist o'er the crest of the moun- 
tains, (10) 
Held by the shepherd in dread; more welcome than night to the robber; 
Hardly so far as a stone may be flung can aught be distinguished; 
Thus in an eddying whirl of dust both armies advancing 
Swept o'er the plain; and at speed the space between them was traversed. 

Now, ere they closed in fight, each rapidly nearing the other, 
Foremost in front of the Trojans outstept from the ranks Alexandres, 
Godlike in feature and form: a panther's skin o'er his shoulders 
Flung, with his crooked bow, and his sword. Two lances he brandished 
Pointed with bronze, and loudly defiant, he challenged the Grecians, 
Vaunting himself a match for the best and bravest among them. (20) 
Him no sooner beheld the indignant chief Menelaiis 
Strutting in insolent guise thus boldly in front of the armies, 
Than, as a hungry lion o'er some rich quarry rejoices, 
Some great stag with branching horns, or goat of the mountain, 



5 2 THE ILIAD OE HOMER. [Book III. 

When with a spring he seizes, and tears it down, and devours it ; 
Reckless of dogs fierce baying around or the shouts of\h<z hunters: 
So Menelaiis rejoiced, that form divine and those features 
When with his eyes he beheld, most hateful. Then of his vengeance 
Certain at length, he leaped to the ground full-armed from his chariot. 
Him when now Alexander beheld advancing to meet him, (30) 
Struck to the heart with terror and shame, at once he retreated, 
Plunging amid the host of his friends and shunning destruction. 
As when a traveller, deep in the tangled brake of a mountain 
Comes unawares on a snake; with trembling knees and in horror 
Back he recoils with a start, and a paleness spreads o'er his features. 
Thus shrank back Alexander among the magnanimous Trojans, 
Dreading the sight of the man he had injured, fell Menelaiis. 

This when Hector beheld, with reproachful words he assailed him : 
11 Paris ! too fatally fair ! seducer of women ! deceiver ! 
Would thou hadst never been born, or died ere thine ill-omened muptials. (40) 
That would I rather have seen : and that for thyself had been better, 
Than to stand forth, the scandal and scorn of the hosts who behold thee. 
Well may the long-hair'd Greeks break forth in these shouts ^/"derision, 
Looking for martial deeds from so gay, so handsome a hero : 
Looking in vain ! for strength thou hast none, nor spirit within thee. 
How could'st thou dare, being such as thou art, to set forth on thy voyage 
(Manning thy sea-going ships with the choicest youth of our city), 
Prank it in foreign courts; and elope with the fairest of women, 
Widow and consort of martial chiefs in the Apian country; 
Making thyself a curse to thy father, thy city, and nation; (50) 
Triumph and joy to thy foes; to thyself a reproach and abasement? 
Had'st thou but dared one moment to stand and confront Menelaiis, 
Soon thou hadst learned what manner of man should be Helena's husband ! 
Then would thy harp nought avail, nor the gifts of bright Aphrodite, 
Nought thy fair ringlets rolled in the dust, nor the grace ofxhy figure! 
Were but the Trojans true to themselves, ere this we had seen thee 
Wrapped in thy last dark mantle of stone for the woes thou hast wrought 
them." 

Thus then replied Alexander the Godlike in form and in feature : 
4 'Just, O Hector, indeed, though severe, are the words thou hast spoken. 



Book III.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



53 



Firm is ever thine heart and unworn, like the axe which the ship- 
wright (60) 
Drives through the knotted oak when he shapes some beam for his 

vessel; 
True to his hand, and seconding well the strength that impels it : 
Such is the firm and constant mind which dwells in thy bosom. 
Yet undervalue thou not the gifts of bright Aphrodite. 
Beauty and valour alike as the Gods' rich gifts should be honoured, 
Granted to whom they love: not yielded to prayer or to longing. 
Yet woulgls't thou have me advance, and stand committed to combat? 
Halt thy troops and let all, both Greeks and Trojans, be seated. 
Place me at once in the midst, confronted with grim Menelaus. 
Here on the spot will we fight it out, for the dame and the treasure. (70) 
He who shall prove the better man and shall conquer the other, 
His be the spoil, and Helen the fair, and home let him bear them. 
Then be a treaty by oath confirmed. So shall ye, O ye Trojans, 
Dwell on your fertile fields in peace ; and the Greeks shall revisit 
Argos famed for its steeds, and Achaia the land of the lovely." 

Thus he spake. But Heclor rejoiced when he heard the proposal. 
Stepping in front of his troops he repressed their ranks, with his jav'lin 
Levelled and held by the middle athwart, and made them be seated. 
Instantly many a bow was drawn by the long-hair'd Achaians, 
Many a spear was aimed, and stones came flying around him, (80) 
But Agamemnon the king from afar loud shouted his orders : 

"Hold! on your lives. Not a spear be hurled, ye sons of Achaia! 
Crest-waving Heclor stands forth, having somewhat to say. Let us hear 
him." 
Thus he spake: and the Greeks restrained their assault and were 
silent. 
Hector then, advancing between both armies, addressed them : 
"Listen! ye Trojans all, and ye bright-greaved sons of Achaia, 
What Alexander, with whom began this quarrel, proposes. 
Greeks and Trojans alike lay down your glittering weapons 
Here on the grassy plain and await the issue in silence; 
While, in the sight of all, himself and brave Menelaus (90) 

Singly and hand to hand shall fight for the dame and the treasure. 



54 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book III. 



> v 



* 



' •■ 



Whoso shall prove the better man and shall conquer the other, 
His be the spoil, and Helen the fair, and home let him bear them : 
Then be a treaty by oath confirmed, and let peace be between us." 

Thus he spake : and all maintained a reverent silence 
Till Menelaiis, great in the roar of battle, responded : 
"Hear me too: for 'tis I who am injuredjmine is the suff'ring. 
Fain would I see this strife composed, and the Greeks and the Trojans 
Parted as friends : for many and great are the woes ye have suffered 
In this quarrel of mine, for the outrage of mad Alexandros. (too) 
"Which of the two shall fall — let fate a/Id prowess decide it. 
One must die. Then peace be proclaimed and the armies be parted. 
Now then, ye Trojans! bring two lambs; a male and a black one 
Due to the Earth ; to the Sun a white and a female ; Another 
We will for Zeus provide. And bring ye Priam in person 
All to confirm by oath (for his sons are false and o'erweening), 
So that the truce of Jove by no reckless hand may be broken. 
Ever the spirit of younger men is fickle and headstrmg; 
Only from severed age which li?iks the past with the future 
Looking before and after, can justice and faith be expected." 
Thus he spake. Both Greeks and Trojans rejoiced when 
hear^l him, 

^Hoping at length for peace and respite from war and its labours. 
Reining back his steeds to the foremost ranks of the footmen 
Each brave chief horn his chariot sprang, and each -with his soldiers 
Doffed their resplendent arms and laid them closely in order, 
Small being the space arpund. Then Hector despatched to the city 
Heralds in haste to provide two lambs, and Priain to summon. 
King Agamemnon the while Talthybius sent to the vessels, 
Bidding him there select an unblemished lamb for the offring. 
* Forth he sped, and with small delay was his errand accomplished. (120) 
% Iris now to the white-armed Helena came with a message, 
Like^feer fair sister-in-law Laodice daughter of Priam, 
Loveliest of all his daughters; the wife of Prince Helicaon, 
Son of the sage Antenor : and Helen she found in her palace, 
Weaving an ample web, in whose close and tapestried texture, 
Gorgeous with many a hue, were displayed the feats of the herees, 



(no) 
they 



Book III.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 55 

Horse-taming Trojans and bronze-mailed Greeks who had fought 

in her quarrel, 
All thsy had dared, and all endured from the ruler of battles. 
Standing beside her, thus then spake the swift-footed Iris : 

"Haste, dear Lady! with me, and behold a sight will surprisethee; (130) 
Horse-taming Trojans and bronze-mailed Greeks desisting from conflict. 
They, who so oft in the field have closed in mutual slaughter, 
(Cause oifull ma?iy a tear) and rejoiced in the horrors of battle, 
Now sit peaceful and silent, each man on his buckler reclining. 
Plunged are their spears in the ground, and the clai7iour of war is 

•suspended, 
While on the space between, Alexander and fierce Menelaiis 
Wield their long spears in fight; and thyself, the prize they contend for, 
Henceforth art doomed to be called the wife of him who shall conquer." 

Thus spake the Goddess; and sweet, sad longings inspired in her 
bosom. 
Country — parents — her former Lord, all rushed on her fancy. (140) 
Dropping a tender tear she arose, and forth from her chamber 
Hasted, her beauteous form in a snow-white mantle involving, 
Not unattended ; for two fair handmaids close on her footsteps 
^Ethra, Pittheus' daughter, and large-eyed Clymen6 followed. 
Soon • to the Scaean gate they came, where already assembled 
Priam she found, and the sages of Troy around him ; Thymcetes, 
.Panthoiis, Clytius, Lampus, and, offspring of Mars, Hicetaon, 
Near him Ucalegon sate and Antenor, prudent in council, 
Elders both of the people : all loved by Priain and trusted: 
Warworn chiefs who no longer fought — yet eloquent speakers, (150) 
Garrulous: like the cicadas that people th© pine in the forest, 
Chirping their shrill and musical song as they bask in the sunbeam; 
Such were the Trojan chiefs who sate looking forth from the rampart. 
These, when Helena now they beheld, on the rampart approaching, 
Thus in an under-tone exchanged their thoughts with each other : 

"Who can wonder or blame that the bright-armed Greeks and the 
Trojans 
Year after year for so glorious a woman have fought and have suffered? 
Lo I whe?-e she comes, like a Goddess immortal in face and in person ! 



5 6 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book III. 

Albeit, fair as she is, Heav'n grant her speedy departure! 

So shall destruclion andwoe be spared to ourselves and our children." (160) 

Thus they whispered; but Priam, to Helena calling, addressed her: 
"Come, dear child! advance to the front and seat thee beside me, 
Where thou may'st see thy former spouse, thy friends and relations. 
(Thee by no means I blame. To thegpods alone I attribute 
All the destructive war which the Greeks are waging against me. ) 
Come then: name me that portly chief so distinguished among them, 
Him thou see'st in the front; that tall and vigorous leader. 
Ne'er did mine eyes behold so majestic a man, or so goodly. 
Others indeed are there who in strength and stature surpass him : 
That man however excels them all, for he moves like a sov'reign." (170) 

Helena then these words returned, the divine among women: 
"Shrinking with rev'rence and fear, dear Father-in-law, I approach thee. 
Would I had rather the bitterest death preferred to forsaking 
Friends, and my wedded lord, and my darling child, and the playmates 
Dear of my innocent youth, to follow thy son o'er the ocean. 
So was it not to be ! and in grief and in tears I bewail it. 
Yet what thou seek'st to know, as in duty bound will I tell thee. 
There thou behold' st Atreides, the wide ruling King Agamemnon, 
Statesman a?id warrior; good as a prince and brave as a captain. 
Once (it seems like a dream) he called me shameless his Sister." 

Helena ceased, and admiringly thus old Priam responded: (181) 
"Happy Atreides! Blest in thy birth, thrice blest in thy fortunes, 
Blest in the subject Greeks who in such vast numbers obey thee! 
Once to the Phrygian land I came — the land of the vineyard. 
There I beheld that countless host of the Phrygian horsemen 
Swift as the wind; the troops of godlike Mygdon and Otreus 
Camped on Sangarius' banks : and mine were numbered among them, 
Join'd in friendly alliance; what time came down to oppose us, 
Rivals in courage of men, the fierce Amazonian squadrons. 
Yet far fewer were these than the bright-eyed sons of Achaia." (190) 

After a pause the king resumed, beholding Odysseus: 
"Tell me I pray thee now, dear child, the name of the warrior 
There whom I see; in stature less than tall Agamemnon; 
Broader however in shoulders, and chest This well I distinguish 



Book III.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. S7 

Since he hath doffed his armour, and there on the ground it is scattered. 
Stately and slow meanwhile, like a ram, through his soldiers he passes. 
Aptly, methinks indeed, to a thick-fleeced ram I compare him 
Ranging through some great flock of snow-white sheep in the pastures." 

Helena thus, from Zeus descended, replied to his question: 
"That is the wise Laertes' son, much-scheming Odysseus, (200) 

Nurtured in Ithaca's realm — rough nurse for so shrewd a cofitriver, 
Practised in every wile, and prudent in every counsel." 

Sage Antenor took up the word, and thus he addressed her: 
"Lady! thy word is truth itself. Right well I re7?ieniber 
When in thine own behalf, by Greece commissioned, Odysseus 
Came to propose some terms to Troy with brave Menelaiis; 
How to my lot it fell to receive them both in my palace. 
Thus did I clearly discern the genius of each, and his temper. 
When with th' assembled Trojans they came, together, in council, 
Standing indeed, Menelaiis by head and shoulders o'ertopped him, (210) 
Sitting however, Odysseus appeared more grave and majestic. 
When in the presence of all they unfolded the web of their purpose, 
Arguing the matter in hand, — Menelaiis was eager and hurried, 
Brief, and sparing of words, yet clear; and direct to his object 
All that he said; not loquacious, nor wild in his talk, though the younger. 
But when Odysseus rose, that man of many devices, 
Fixing his down-cast eyes on the ground he stood : nor his sceptre 
Swayed, either this way or that like a practised speaker; but held it 
Motionless, ev'n as a man unskilled in the arts of persuasion. 
One would declare him mute with passion or wanting in judgement. (220) 
But when he spoke, when his powerful voice went forth from his bosom, 
Issuing in words which fell like flakes of snow in the winter, 
Surely no mortal man might hope to compete with Odysseus. 
Lost in wonder we sate: but not, as before, at his manner." 

Aias beholding, thus, for the third time questioned the monarch : 
"Name me, I pray thee, now, that mighty and vigorous chieftain, 
Tow'ring o'er all the Greeks by his head and th' expanse ofhis shoulders." 

Thus did the long-robed Helen reply, the divine among women : 
"That is the mighty Aias, the bulwark and strength of Achaia. 
There, on the other side, Idomeneus stands with his Cretans, (230) 



5 8 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book III. 

Like to a God; and around him the chieftains of Crete are collected. 
Often to brave Menelaiis an honoured guest, in our palace 
Kindly received and welcomed, he came, and sojourned among us. 
Others, and many there are of the keen-eyed eyed sons of Achaia 
Whom I could name by name ; for well I remember their features. 
Two, however, in vain I seek, two princely commanders, 
Both my own brothers, both from my own dear mother descended ; 
Castor the horseman bold ; Polydeuces unmatched with the caestus. 
Have they, perchance not followed their friends from fair Lacedaemon? 
Or if indeed with the rest they have ploughed the wave in their 
vessels (240) 

Hold they aloof from the host, and refuse to join in the contest, 
Dreading the stain and reproach of a cause so foul as their sister's?" 

Thus she spake. But both th' all-fostering earth in her bosom 
Long had received, in the land of their birth, their lov'd Lacedaemon. 

Now were the Heralds arrived who the offerings bore through the city, 
Both the lambs, and generous wine, earth's genial produce, 
Sealed up in goatskin flasks : and a bowl the herald Idasus 
Bore, of resplendent silver, and goblets of gold, for libation. 
Taking his station beside the king, this summons he uttered: 
'Reverend son of Laomedon! rise. The chieftains expecl. thee, (250) 
Horse-taming Trojans and bronze-mail'd Greeks. They attend thy arrival 
There in the field below, to confirm with an oath their agreement. 
Then shall thy son Alexander and Mars-beloved Menelaiis 
Meet with protended spears, and fight for the dame and the treasure. 
He who may conquer shall take them both, and in peace shall possess 

them. 
We, thenceforth, who the compact accept and with oaths have confirmed 

it, 
Here in our fertile Troia will dwell; while they shall revisit 
Argos famed for its steeds, and Achaia the land of the lovely." 

Thus Idseus ; and shudd'ring, the summons he heard, and the horses 
Straightway bade yoke to the car. This soon th' attendants accomplish- 
ed. (260) 
Mounting at once, the reins he seized. Antenor beside him 
Stood in the beauteous chariot; and forth they sped, and the horses 



Book III.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 59 

Flew through the Scaean gate to the plain where the chiefs were assembled, 
Trojans and Greeks. When now they were come to the place of assembly, 
Down from the chariot fair on the fruitful earth they alighted, 
And to the midst advanced, both hosts making way to receive them. 
Straightway arose from his seat the king of men Agamemnon, 
Up rose Odysseus the wise. And now v th' illustrious heralds 
Brought together the mutual pledges, and duly commingled 
Wine in the bowl. Then water they poured on the hands of the 

sov'reigns ; ( 2 7°) 

Next Agamemnon drew with his hands a sharp-edged poniard 
Which from the mighty sheath of his sword hung ever suspended, 
Cropping with this their wool from the heads of the lambs : and the 

heralds 
Handed it round, a portion to each of the Princes assembled. 
Loud then prayed Agamemnon, his hands uplifted to Heaven : 
"Father Zeus! most great, most glorious, ruling from Ida; 
Thou, too, all-seeing Sun ! who hear'st our words and rememVrest; 
Fountains and Streams ! Thou Earth ! and ye Pow'rs beneath it, who 

punish 
Perjur'd mortals beyond the grave ! I call you to witness. 
Hear what we swear, and sanction the league we make in your 

presence. (280) 

Should it befal that in fight Alexandros slay Menelaiis, 
Helena then be his own. We yield all claim to the treasure. 
Forthwith then in our sea-going ships we take our departure. 
But should the yellow-hair'd chief Menelaiis slay Alexandros, 
Helena then and the treasure shall Troy restore to the Grecians; 
Adding moreover a fine, whate'er shall be just and sufficient. 
This shall remain to the Greeks, nor shall after ages dispute it. 
This should Priam and Priam's sons refuse, or evade it, 
(In fair fight Alexander being slain) the war shall continue, 
I myself will remain with my troops, and fight for the ransom; (290) 
Fight to the end, and till all be paid, and the debt be acquitted." 
Ending, with cruel blade the throats of the lambs he divided, 
Down on the earth their bodies he flung, all bleeding and panting 
In the last gasp of life, for their strength had ebbed from the death wound. 



60 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book III. 

Into the cups from the bowl the Avine they poured, and receiving 
Drank, and devoutly prayed, each Pow'r immortal invoking. 
Then might be heard such words as these from Greek and from Trojan : 
''Hear us! Zeus most great, most glorious, and all ye Immortals. 
He who shall dare this treaty to break, and the oaths ye have witnessed, 
Oh ! may his blood on the ground be spilled, like yonder libations, (300) 
His and his children's too, and his wife to a stranger be captive." 
Thus they prayed — (but Zeus refused to hear their petitions). 
Then Dardanian Priam addressed the leaders assembled: 
"Hear me ye Trojans all, and ye bright-greaved sons of Achaia! 
Home will I now return to my wind-swept Ilian fortress. 
How can mine eyes endure this dreadful struggle to witness 
Where my dear son shall contend for life with fierce Menelaiis? 
Known unto Zeus and th' immortal Gods alone is the issue, 
Which of the two shall survive, and which must fall in the conflict." 

Thus spake the Godlike man, and laid the lambs on his chariot, (310) 
Mounted, the guiding reins he grasped. Antenor beside him 
Stood in the beauteous car. And sadly and slow to the city 
Back they returned, deep musing on what might chance in the combat. 

Hector the son of Priam now, with the noble Odysseus 
Carefully measured the ground for the fight. This done, in a helmet 
Glitfri?ig with burnished brass they cast two lots to determine 
Which of the heroes twain should first deliver his jav'lin. 
Then might words like these have been heard from Greeks and from 

Trojans, 
Lifting their hands in prayer, and the Gods immortal invoking : 
"Father Zeus! most great, most glorious, ruling from Ida, (320) 
O ! may the man who has caused these woes to ourselves and our nations 
Slain and cut off, sink down to the darksome mansions of Hades. 
So may we part as friends, and peace be for ever between us." 

Thus they prayed; but Hector, averting his eyes, in the helmet 
Tossed up the lots, and the lot of Paris leaped forth on the instant. 
Down sate the troops, each man in his rank and place, and beside them 
Chariot and horse stood arrayed and the ground gleamed bright with 

their armour. 
Then Alexander divine, the fair-hair d Helena's husband, 



Book III.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 61 

Sprang to his feet where he sate, and donned his beauteous armour. 
First to his well-turned legs his glittering greaves he adjusted (330) 
Burnished and richly wrought, and clasped with buckles of silver; 
Next (for it fitted him well) he braced round his bosom a corslet 
Worn by his brother Lycaon; and slung by a belt o'er his shoulder 
Pendent, his sword of bronze, in a sheath all studded with silver; 
Slung, too, ready for use, his broad and ponderous buckler; 
Placed on his stately head his helmet of proof, with a horsetail 
Crested ; and dreadfully nodded the waving plume to his movements, 
As with familiar grasp he poised his quivering jav'lin. 
Soon too, bold Menelaus in arms stood ready for combat. 
Now when they both were armed, each forth from the ranks of his 

comrades (34°) 

Strode with undaunted step, and advanced in front of the armies. 
Fiercely glaring they strode, while breathless suspense and amazement 
Seized on the gazing hosts, both Greeks and Trojans around them. 
Near, and nearer they drew in the measured list, and their lances 
Wrathfully shook, each bending an angry scowl on the other. 
Then Alexandros first his long-forth-shadowing jav'lin 
Hurled : and full on the midst of the smooth round shield of Atreides 
Harmless it rang, nor pierced the bronze; but back from the buckler, 
Blunted and bent, recoiled. Then next in turn, Menelaus 
Rose as in act. to throw — but first preferred his petition: (350) 
"Zeus supreme! O, grant me revenge on the man who has wronged 

me; 
Grant me to slay with my hands this impious wretch Alexandros. 
So shall each future guest take warning, and tremble to render 
Wrongs in return for friendly deeds, and betrayal for welcome." 
Thus he prayed and dismissed his long-forth-shadowing jav'lin: 
Full on the smooth round shield of the son of Priam it lighted; 
Thoro' the shining bronze it forc'd its impetuous passage, 
Then through the corslet rich its course pursued, and descending 
Glanced by his flank aside; and his vest was torn by the weapon. 
Swerving, however, with dextrous skill, black death he eluded. (360) 
Straightway Atreides drew forth his sword all studded with silver, 
Raised it aloft and dealt on his crest a stroke: but the falchion 



62 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book III. 

Splintered, and crackling, flew from his hand in shivers around him. 
Casting on heav'n an upbraiding glance, then groaned he in anger: 
"Zeus ! Thou /latest me now. No god more bitterly thwarts me ! 
Else, ev'n now had I slain this wretch, and his villainies punished. 
See how my faithless sword hath snapped in my grasp, and my jav'lin 
Flown from my hand in vain, nor drunk the blood of my foeman." 
Thus exclaiming, he rushed on his foe, and the crest of his helmet 
Seizing, he grappled him close and dragged to the ranks of the 

Grecians, (37°) 

Struggling, and well-nigh choked by the broidered thong of the helmet 
Tightened beneath his chin in the deadly grasp of Atreides. 
Then had he dragged him down, immortal glory securing, 
Had not bright Aphrodite perceived the distress of her fav'rite, 
Daughter of Zeus. And she burst that strong bull-hide and released 

him. 
Nought but the empty casque remained in the hand of the victor. 
This with a scornful toss to the Greeks he whirled, and his comrades 
Raised it from where it fell, and preserved the glittering trophy. 
Then rushed on Menelalis again, all eager to slay him 
With his recovered spear. But once more bright Aphrodite (380) 
Came to his aid, and in mist involved, with ease she conveyed him 
(Such was her pow'r) to his chamber fair, perfumed and luxurious. 
Helena then she sought, to call her away : and she found her 
There on the rampart high, by the dames of Troia surrounded. 
Lightly approaching she plucked her fragrant robe, and addressed her, 
(Taking the form of an ancient crone much lov'd by her mistress ; 
One who in days long since gone by, in fair Lacedsemon 
Combed out the fleecy wool, and plied in her chamber the distaff,) 
Like in feature and voice, thus spake divine Aphrodite : 
" Come with me home ! Alexandros calls, and impatient awaits thee 
There, in thy chamber fair, on thy polished couch, he reposes (391) 
Glowing with youthful charms, and in splendid attire. Thou would' st 

deem him 
Not from a desperate fight returned ; but gaily preparing 
Either to dance, or withdrawn for a while from the whirl of the dancers." 
Thus she spake; and a tumult wild within Helena's bosom 



Book III.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 63 

Rose., as th' allbeauteous neck and the lovely breast of the Goddess 
How she perceived, and her flashing eyes : and a thrill of amazement, 
Mingled with dread, through her frame ran swifts while thus she 

addressed her : 
"Dreadful one! why dost thou practise on me thine arts of seduction? 
Am I then next to be hurried to some fres/i scene of delusion, (400) 
Fair Maeonian town, or populous Phrygian city, 
Where some fav ; rite of thine perchance may sigh for a Hele?i ? 
Or dost thou grudge to let Menelaiis carry me homeward, 
(Hateful albeit in his eyes I seem), as the prize of his conquest? 
Is it for that thou comest and seek'st once more to beguile me? 
Go thou to Paris and sit by his side, renouncing thy godhead. 
Teach thy own feet to forget those paths that lead to Olympus. 
Watch him, and tend him; rejoice with his joy and mourn with his sorrow. 
So perchance shall he make thee his wife : — peradventure his handmaid ! 
Never again will I see him, for that were shame and confusion! (41c) 
Never again will I honour his couch ! Each woman of Troia 
Thenceforth would hold me in scorn, and my days were for ever em- 
bittered." 
Then divine Aphrodite, incensed, this answer returned her : 
"Insolent! Dread to provoke me more: lest in wrath I forsake thee, 
Singling thee out for a hate more marked than the love I have shewn thee; 
Lest in one general wreck I involve both the Greeks and the Trojans 
Battling with tenfold rage ; and a horrible fate be thy portion." 

Thus she spake : and the daughter of Zeus, fair Helena trembled. 
Silent, her white transparent robe close gath'ring around her, 
Led by the goddess, unmissed by the Troian dames, she departed. (420) 
When to the princely palace they came where dwelt Alexandros, 
Both her attendants resumed their accustomed tasks in the household. 
She, the divinely fair, to his lofty chamber ascended, 
Where Aphrodite, Goddess of smiles, advancing before her 
Placed in his presence a stately seat, and beckoned her to it. 
Seated, in pride, the daughter of iEgis-b earing Kronion, 
Deigned not a look; but averting her face thus taunted her husband: 
"So! thou art come from the wars! Oh! would that there thou 
hadst perished, 



64 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book III. 

Slain by the conquering sword of the hero who once was my husband. 
Where is thy empty vaunt that the great, the brave Menelaus (430) 
Thou, with thy sword, thy spear, and thy strength, would'st surpass in 

the combat? 
Go then ! attempt it again : and challenge that fierce Menelaus 
Once more to fight it out. But hear my word ; for I warn thee, 
Keep on the prudent side ; nor that fair-hair'd chief Menelaus 
Tempt to the fight unadvised, nor his force confront; shouldst thou dare it, 
Quickly his spear's broad blade in thy streaming blood shall be purpled." 

Then Alexander replied, and in words like these he addressed her: 
"Cease, most lovely of women, to sting my soul with reproaches. 
What though for once, by Athene's aid Menelaus have conquered: 
My turn will one day come — for I too have Gods who befriend me. (440) 
Still let us love, whatever befal, and set fate at defiance. 
Why shouldst thou change, and why upbraid? My love is unaltered. 
Am I not still thy Paris who first from fair Lacedaemon 
Bore thee in triu?nph away? Or e'er have I ceased to adore thee? 
Not when in Cranae's isle thou gav'st consent to our unioti 
Lov'd I thee half so well. And surely thou dost not abhor me!" 
Thus he spake; and Helen repented her words and forgave him. 
Such was the power of Love, and such was her joy for his safety. 

But Menelaus like some wild beast deprived of his viclim 
Raged round the field, and sought in vain through the crowd Alexan- 
dros. (45°) 

Readily all the Trojans and all their auxiliar squadrons 
Opened their ranks and allowed his search. Not one would have screened 

him. 
All would have eagerly poi7ited him out to fierce Menelaus 
Had they but seen him pass : for like black death was he hated. 
Thus then to all out-spake the king of men Agamemnon : 
"Hear me ye Greeks, ye Dardans, and all ye allies of the Trojans! 
Victory now hath declared for Mars-belov'd Menelaus. 
You then, ye Trojans ! yield to us Helen the fair and the treasure, 
Pay down the ransom too; such fine as befits the occasion; 
This to the Greeks shall belong and in after years to their children."(46o) 

Ended the king, and shouted aloud in assent the Achaians. 



THE ILIAD. 



BOOK IV. 



BOOK THE FOURTH. 



Argument. 



The Gods assemble in debate on the issue of the coinbat. Zeus declares 
the viclory to be on the side of Mejielaiis, and proposes the fitlfilment of 
the treaty. To this Hera and Pallas objecl, and Zeus reluctantly agrees 
to their proposal to break it by an acl of treachery on the Trojan part. 
Pandarus, at the instigation of Pallas, aims an arrow at Menelaiis, who is 
wounded, but cured by Machaon. The Trojans then advance to battle. 
Agamemnon goes through the army, exhorting, encouraging and reproving 
the seve?'al leaders. The Greeks then advance. The armies meet and the 
battle commences, Pallas sustaining and encouraging the G?-eeks, and Ares 
the Trojaiis. 



ILIAD. BOOK IV. 



ALL the gods in the presence of Zeus were assembled in council, 
* Each on his golden throne, while Hebe, the honoured, among them 
Poured forth the nectar in golden cups. And they pledged one 

. another, 
Quaffing the sacred juice, and their eyes on Ilion bending. 
Forthwith Kronos' son, delighting to irritate Here', 
Taunted her thus with sarcastic words and covert reproaches : 

"Two of th' immortal pow'rs, great goddesses, aid Menelaiis, 
Argive Hera herself and Alalcomenean Athene. 
Yet, methinks, they seem to enjoy that spectacle yonder, 
Sitting inaclive apart; while the goddess of smiles, Aphrodite 7 , (10) 
Still on her fav 'rite attends, and saves him from death and destruction. 
See! how but now she hath snatched him away when fate was im- 
pending. 
Truly the victory now hath declared for brave Menelaiis. 
Counsel we then, what turn unto these events shall be given. 
Say! shall we rouse once more fierce war, and the tumult of battle? 
Or shall we rather unite both sides in peace and in friendship? 
Could we but all be agreed and accept this simple conclusion, 
Priam the king might continue to reign and his people to prosper; 
Argive Helen return with her conquering Lord to Achaia." 

Thus he spake. But Athena and Here murmuring heard him (20) 
Side by side as they sate, dire woes for the Trojans devising. 
Silent Athene sate, nor uttered her thoughts; but her bosom 
Swelled with bitter despite, and rage at the words of her Father. 



5—2 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IV. 



Not so Hera, whose wrath broke forth in angry reproaches : 

"Terrible son of Kronos! what word is this thou hast uttered? 
How dost thou ever delight to destroy the fruits of my labours, 
Frustrating all my toil! Myself and my coursers are weary, 
Hurrying to gather the hosts, and to heap destruction on Priam! 
Do as thou wilt: but expecl not that I or the gods shall approve it." 

Grievously angered, Zeus the cloud-compeller responded: (30) 
"Madly perverse! 'gainst thee what offence hath Priam committed, 
He, or his sons, that implacably thus thou long'st to destroy them; 
Prostrate to hurl in the dust fair Troy's embattled defences? 
Couldst thou but enter her gates, and range the wide sweep of her 

precincts, 
There to devour alive both Priam, his sons, and his people, 
This, and no less tha?i this, would assuage thy craving for vengeance. 
Do as thou wilt, however; lest this be a subject between us 
Now and for ever, henceforth, of strife and bitter contention. 
One thing, howbeit, I tell thee; and well shalt thou do to observe it: 
When some city shall seem in mine eyes to merit destruction (40) 
Peopled by favorites of thine — by men thou lov'st and regardest — 
Seek not to stay me, nor come between my wrath and its victims. 
Take now the boon thou hast asked, though most reluctantly granted : 
Since, where the sun and the stars of heav'n look down on the 

nations, 
Dwellers on earth's wide region, through all her inhabited cities, 
Ilion's sacred town hath ever been first in my favour ; 
Priam, and, Priam's sons, and the stalwart spearmen of Troia. 
There without ceasing mine altars blaze; nor e'er have been lacking 
Savoury steams sent up, and libations poured in mine honour." 

Rolling her large majestic eyes, thus Hera responded: (50) 

"Three great cities rejoice in my dear regard and protection, 
Argos, Sparta the fair, and the wide-wayed town of Mycenae. 
These, should they chance to offend thee, destroy them all in thine 

anger; 
Nor will I grudge their ruin, or take one step to avert it. 
Well do I know, howe'er reluctant, whatever my efforts, 
Thine is the stronger power, and nought 'twould avail to oppose thee. 



Book IV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 69 

Now let my wishes prevail; nor make thou my labours abortive. 
Was I not born a goddess— my race thine own, and my lineage — 
Ev'n as thyself from mysterious Kronos sprung; and distinguished 
Not by my birth alone, but as thy companion and consort, (60) 

Sharing thy throne and thy rule o'er all the other immortals ? 
This, then, in mutual compliance concede we one to another, 
Thou unto me, and I unto thee : so shall all the immortals 
Yield their assent. Now lose no time, but commission Athene 
Thither to haste where the Trojans and Greeks in order of battle 
Stand, all ready for fight : and bid her contrive that the Trojans, 
Treach'rously breaking the truce, shall wound some noble Achaian." 

Thus she spake, and the father of Gods and of mortals assented, 

Forthwith addressing in swift-winged words his comtnaiids to Athene' : 

" Hie thee at once to the battle-array of the Greeks and the 

Trojans, (70) 

There, where they stand, all ready for figlit ; and contrive that the 

Trojans, 
Treach'rously breaking the truce, shall wound some noble Achaian." 

Thus he spake, and Athena the welcome mandate accepted. 
Down, at once, from the lofty heights of Olympus she darted ; 
As when a meteor, sent by the son of mysterious Kronos, 
Glides through the air, a portentous sign to fleets and to armies, 
Scatt'ring abroad unnumbered sparks from its fiery tresses. 
Thus sped Pallas Athena from Heazhi to the earth, and alighted 
Full in the midst of the host : and amazement seized the beholders, 
Horse-taming Trojans and bronze-mailed Greeks. And thus to his 
neighbour (80) 

Each imparted the anxious thought which arose in his bosom: 
"Now full soon shall we learn what Zeus in his might hath 
determined, 
What yon sign in the sky may portend: whether war and its horrors, 
Battle and strife shall revive, or peace at length be established." 

Thus spake the Trojans, and thus the Greeks, with uneasy foreboding. 
Pallas, the while, in mortal form, through the host of the Trojans 
Strode, like the spearman brave, Laodocus, son of Antenor, 
Looking for Pandarus, godlike chief if perchance she might find him. 



70 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IV. 

Soon she discovered Lycaon's son, the brave, and the blameless, 
Stationed there at his post; and around him the ranks of his warriors, (90) 
Bucklered men, who had followed their chief from the streams of 

yEsepus. 
Taking her stand by his side, in swift-wing'd words she addressed him : 

"Wilt thou give ear to my words, O warlike son of Lycaon? 
Venture a winged shaft at the breast of brave Menelaiis. 
So shalt thou win both favour and fame at the hands of the Trojans, 
One and all: but chiefest and best from prince Alexandros. 
He, be assured, for thy deed with the choicest gifts shall requite thee, 
When on his funeral pile outstretched he shall see Menelaiis, 
Atreus' son, his deadly foe, struck down by thine arrow. 
Now then at once take aim, and speed thy shaft to his bosom, (too) 
First, however, addressing a vow unto Lycian Apollo, 
Lord of the bow, when to holy Zeleia the fates shall restore thee, 
There to provide him a hundred firstling lambs for an off'ring." 
Thus she spake, and his reckless mind persuaded to mischief; 
Straightway his polish'd bow he uncased. Of horn was it- fashioned, 
Borne long since on the armed head of a goat of the mountain 
Which, from its cave forth bounding, he struck to the heart from his 

ambush, 
Aiming up from beneath : and it rolled from the crag in its death-pang. 
Sixteen palms from its head grew forth its horns, which the artist 
Skilfully joined, and shaped to a curve, and polished them 

smoothly, ( II0 ) 

Then with a knosp of gold each tapering point he completed. 
This having bent, he held it inclined, and pointing obliquely 
Down to the earth; while his comrades true their bucklers extended, 
Screening him; lest that the Greeks beholding should rush to assault 

him 
Ere he had slain their warlike chief, their brave Menelaiis. 
Lifting the lid of his quiver next, he drew forth an arrow 
Fresh from the maker's hand, and, wing'd with fate and with mischief, 
Forthwith the keen and bitter shaft to the chord he adjusted, 
Praying the while, and vowing a vow unto Lycian Apollo, 
Lord of the bow, when to holy Zeleia the fates should restore him, (120) 



Book IV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 71 

There to provide him a hundred firstling lambs for an ofT'ring. 
Seizing the notch of the shaft on the chord, he strained; and the 

bowstring 
Drew, till it touched his breast; and the bow the steel of the arrow 
Just received on its circling curve ; then aiming he loosed it. 
Twanged the great bow, and the chord rang loud ; then leapt forth the 

arrow 
Pointed and keen, and impatiently urged its flight through the armies. 

Then, Menelaiis, th' immortal gods forgat not to guard thee: 
Chiefest the daughter of Zeus, resplendent with spoil and with conquest. 
She, interposing, averted the death, and guided the arrow 
Lightly aside in its course from a mortal part; as a mother i}Z°) 

Wafts from her infant a fly, while in gentle sleep he reposes. 
There she directed the shaft where the belt round his waist was united 
Firmly with golden clasps o'er the thick-lined plates of his armour. 
Full on the clasps of the belt that piercing weapon alighted, 
Straight through the rich-chased metal it forced its impetuous passage, 
Then through the gorgeous corslet drove; through the part of its 

fabric 
Safest and surest of all to protect its wearer in battle — 
That on which most he relied for defence; and this too it entered 
( Weakened however in force) ; yet it tore the flesh of the hero, 
Razing the skin : and a stream of blood gushed forth on the in- 
stant. ( x 4°) 

As when, with delicate hand, some Masonian or Carian paintress 
Stains with purple an ivory boss for the bit of a warhorse: 
Safe in her chamber stored she keeps it ; — and many a horseman 
Longs to possess it; — in vain! for a sov'reign alone can obtain it, 
Grace to his steed to impart, and worship to win for the rider : 
So, Menelaiis ! thy fair white skin with blood was impurpled, 
Streaming adown thy well-formed thighs, thy legs and thy ankles. 

Shuddering horror seized on the king of men, Agamemnon, 
When from the wound forth-streaming he saw the blood of his brother. 
Shudd'ring at first Menelaiis himself recoiled for a moment, (150) 
Tden unaware: but his spirit was roused, and he gathered assurance, 
When he perceived outstanding the barbs and thong of the arrow. 



72 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IV. 

Heaving an anguished sigh meanwhile Agamemnon addressed him, 
Grasping his hand, amid groans of terror and rage from his comrades: 

"Oh! my brother, now have I wrought thy death by our treaty, 
Placing thee singly there as a mark for the host of the Trojans. 
Lo ! they have slain thee ; trampling in dust the faith of their treaty. 
Yet let them fear! Not vain are their oaths and the blood of their 

victims, 
And the libations poured, and the clasped right hands that we trusted. 
Ev'n should Olympian Zeus for awhile delay to avenge us, (160) 
Yet will he bring it to pass; and a dire and fearful destruction 
On their devoted heads shall fall; on their wives and their children. 
Yes! full surely the day shall arrive, right well I perceive it, 
Clea?dy revealed to my inmost soul, when prostrate in ruin 
Ilion shall perish, and Priam, and all the host of his spearmen. 
Zeus himself from his heav'n where he dwells high-thron'd shall his 

^Egis 
Froivningly shake o'er them all, and whelm them in darkness and horror, 
Wroth at a crime so foul. All this shall indeed be accomplished, 
Yet no less shall I bitterly mourn thy loss, Menelaiis. 
Here should'st thou die, here close thy career of life and of glory. (170) 
Then will the Greeks bethink them of home, while, thirsting for 

vengeance, 
Back to his sun-burnt Argos their king disappointed shall lead them. 
So shall we leave to Priam the prize — to the Trojans abandon 
Argive Helen. Thy bones, meanwhile, shall moulder in Troia, 
There, in that hated soil which beheld thy work unaccomplished. 
Then will some insolent Trojan exult, on thy sepulchre leaping; 
Spurning with scornful feet that dust which was 07ice Menelaiis : 
' Such be the fate of all tvhose cause Agamemnon espouses ! 
Such be his vicloriesf such his success /' will he say, 'who the Grecians 
Vainly led hither, and shamefully fled to the land of his Fathers (180) 
Back with his ships : — and here he left his superb Menelaiis.' 
So will he vaunt. Then yawn, wide earth, and cover Atreides!" 

Cheeringly then responded the fair-haired chief Menelaiis : 
"Take thou courage, and spread not alarm in the ranks of the Grecians. 
Not to a vital part hath pierced this dart. Interposing, 



Book IV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 73 

Deadened its force my broidered belt; and the waistband beneath it 
Aided; and (thanks to my armourer's skill) the strength of my breast- 
plate." 
Then making answer replied the wide-ruling king Agamemnon : 
"Thus Heav'n grant it may prove, Menelaiis ! my friend and my brother; 
Now let a skilful leech thy wound explore, and assuaging (190) 
Ointments and herbs apply which may soothe thy pain and restore 

thee." 
Then Talthybius, herald divine, he called and commissioned : 
" Speed thee, Talthybius ! summon Machaon at once to attend us, 
Him, ^Esculapius' son, that pure and perfedt physician. 
Brave Menelaiis requires his aid, the Prince of the Grecians, 
Whom some Trojan orLycian marksman hath pierced with an arrow: 
Triumph indeed to him, but to us sad grief and misfortune." 

Thus he spake: nor a moment the herald delayed, having heard him. 
Forth he sped through the ranks of the bronze-mailed sons of Achaia, 
Looking around for the hero Machaon. Soon he perceived him (200) 
There at his post where he stood ; his brave troops mustered around 

him, 
Bucklered men who from Tricia's meads had followed their chieftain. 
Closely approaching, he thus delivered the words of his message: 

" Haste ! ^Esculapius' son. Agamemnon sends me to call thee. 
Brave Menelaiis, a Prince of the Greeks, requires thy assistance, 
Whom some Trojan or Lycian marksman hath pierced with an arrow : 
Triumph indeed to him, but to us sad grief and misfortune." 

Great was the grief and alarm these words in Machaon excited; 
Soon through the host they passed, and the broad array of the Grecians. 
When they were now arrived at the spot where stood Menelaiis (210) 
Wounded and bleeding — (around him had gathered the bravest 

Achaians, 
Forming a ring; himself, that godlike man, in the centre) — 
From the embroidered belt he forthwith wrenched out the arrow, 
Tugging amain, and the pointed barbs bent back with the effort. 
Next he unbuckled and loosed that gorgeous belt, and beneath it 
Stripped off the waistband broad, and the corslet's elaborate fabric. 
Then, when the wound he saw where the bitter shaft had alighted, 



74 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IV. 

Sucking the blood, he applied that soothing balm which his father 
Knew to compound, by Chiron taught, his friend and preceptor. 

Thus while the anxious chiefs were gathered around Menelaiis, (220) 
On came rushing the Trojan host, with spear and with buckler, 
All having donned their arms, and eagerly roused them to combat. 
Then might'st thou not have seen Agamemnon sleeping or idle; 
Quailing; with fear unnerved; or shunning the glorious battle: 
Welcoming rather the war, and rejoicing to mix in the conflict. 
Nor did he use his panting steeds, or his glittering chariot. 
These to Eurymedon's care he consigned, his faithful attendant, 
Old Ptolemaeus' son, himself the son of Pira'is, 
Bidding him hold them well in hand till the time he should need them, 
Wearied with visiting all, and deliv'ring his orders in person. (230) 
Then, proceeding on foot, he traversed the ranks of the heroes. 
Such as he found alert, and urging their steeds to the combat, 
These with encouraging words he cheered : and thus he addressed them : 

"Argives ! be true to your fame, and remit no spark of your ardour! 
Father Zeus will ne'er stand forth an abettor of falsehood. 
Those who have trampled on oaths and set the example of treach'ry, 
Vultures, be sure, shall feast on their dainty flesh, and in triumph 
Home shall we bear their dear-loved wives and innocent children, 
Loading our ships with spoil, when their city shall smoke in its ruins." 

Those whom ling'ring he found, and shunning the dangers of 
battle, (240) 

Such he reproved with taunting words and angry reproaches: 

" 'Argives, forsooth / no better than bowmen ! shame on ye, recreants! 
Why do ye stand, like hunted fawns, all scared and astounded, 
When with fatigue and terror exhausted they huddle together 
Gazing around, while strength there is none, nor courage within them ? 
Thus do ye stand amazed, and thus ye shrink from the battle. 
What! will ye wait till the Trojans advancing seize on your vessels 
There, where their prows stand ranged on the surf-beat shore of the 

ocean, 
Trusting that Zeus will then stretch forth his hand for your rescue?" 

Thus, with words of praise and of blame, through the ranks of the 
heroes (250) 



Book IV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 7S 

Passing, at length to the Cretans he came, where the throng was the 

densest; 
Where, round Idomeneus, armed for fight, his troops were collected: 
He in their van conspicuous, in might like the boar of the forest; 
While in the rear Meriones urged them on and encouraged. 
Pleased was the king of men when he found them ready for action, 
And from his lips there fell such words as to heroes are sweetest : 

"Noble Idomeneus ! first of the swift-horsed sons of Achaia, 
Thee do I honour, alike in battle, in council, and conduct, 
And at the festal board when the choice red wine is o'erflowing. 
There, while our bravest chiefs by measure drink, and in order, (260) 
Ever thy cup stands full, like mine own, unstinted, beside thee, 
Freely to quaff, as thy soul inclines, or abstain if it list thee. 
Such, among all our crested Greeks, is the meed of thy valour. 
Now then maintain thy fame. March on ! and be first in the combat." 
Thus then Idomeneus answered, the warlike chief of the Cretans : 
" Atreus' son ! depend on me for a trusty supporter 
Now and henceforth : for such was my promise — such was our compact. 
Go now ! excite the rest of the crested Greeks in the battle 
Bravely to fight ; since the truce is void by this act of the Trojans. 
Death to the perjured race! Let the curse that rests 011 the van- 

quished (270) 

Cling to the men who have spurned their oaths and trampled on 

treaties." 
Thus he spake: and Atreides rejoicing went on his progress. 
Next to th' Aiantes he came; and these, full armed and appointed, 
Ready for fight he found, and a cloud of footmen around them. 
As when from some commanding cliff, looking forth on the waters 
Lowering and borne from afar, some goatherd sees in the distance, 
Driv'n by the blast of zephyr, a storm-cloud sweep o'er the ocean; 
On it comes, with the blackness of pitch, and the hurtling of 

whirlwinds : 
Shrinking he views its advance, and hides his flock in a cavern, — 
Dark'ning thus, and in threat'ning array, with spear and with 

buckler (280) 

Bristling, marched to the fight the banded youth of the Locrians 



76 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IV. 

Serried in phalanx; eager for war; at the call of the heroes. 

This with delight beheld the wide-ruling Prince Agamemnon, 
Nor was his joy concealed, but in swift-wing'd words he addressed them, 
" Glorious Aiantes ! worthy to lead our bronze-mailed Achaians ! 
You it becomes not me to exhort or with words to encourage. 
Ready, aye ready, I find you to lead your troops to the battle. 
Oh! may our Father Zeus, and Apollo, and Pallas Athene, 
Kindle in every Grecian breast such courage and ardour! 
Then full soon shall we see the royal city of Priam ( 2 9°) 

Bow to its fall, by our arms subdued, and scattered in ruin." 
Thus having said, the Locrians he left, and the Pylian legions 
Sought, where Nestor he found, their sage and eloquent leader, 
Wisely arraying their ranks, and by words exciting their ardour. 
Pelagon, Chronius, Alastor, were nigh, receiving his orders, 
Haemon the prince, and Bias, the shepherd and guide of his people. 
Foremost the horsemen he placed with their steeds and chariots in 

order; 
All the best of his foot, the strength and support of the battle, 
Num'rous and brave, in the rear; while between them the wav'rers 

were driven, 
Leaving them no retreat, no choice, but to fight like their comrades. (300) 
First to the charioteers he gave this pressing injunction: 
Well to rein in their steeds, nor confound their cars in the tumult. 
"Hear me!" he cried, "let none, whate'er his skill or his courage, 
Push in advance of the rest and singly charge on the Trojans. 
Neither let any one lag; for to break your li?ie is destruction. 
He who, erect, in his chariot an adverse car shall encounter, 
Thrust with his lance where he stands. 'Tis the surer way, by our 

fathers 
Practised : — heroes whom nought could resist, nor city nor fortress. 
This was their rule of fight, and from this they never departed." 

Thus that ancient chief, from his long experience in battles. (310) 
Him Agamemnon rejoicing heard; and, cordially greeting, 
Warmly his feelings spoke ; and thus in words he addressed him : 
"Oh ! what a fire yet glows in that dear old heart! Would to heaven 
Strength to match it were thine, and youthful limbs unexhausted ! 



Book IV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 77 

Age, however, the lot of man, weighs heavily on thee. 
Would that a younger might bear thy load, and could give thee his 
vigour!" 
Nestor then, the Gerenian knight, this answer returned him: 
"Would, great Atreus' son! that again I might be for thy service 
Such as of yore I was, when I slew the brave Ereuthalion. 
But the blest Gods all at once their gifts on mortals bestow not. (320) 
Then was I young, but now am old ; yet still shalt thou find me 
Here at my post, with my horsemen brave, commanding and cheering; 
Fighting with skill, not weapons; for such is the war of the aged. 
Those let the ardent and young, who rejoice in the bloom of their 

vigour 
Wield with efifecl: for to such belongs the brunt of the battle." [325] 

Thus he spake, while onward passed Agamemnon rejoicing. 
Mnestheus, Peteos' son, then he found at the head of his horsemen; 
Round him stood the Athenian bands, far famed for their war-cry. 
There too Odysseus he saw, that man of many devices, 
Must'ring his Cephallenian troops — no nation of cowards (330) 
They: but not yet had they heard th' advancing shout of the Trojans 
Rushing to fight, nor perceived that the Greeks were preparing for 

battle. 
Therefore inactive they stood, nor closed their ranks; as expecting 
Others to lead the way and commence the fight with the Trojans. [335] 
This when Atreides saw, he was vexed, and in words of reproval, 
Uttered with warmth, and in haste, the sov'reign of nations addressed 
them : 
"Offspring of Peteos brave, that prince the fav'rite of heaven; 
Thou too accomplished in artifice keen, still seeking thy profit ! 
W 7 hy do ye stand thus cow'ring aloof and waiting for others? 
You had it better beseemed to have led the way, and have ven- 
tured (340) 
Foremost; flinging yourselves on the fiery front of the battle. 
Is it for deeds like this that first to our feasts ye are bidden 
When in our presence the banquet is spread for the chiefs of Achaia? 
There ye delight to gorge the savoury roast, and unstinted [345] 
Goblets to drain of the luscious wine, first choice of the vintage: 



78 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Ecok IV. 

Here would ye gazing stand, while troop upon troop of the Grecians 
Swept to the war in your very sight, and left you behind them." 

Sternly regarding him, thus then answered the godlike Odysseus : 
" Ha ! what a word hath escaped from between thy teeth, O Atreides ! 
I from the conflict shrink? Let the Onset come, and the Grecians (350) 
Down on the Trojans pour with the fearful weight of their vengeance : 
Then shalt thou see (if thou care in such scenes to mix) this intriguer 
— Me — Telemachus' Father — the first in the deadly encounter. 
Pass on thy way ! Thy words, like the empty wind, I regard not." [355] 

But when he saw that Odysseus was wroth, and resented his chiding, 
Quickly he made amends, and at once retracting the insult, 
Smilingly thus in turn replied the Prince Agamemnon : 
"Godlike son of Laertes! most wise and inventive Odysseus! 
Think not I mean severely to chide, or censure thy conduct. 
Sure I am that the heart in thy inmost bosom admits not (360) 
Aught save that which is friendly and right — for our thoughts are in 

common. 
Come! dismiss we the subjecl now. We can quarrel at leisure. 
Yet, if aught wrong hath been said, may the great Gods render it 
harmless." 

Thus having spoken, he left them there, and proceeded to others. 
Next he encountered Tydeus' son, the proud Diomedes, [365] 

Standing among the steeds and the strong-built cars of his horsemen. 
Near him Sthenelus stood, great Capaneus' son : whom beholding 
Ready indeed for fight, but not yet moving to aclion, 
Sore displeased, in reproachful terms Agamemnon addressed him : 

"Why, O Tydeides! son of the fierce subduer of horses, (370) 
Why dost thou cower and anxiously scan the lines of our battle? 
Tydeus thy sire was not thus wont to shrink and to tremble: 
Foremost ever he rushed on his foes in advance of his comrades. 
Those who have seen him fight thus wond'ritigly tell of his onset : 
Bravest of men ! ('tis from fame I speak, for I never beheld him) 
Once indeed to Mycenae he came, with divine Polyneices, 
Aid and alliance to seek, while preparing for war with the Thebans, 
Trusting their sacred city to capture. Much they besought us 
Well-tried troops to provide, and to bear our part in the war/are. 



Book IV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 79 

We on our side were willing, and troops and arms had been fur- 
nished (380) 
Gladly: but Zeus with dire portents forewarned us of evil. 
Thus they departed, their end unaccomplished, journeying homewards 
Back to the rush-grown banks and the grassy meads of Asopus. 
Thence, as an envoy, sent from th' Achaian states, tmto Thebe 
Tydeiis came, and he found the Cadmeans in joyous carousal, 
Banqueting high in the regal halls of their Prince Eteocles. 
He, not a whit dismayed nor bashful; alone, and a stranger, 
Ent'ring; a guest tmexpecled, among so many Cadmeans, 
Challenged them all to contend in athletic sports — and he conquered 
Easily every man. Such aid did Pallas afford him. (390) 
They however, rough-riding men, vowed vengeance, and choosing 
Fifty adventurous youths, his path beset as he journeyed 
Homeward, his errand performed. Two leaders headed the onset, 
Maeon the son of Haemus, of godlike valour and fierceness, 
And Lycophontes, Autophonus' son, unflinching in combat — 
All were by Tydeus slain. Foul death upon all he inflicted. 
Maeon alone he spared and dismissed unharmed, by an omen 
Wasned : and home he returned to relate the fate of his comrades. 
Such was ^Etolian Tydeus. — Here is his son: as a warrior 
Hardly so great as his sire, though much the better declaimer." (400) 

Thus he spake. But the brave Diomedes answered him nothing : 
Such was the rev'rence he paid to the dread rebuke of his Sov'reign. 
Not so Capaneus' son, who thus retorted, (his anger 
Roused by the taunt) "Atreides ! thy words are false : and thou 

know'st it. 
Better by far are we, and braver men than our fathers. 
Fewer in number than they, that Theban city we captured, 
Marched through its sev'n-fold gates, and levelled its haughty defences, 
Strong in the might of Zeus, and trusting the signs that he gave us. 
They by their own misconduct failed where their sons have succeeded. 
Say not then that our fathers were better than we, or more glo- 
rious." (4 IQ ) 

Then with a frown of stern reproof Diomedes addressed him : 
"Silence! my good old friend. Suppress thy wrath and obey me. 



80 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IV. 

How can we blame Agamemnon, the shepherd and guide of his people, 
When he excites the Greeks, and stirs them up to the combat? 
His will the glory be, and the gain, should the might of Achaia 
Conquer our Trojan foes and lay their city in ruins: 
His too the grief and shame should we fail, and the Grecians be 

vanquished. 
Come then! think we of nought but of martial deeds and of glory." 
Thus having said, on the ground, full armed, he sprang from his 

chariot. 
Dire was the clash of the brazen scales on the breast of the hero (420) 
Striding along. Right brave were the heart that unmoved could 

have heard it. 
As on the loud-resounding shore the broad waves of the ocean 
Driv'n by the Zephyr's force roll on in unbroken succession, 
Far at first in the offing they swell to a crest, and arriving 
Burst on the beach with thundering crash : each rock that obstructs 

them 
Curving aloft, they whelm, and spit forth the foam from their eddies : 
Thus in succeeding ranks moved on the troops of the Grecians 
Ceaseless, line upon line, to the fight : each chieftain among them 
Heading his own array. All silent they marched. Had you seen 

them 
Such and so vast a force, in their noiseless order advancing, (430) 
Speech you had thought denied them, or lost in awe of their leaders ; 
While as they moved their various arms glanced bright in the 

sunbeam. 
Thus they advanced. But the Trojan host, as sheep, who by 

thousands 
Ready to milk in the fold of some rich man are collected, 
Hearing the cries of their lambs, reply with bleating incessant, 
Thus with tumultuous shouts came on. Confused was their war-cry, 
Various their language. Nations remote were banded together, 
Joi?iing in one wild scream, and rending the sky with their damoicr. 
These were by Ares inspired, but those by blue-eyed Athene. 
Terror was there, and Rout, and Strife insatiably raging : (440) 
Strife, dread sister and constant attendant on murderous Ares, 



Book IV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 81 

(Small she springs up at birth, but soon gigantic in stature 
Stalks she abroad, her feet upon earth, her head in the heavens), 
Wide through the mingling mass she flung forth the seeds of contention, 
Fost'ring the fires of hate, and deep'ning the groans of the heroes. 
Now when at length the hosts were met and were hurled on each 
other, 
Clashed together their spears and the tough bull-hides of their bucklers, 
Breast against breast and might against might they drove, and the 

bosses 
Round, of their shields, met rude, and dire was the crash of their 

meeting. 
Then to the sky broke forth loud shouts and groans of the heroes (450) 
Slaying and slain. Then streamed with blood the ground that they 

trampled. 
As when two torrents, deep in the hollow ravines of a mountain, 
Each from a plenteous source, and swollen by the rains of the winter, 
Foam where they meet, and boil in the rocky pool that receives them : 
Far o'er the echoing hills their roar is heard by the shepherd: 
Thus rose the shouts and shrieks from the mingling hosts of the 
warriors. 
First of the Trojans slain was Teleiisias' son, Echepdlus, 
Bravely leading their van. From Antilochus found he his death-wound. 
He on his crested helm received the spear; and it entered, 
Tearing the cone in its course : then, piercing the bone of the fore- 
head, (460) 
Fixed itself deep in his skull. So darkness gathered around him. 
Down he sank, with a crash, like a falling tow'r in a tempest. 
Him when he fell, Elephenor seized by the feet; Elephenor, 
Great Chalcodon's son, brave chief of the fiery Abantes, 
Hast'ning to drag him beyond the reach of the darts, and despoil him, 
Stripping his arms at once. But brief was the moment allowed him. 
Mighty Agenor beheld him dragging the dead, and his jav'lin 
Drove (as he stooped, and his side displayed, by his buckler unguarded) 
Furious between his ribs. His knees gave way, and his spirit 
Fled, while his life-blood ebbed. Then arose a fiery conflict (470) 
Over the dead, where Trojans and Greeks like wolves were contending, 



82 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IV. 

Closing, man upon man, and dashing themselves on each other. 

Then Telamonian Aias, Anthemion's son Simoeiseus 
Slew, in the opening bloom of his bright young days ; whom his mother 
Gave to the light on Simoi's' banks, what time with her parents 
Down from Ida she came to inspect their flocks. And she called him 
Hence Simoeiseus by name. Ah! sad return for her fondness. 
Brief, too brief was the span of his life : for merciless Aias 
Brandished aloft his mighty spear, and cut short his existence. 
Bravely in youthful pride he came on, but the spear of the warrior (480) 
Pierced his right breast in the pap, and forced its way through the 

shoulder. 
Down he dropped, and rolled on the earth in the dust. As a poplar 
Grown upon some wide watered mead, at the meeting of rivers, 
Smooth in stem, and with branching boughs displayed to the breezes, 
Yields them at length to the keen and ruthless axe of the wainwright ; 
Destined to form the circling curve for the wheel of a chariot. 
Prostrate and with'ring it lies on the banks of the stream that it shaded. 
Thus sank young Simoeiseus, a prey to conquering Aias, 
Spoiled of his beauteous arms. Then Antiphus, offspring of Priam, 
Gay in his varied corselet, his sharp spear hurled at the victor : (490) 
Aias it missed; but Leucus, Odysseus' friend and companion, 
Struck in the groin while dragging aside the corpse, and upon it 
Down he sank, relaxing his grasp, and darkness involved him. 
Dire was Odysseus' rage when he saw the fall of his comrade : 
Forward he rushed, resplendent in arms, to the front of the battle, 
Close to the Trojans he came, and warily looking around him, 
Hurled in their midst his lance. They shrank from the blow and 

retreated, 
Dreading his aim. Yet not in vain was the weapon delivered. 
Hapless Democoon, Priam's son, was destined to feel it, 
Who from Abydos came, where the steeds of Priam were nurtured. (500) 
Him through the temples pierced that deadly spear, by Odysseus 
Forcefully hurled, in vengeance dire for the death of his comrade. 
Down he sank on the earth, and darkness gathered around him, 
While in his fall, with a pond'rous clash, loud rattled his armour. 
Then gave back ev'n Hector himself, and the line of the Trojans : 



Book IV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 83 

Shouted triumphant the Greeks, as they dragged forth the dead to 

despoil them. 
Then rushed forward amain for a fresh assault But Apollo, 
Wrathful, from Ilion saw them, and, shouting, encouraged the Trojans: 
"Rouse. ye! Horsemen of Troy. Stand firm, nor yield to the Grecians. 
Nor are their bodies rocks, nor of steel their flesh, that your lances (510) 
Back should recoil when ye strike them home. Remember ! Achilles, 
He that chief whom ye dread, the unconquered offspring of Thetis, 
Fights no more. In his ships withdrawn he broods o'er his anger." 

Thus spake the dreadful God from Pergamus' height. But AthenS 
Jove's Tritonian daughter, resplendent in glory, the Grecians 
Urged and inspired, pervading their ranks and exalting their ardour; 
Quick'ning the loitering foot, and nerving the arm of the valiant. 

Then fell Diores brave, Amarynchus' son, whom the Thracian 
Peirous, Imbrasus' son, who the warriors of Enos commanded, 
Struck with a jagged stone. On his dexter ankle it lighted, (520) 
Crushing the bone, and relentless tearing the sinews asunder : 
Such was its headlong force. Supine he fell, and expiring 
Stretched forth both his hands to his comrades dear. But the victor 
Following up the blow, with his spear rushed forward and plunged it, 
There in the dust as he lay, in his navel, deep, and his entrails 
Gushed forth at once from the wound, and darkness closed o'er his 

eyelids. 
Him in his turn yEtolian Thoas pierced with his jav'lin 
Straight through the chest — and deep in his lungs the weapon was buried. 
Close approaching, he then tore forth the spear from his bosom, 
Tugging amain; and, unsheathing his sharp and glittering falchion, (530) 
Dealt him, athwart, a deadly gash, and his spirit forsook him. 
Yet became not his arms the victor's spoil: for his comrades, 
Tufted Thracians, with spears advanced, surrounded the body, 
Forcing him, great as he was and renowned for his strength and his 

valour, 
Back from his prey reluclant, and step by step he retreated. 
There in the dust now lay those rival heroes extended, 
Leaders both; of the Thracian host and the bronze-mailed Epeans, 
Side by side; and with many a warrior slaughtered around them. 



84 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IV. 

None who had looked on that day's work, had he passed through 
the combat 
Safe and unharmed by sword or lance, by Pallas Athene (54°) 
Led by the hand secure, and impartially scanning its conducl, 
Aught had beheld to reprove, or deed unworthy of heroes. 
Trojans and Greeks alike had he seen struck down and expiring, 
Prone in the dust, — their wounds in front; partakers in glory. (544) 



THE ILIAD. 

BOOK V. 



BOOK THE FIFTH. 



Argument. 



The battle continues. Diomede and his exploits. Though wounded 
by Pandarus, he is sustained and invigorated by Pallas, and fights more 
fiercely than before. JEneas and Pandarus join to attack him. He slays 
Pandarus, and wounds and would have slaiii JEneas also but for the inter- 
vention of Aphrodite, who carries him off. At the instigation of Pallas he 
pursues and wounds her. She drops JEneas, and retreats to Olympus. 
Apollo saves him from Diomede 's renewed attack, heals his wound, and 
restores him to the fight. The Trojans under Heclor, Sarpedon and JEneas 
advance anew to the combat, led on by Ares. Their exploits. Dio?nede 
and the Greeks are checked. Hera and Pallas descend and encourage the 
Greeks. Pallas supports Diomede ; who meets and wounds Ares, who 
retreats to Olympus. The two Goddesses then quit the field. 




ILIAD. BOOK V. 



IV TOW upon Tydeus' son Diomedes, Pallas Athene 

Valour and might bestowed; that the foremost man of the Argives 
Proud he should stand distinguished, and glory and fame be his portion. 
Flashing afar, with restless gleam, from his shield and his helmet 
Streamed forth a fire, like that which the bright star flings in the 

autumn, 
Fresh from its ocean bath when renewed in splendour it rises. 
Such was the dazzling light that played round his head and his 

shoulders, 
While, by the Goddess impelled, he plunged through the thick of the 

combat. 
One of the Trojans, a wealthy and blameless priest of Hephaestus, 
Dares by name (so it chanced), two sons had sent to the army, (10) 
Phegeus, Idaeus, both to all kinds of fighting accustomed. 
These in advance of the line in their car came rushing upon him, 
Drawn by two fiery steeds, while Tydeides on foot was advancing. 
Nearing each other thus, when now small space was between them, 
Phegeus first dismissed his long-forth-shadowing jav'lin. 
False to his ai?Ji, his mark he missed; and the glittering weapon 
Over the chiefs left shoulder passed. In turn, Diomedes 
Darted his spear. This flew not in vain from the hand of the hero. 
Full in his chest it struck, and hurled him prone from his chariot. 
Down from the beauteous car Idaeus sprang; nor adventured, (20) 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 



Een for a moment, to stay and protect the corse of his brother. 
Yet not thus, not thus had he shunned black death and its horrors, 
Had not Hephoestus been nigh, and snatched him, in mist, from 

destruction, 
Saving from utter bereavement his old and desolate parent. 
Seizing the steeds and the car, the son of magnanimous Tydeus 
Gave them in charge to his faithful friends, to the ships to conduct 

them. 
But when the Trojans beheld those two brave children of Dares, 
One betaken to flight, and one lying dead by his chariot, 
All their hearts with alarm were filled. Then blue-eyed Athene', 
Grasping his hand, these words addressed to the ruler of battles : (30) 
"Ares! Ares blood-stain'd ! destroyer! subverter of ramparts! 
Shall we not leave these Trojans and Greeks to contend for the 

mast'ry ? 
Leave to our Father Zeus to decide on the issues of battle, 
We on our part retiring obedient, shunning his anger?" 
Thus she spake, and led fierce Ares forth from the combat, 
Seating him quietly down on the grass-grown bank of Scamander. 
Then did the Greeks prevail, and the Trojans fled. From among 

them 
Each of the Argive chiefs chose forth his man. Agamemnon 
Hodius, the Halizonian prince, first hurled from his chariot. 
Ev'n as he turned him to flight, the spear through his back found a 

passage, (40) 

Ent'ring between his shoulders and issuing forth through his bosom : 
Down he fell with a crash, and his arms loud rattled around him. 
Slain by Idomeneus' hand was the son of Maeonian Borus, 
Phsestus, who came to the war from the fertile region of Tarne; 
Him, with his long protended spear, the prince of the Cretans [45] 
Through the right shoulder pierced, in the act of mounting his chariot : 
Down he fell from the car, while darkness gathered around him. 
On went the prince, and his followers spoiled the corse of its armour. 

Next, Scamandrius, Strophius' son, delighting in wood-craft, 
Fell to the tough ash spear of Atreus' son, Menelaiis. (50) 

Artemis self had taught him the craft and lore of the hunter: 



Book V.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



How to transfix, or ensnare each beast that roams in the forest. 
This time Artemis aided him not — nor aught might avail him 
Shafts and bow, or the skill which the huntress Queen had imparted; 
For, as he fled, Menelaus' spear through his back found a passage, 
Ent'ring between his shoulders, and issuing forth through his bosom, 
Prone on his face he fell, and his armour rattled around him. 

Slain by Meriones' hand was Pherecles, son of the artist 
Harmonides, much favoured and loved by Pallas Athene'; [60] 

Famed, like his sire, for dext'rous skill and the lore of the craftsman. 
Built by him were the ships which bore Alexander to Argos; (61) 

Ill-fated ships! Dire source of mischief and woe to the Trojans, 
And to himself: — for he knew not the fates, or their warning neglecled. 
Him, as he fled, Meriones reached with his lance, and he struck him 
Through the right hip from behind. The point passed straight through 

the bladder, 
Grazing the bone : on his knees he dropped, all piteously shrieking. 
Death with its mantling pall enwrapped at length, and released him. 

Then fell Pedaeus, the great Antenor's son, whom a stranger 
Gave to his love; and the gertrous care of the noble Theano [70] 
Like her own children nursed, through fond regard for her husband. 
Meges, Phyleus' son, o'ertook him in flight; and he smote him (71) 
Right through the nape of his neck at the back of his head; and the 

weapon 
Cut through his tongue, and between his teeth stood forth : and, 

expiring, 
Down he sank in the dust, the cold steel in his agony biting. 

Siain by Eurypylus next was Hypsenor, son of Dolopion, 
Godlike son of a haughty sire, a priest of Scamander; 
Ev'n as the God he served almost by the people regarded. 
For as he ran with the rest, the valiant son of Evaemon, [79] 

Foil' wing him up in his headlong flight, with his sword on the shoulder 
Dealt him a sweeping blow, and his arm cut sheer from his body. (80) 
Down fell the bleeding limb on the plain; while sinking in darkness 
Death and resistless fate in their purple shadow involved him. 

Thus while the chiefs toiled on through the roar and rage of the 
battle, 



90 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 

Hard 'twere to say to which of the hosts belonged Diomedes ; 
Now in the Trojan rout involved, now mixed with the Grecians. 
Wide o'er the field he rushed, with the headlong force of a torrent 
Swoln by the wint'ry rain, when it bursts its banks, and in ruin 
Bridges uptorn are hurried away; and the dykes that confined it 
Swept from the shores and engulphed in swift and sudden destruction. 
All the wealth of the smiling fields disappears in a moment: (90) 
Vanish the works of man, and the husbandman's hopes are ex- 
tinguished. 
Thus did Tydeides sweep from the field the hosts of the Trojans, 
Scatt'ring in flight. Not one among all their numbers would face him. 

Pandarus, brave Lycaon's son, indignant beheld him 
Driving before him the Trojan ranks, in rout and disorder. 
Straightway his bow he drew, as the chief rushed on, and the arrow 
Sped to its mark dire 61, and the brazen plate of the corslet 
On his right shoulder struck. Through the plate it went, and be- 
neath it 
Pierced to the bone; and the blood gushed forth and streamed o'er 
the corslet. [ I0 °] 

Pandarus shouted aloud, and exulting called to the Trojans : (100) 
''Forward! Heroes of Troy. Goad on your steeds to the 
combat, 
Slain is the bravest Greek : for that stout shaft which I sent him 
Surely he cannot survive; or in vain from my Lycian city 
Phoebus, the son of Zeus, will have sent me hither to aid you." 

Vauntingly thus he spake. But the shaft had failed of its purpose. 
Back for a space the chief withdrew, and in front of the horses 
Standing, Sthenelus thus, great Capaneus' son, he accosted : 

" Sthenelus ! give me thine aid, my friend. Dismount from the chariot ; 

Lend thine hand, and extract this bitter dart from my shoulder." 

Thus he spake. Then Sthenelus sprang from the car; and, 

alighted, (no) = [in] 

Stood by his chief, and the deep-fixed shaft plucked forth from his 

shoulder. 
Straightway the blood gushed forth in a stream through the mail of 
the corslet. 



Book V.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 91 

While the brave hero prayed aloud to Pallas Athene : 

"Daughter of ^Egis-bearing Zeus, invincible! hear me. [ IX 5] 

If to my father e'er thou hast giv'n thine aid and protection 
In the dire straits of Avar : to his son, great Goddess ! extend them, 
Now in his utmost need. Oh ! bring within range of my jav'lin — 
Grant me to slay — this cowardly vaunter, who from a distance 
Out of my reach, unawares, at my life hath aimed, and who boasts him, 
Fool that he is , that the sun shall rise no more on Tydeides." (120) 

Earnestly thus he prayed — and his prayer reached Pallas Athene ; 
All his strength she renewed, and lightened each limber the combat; 
Standing beside him then with inspiring words she addressed him : 

"Now, Diomedes be bold! Renew thy assault on the Trojans. 
All thy intrepid father's fire have I kindled within thee, ( I2 5) 

Such, as when shaking his blazing shield, he mounted his chariot. 
Purged henceforth be the sight of thine eyes from the mist that ob- 
scured it: 
Gods shalt thou now discern from men, when perchance thou shalt 

meet them 
Mingled with either host, and lending their aid to the zuarriors. 
These when thousee'st, thy rage control, and forbear to assail them. (130) 
Strike at all else. But should fair Aphrodite mix in the struggle, 
Daughter of Zeus though she be, let her feel the point of thy weapon." 

Soon as these words were said, from his side Athena departed; 
While once more to the front of the battle flew Diomedes. 
Keen if before he had been, and eager to fight with the Trojans, 
Now with a threefold force did his ardour burn. As a lion 
Whom, o'erleaping the fold, some shepherd hath grazed with an arrow, 
Grazed, but not hurt, when his fleecy charge he pens in the pasture. 
This but the more inflames his rage. Then flies their protector, 
Hiding himself in the stalls, while in terror they huddle together, (140) 
Heaps upon heaps, and bleeding sink, while he revels in carnage. 
Sated at length and exulting, he bounds o'er the fence to his forest. 
Thus Diomedes mixed with the Trojan host, and consumed them. 

Then were Astynoiis slain, and Hypeiron, a prince of the people, 
One through the breast he pierced, above the pap, with his jav'lin; 
Next with his mighty sword the shoulder and arm of the other, 



92 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 

Just where the bones unite, from the neck and back he divided. 
Leaving them dead, on Abas he rushed and brave Polyeides, 
Sons of Eurydamas old, that sage expounder of visions. 
Vision was none vouchsafed him to tell their fate: by Tydeides (150) 
Destined together to fall, and resign their spoils to the victor. 

Xanthus and Thoon, Phcenops' sons, were the next he encountered, 
Dearly belov'd, and the only joy of their age-stricken parent. 
Hope had he none of other sons his wealth to inherit — • 
Both by Tydeides' arm were of life bereft; and their father 
Left in his grief and despair to mourn der the loss of his children. 
Ne'er shall he more receive them with glory returning from battle ! 
Nought remains but to die, and to leave his possessions to strangers. 

Chromios then and Echaemon, sons of Dardanian Priam, 
Both in one chariot borne he grappling seized — as a lion (160) 
Bounding forth from his forest lair on some pasturing heifer 
Breaks its strong neck and crushes it down. Thus vainly resisting, 
Struggling with impotent force, he tore them both from their chariot, 
Hurling theni prone to the earth; and stript their arms; while their 

horses, 
Duly consigned to his comrades' care, he despatched to the vessels. 

Him when yEneas beheld thus wasting the ranks of the Trojans, 
Swift through their host he sped, through the clash of spears and the 

battle, 
Pandarus seeking, Lycaon's son, if perchance he might find him. 
Soon he perceived where stood that brave and godlike commander, 
Whom, in his presence arrived, with words like these he exhorted: (170) 

" Pandarus ! where is thy bow? Where now thy death-winged arrows? 
Where thy unrivalled skill? Is there here one man of the Trojans, 
Aye, or in Lycia's realm can one be found, to surpass thee? 
Come now ! send him a shaft ! this man who lords it among us 
Working us all this ruin, and heaping the ground with our heroes 
Many and brave. But first unto Zeus prefer thy petition, 
Lest that perchance some God this be with the Trojans offended 
For some neglected rite, who wreaks such vengeance upon us." 

Then in his turn replied the valiant son of Lycaon : 
" Noble yEneas, distinguished alike in fight and in council! (180) 



Book V.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 93 

This, if each mark deceive me not, is the brave Diomedes. 
Well do I know the blaze of his shield and his towering helmet ; 
Those are his steeds. Yet a God it indeed may be in his likeness. 
But if a man, and the man I name, Diomedes in person, 
Then be thou sure some God stands nigh, cloud-veiled, to inspire him, 
Urging him on to deeds of frantic and desperate daring ; 
Blunting, or turning aside the shaft full aimed at his bosom. 
'Twas but this moment a dart I sped, which full on his shoulder 
Lighted, forcing its way through the stiff-wrought plate of his corslet. 
Surely I then would have sworn that to Hell's deep shades I had sent 

him. i 1 ^) 

There, however, unharmed he stands. Some God must be angry! 
Horses here have I none, nor chariot to bear me to combat. 
Chariots eleven stand in the halls of my father Lycaon, 
Handsome and new, fresh plated and wrought, and each with its mantle 
Shrouded around; and beside them, in pairs, stand ready for harness 
Idle steeds, who consume white spelt, and fatten on barley. 
Much did my sire exhort me, that aged warrior Lycaon, 
Ere I to war set forth, — in the regal halls of his palace, — 
Forth with chariot and horses to fare, mid lead on the Trojans 
Mounted, and borne on high in my car through the rage of the 

combat. (200) 

Would I had ta'en his advice — for that I perceive had been wiser. 
There however I left them, and marched with the footmen to Ilion. 
Thinking to spare my coursers, and dreading the cost of their forage 
Likely to fail in a city so thronged : — (they, accustomed to plenty). 
So to my bow I trusted, and feebly indeed has it served me. 
Two, their bravest and best, have felt my shafts. Menelaiis 
First I struck — then Tydeus' son; and blood undissembled 
Streamed from them both. In vain! for their wounds but served to 

enrage them. 
Luckless indeed was the day when I took my bow a?id my quiver 
Down from the peg where they idly hung and to Ilion bore them, (210) 
Leading the troops of Troy, in the cause of glorious Hector. 
Sure as I ever again set eyes on my wife and my country, 
Sure as once more I behold that grand old house of my fathers, 



94 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 

So may some stranger's hand strike off this head from my shoulders, 
Break I not up this worthless toy, this bow, and these arrows, 
Fit for nought else but to feed the flames ; where then I shall cast 
them. 

Thus then ^Eneas replied, the warlike chief of the Trojans : 
" Cease this needless harangue! Let us both unite to attack him. 
This is our only course. Nought else will avail. In the chariot 
Shield against shield, and lance against lance, let us meet him in 
combat : (220) 

Mount then at once, and mark how bravely my coursers will bear us, 
Sweeping across the plain, now here, now there, now advancing, 
Fierce to the charge — now swift in pursuit — now haply retreating. 
Should the decrees of Zeus give conquest and fame to Tydeides, 
These, in the worst event, will secure our return to the city. 
Take thou the whip and the varnished reins. Myself o'er the horses, 
Planted in front, will receive his assault : or do thou, if it please thee, 
Face him with spear and shield, and mine be the care of the chariot." 

Thus then in turn replied the valiant son of Lycaon : 
"Take thou the reins, ^Eneas, and guide thy steeds. They will 
bear us ( 2 3°) 

Better, beneath a hand they know, in thy car, to the combat : 
Or, should the foe prevail, retreat more safely and swiftly. 
Missing thy well known voice and thy touch, in some perilous moment 
Restive, they might refuse the rein, and entangle the chariot : 
So should we fall a prey to Tydeides' lance, and the victor 
(One and the other being slain) drive off thy coursers in triumph. 
Look thou then to the steeds and the car, while I with my jav'lin 
Pointed and keen, advanced, confront this scourge of our armies." 

Thus resolved, they desisted from words, and, mounting the chariot, 
Down on Tydeides bore at the utmost speed of their horses. (240) 
Sthenelus then, brave Capaneus' son, who beheld them advancing, 
Promptly these warning words addressed to his chief Diomedes : 
"Friend of my heart, belov'd and revered, great Tydeus' offspring! 
Lo! where two mighty chiefs approach, both eager to slay thee, 
Both of transcendent force. The first I know for the archer 
Pandarus, proud of his birth as heir of royal Lycaon: 



Book V.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 95 

With him ^Eneas comes, brave son of the pious Anchises, 
Claiming a loftier descent as the child of bright Aphrodite. 
Therefore in time retire. Come! mount thy car, and no longer 
Headlong rush through the fight, where death and destruction await 
thee." (250) 

Bending upon him a scornful frown, thus spake Diomedes : 
''Talk not of fear or flight to me : such counsel is wasted. 
'Tis not for hearts like mine to skulk or shudder at danger, 
Nor is my strength subdued, or nerves unstrung for the combat. 
Shameful I hold it to mount yon car. On foot will I meet them, 
Here as I stand : for Pallas Athena forbids me to tremble. 
Both these warriors 'scape not hence by the speed of their horses. 
One by this hand shall fall, though the other to flight may betake him. 
But should the wise decrees and the powerful aid of Athene' 
Give me the glory to slay them both, then, list what I tell thee : (260) 
Bear it in mind. Detain these steeds which hither have borne thee, 
Fast'ning the reins to the rim of the car. Then lose not a 7noment, 
Spring to JEneas' place, and, seizing the reins of his horses, 
Drive them at once from the Trojan host to the camp of the Grecians. 
They from celestial sires their race derive, which the Thund'rer 
Gave as a prize to Tros for the loss of his son Ganymedes. 
None that the circling sun beholds can match them in fleetness. 
Stol'n was the breed through earthly mares, by royal Anchises 
Furtively brought to Laomedon's stalls. Six colts were the produce, 
Foaled in Anchises' palace, and nursed with care: who, retaining (270) 
Four for himself, this matchless pair bestowed on ^Eneas ; 
Trained from their birth to war, and inured to the terrors of battle. 
These could we capture, rich were the spoil, far richer the glory." 

Thus while the two communed, and the Prince stood ready for acliou, 
On came rattling in full career the car of his foemen. 
Nearing him, thus then spake the redoubted son of Lycaon : 

"Brave as thou art, great Tydeus' son, prepare to defend thee! 
What though my keen and biting shaft once failed of its purpose, 
Sharper and surer now shaft thou find the point of my jav'lin." (279) 

Ceasing, his long-forth-shadowing spear he hurled : and the weapon 
Full on Tydeides' shield struck sharp, and straight through the buckler 



96 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 

Forc'd its impetuous way, till its point just short of the corslet 
Reached ; and exulting shouted aloud the son of Lycaon : 

"Now thou art slain outright ! Thy flank is pierced, and the moments 
Numbered thou hast to live! And mine is the triumph and glory." 

Undismayed, Diomedes then this answer returned him: 
" This time too thou hast failed. Unhurt I stand. But expect not, 
Living, ye both shall quit this field. Hurled down from your chariot, 
One or the other shall glut with his blood insatiate Ares." 

Ending, he darted aloft his spear, which Athena directed (290) 
Full upon Pandarus' face, 'twixt the nose and eye : and the weapon 
Crashed through his ivory teeth and clave his tongue, and descending 
Stood forth, gleaming and bright, from beneath his chin. And he 

tumbled 
Headlong down from the car, and his bright arms rattled around him. 
Started aside with nnwotited fear those swift-footed coursers ; 
While, as he lay, his strength ebbed forth and his spirit forsook him. 

Swift from the car ^Eneas sprang, with spear and with buckler, 
Eager to guard the dead, lest the Greeks should seize and despoil him. 
Round him he stalked in his might, like a lion defending his quarry; 
O'er him his dreadful spear and his shield's vast shadow extending (300) 
Ready to slay whoe'er might advance ; right fearfully shouting. 
Then Diomedes a huge rough stone upheaved. But to raise it 
Two strong men, such as men now are, would be tasked. Yet he 

swung it 
Easily round, the enormous mass! Then full at ./Eneas 
Hurled it amain. On his hip it fell; just there where the thigh-bone 
Plays, at the hip, in its socket-joint (so called): and it lighted, 
Crushing the joint, and rending the strong-knit sinews asunder, 
Stripping the skin with its rugged points. Down sinking in anguish 
Knelt he; his hand on the ground sustained: and the Sittings of 

darkness 
Gathered before his reeling sight, as his senses forsook him. (310) 

Then for ever had closed the gates of death on ^Eneas, 
Had not bright Aphrodite, with watchful care for the offspring 
Whom to Anchises she bore, when his herds were ranging on Ida, 
Seen his distress. Her belov'd in her snow-white arms she enfolded, 



Book V.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 97 

Wrapping around him her shining veil to conceal and protect him. 
Lest in the rush of the Danaan horse and storm of the jav'lins 
Some stray weapon his heart should pierce, and cut short his existence. 

Stealthily thus Aphrodite' conveyed her son from the battle. 
Capaneus' son meanwhile, his lord's injunction rememb'ring — 
That strict charge so lately received from brave Diomedes — (320) 
First, aside from the tumult his own good steeds and his chariot 
Drew, and the reins made fast to the rim : then, quickly returning, 
Seized and guided the long-maned steeds and the car of -.-Eneas 
Forth from the Trojan host to the bright array of the Grecians : 
These to Deipylus gave, his own true friend and companion, 
One like himself in heart, whom most he trusted and honoured, 
Bidding him drive them away to the ships. And now to his chariot 
Springing, the whip and the varnished reins he seized, and the horses 
Swift o'er the plain with thund'ring hoofs sought out Diomedes. 
He meanwhile with relentless spear pursued Aphrodite'; (33°) 

Well did he know how weak her force in the combats of heroes, 
Unlike those dread Pow'rs who sway the wild tempest (/"battle, 
Pallas with jEgis and spear, or the dire, wide-wasting Enyo. 
Her through crowded ranks, through the clash of arms and the tumult, 
Tydeus' son pursued, and with lance outstretched overtook her. 
Then with a bound rushed on, and her soft hand pierced with his 

weapon. 
Through the ambrosial veil it passed, which the Graces had woven, 
Razing her snow-white skin where the palm to the wrist is united. 
Streamed forth at once from the wound the pure rich blood of the 

goddess, 
Ichor, such as celestial veins may pour. For th" immortals (340) 
Bread neither eat, ner drink they the dark red wine. And we deem 

them 
Bloodless, therefore, undying, and freed from decay or corruption. 
Wounded, however, a piercing shriek sent forth Aphrodite. 
Casting her son from her arms. Him rescued Phcebus Apollo, 
Safe in a cloud involved, and bore, unseen by the Grecians, 
So that no weapon his breast might pierce and cut short his existence, 
While in a thundering voice thus spake incensed Diomedes : 



98 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 

"Daughter of Zeus! retire from scenes of blood and contention, 
Go! and beguile weak women — a part which better befits thee. 
Well do I deem, if in battles thou mix, fresh terrors await thee (350) 
Such as henceforth at the name of war shall teach thee to shudder." 

Ended the chief. Confused and o'erwhelmed the goddess departed, 
Iris the swift sustaining and leading her forth from the tumult, 
Fainting with pain: her lovely cheek all livid with terror. 
Ares she found, on the left of the field, withdrawn from the battle, 
Seated: his horses and arms in mist involved and in darkness. 
Low at his knee to her brother she bent, and besought that his chariot 
Bright, and his gold-reined steeds he would lend, to Olympus to bear 
her: 

"Dearest brother ! Grant me a kindness. Lend me thy horses 
Back to Olympus to bear me, the home of the blessed Immortals, (360) 
See ! what a wound I bear, by the hand of a mortal inflicted, 
Tydeus' son, who would strike out at Father Zeus in his madness" 

Thus she spake. And Ares the gold-bitted horses accorded, 
Sad was her heart and faint her step as she mounted the chariot : 
Iris beside her grasped the reins, and guided the horses, 
Lashing them on, and they flew with right good will on their journey. 
Soon to Olympus they came, high home of the blessed immortals. 
There they alighted, and Iris the swift, unyoking the coursers, 
Led them away to their stalls, and fed with ambrosial fodder. 

Then on her mother Dione's knees divine Aphrodite (37°) 

Flung herself, drowned in tears. She fondly embracing her daughter, 
Soothed with caressing hand, and endearingly naming, bespoke her : 

"Which of the Pow'rs, my child, so foul an outrage hath wrought 
thee, 
Ruthless, as if in revenge for some wrong openly done him?" 

Then complamingly answered the goddess of smiles, Aphrodite : 
"Wounded thou see'st me by Tydeus' insolent son Diomedes, 
As from the flight I bore my darling son, my ^Eneas, 
Grievously hurt: for dearly beyond all others I love him. 
This is no war of Greek against Trojan. Daring and impious, 
Lo! they assail th' immortal Gods, and contend with Olympus." (380) 

Calm and serene, to her daughter's plaint Dione responded : 



Book V.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 99 

" Patience, my child ! whate'er thy griefs. Complaining is useless. 
Woes and affronts from the sons of men too oft have we suffered, 
Dwellers albeit on high. They, in turn, by the gods are afflicted. 
Ares himself, held bound by Otus and stern Ephialtes, 
Strong Aloaeus' sons, lay groaning in fetters and darkness. 
Thirteen moons, immured in a brass-barred dungeon they held him. 
There well-nigh had he groaned forth his soul ; but fair Eribcea, 
Consort of Zeus, his woes beheld, and came to his rescue. 
Hermes she sent, who with dext'rous craft deceiving his gaolers (390) 
Carried him off, more dead than alive : for the chain had subdued him. 
Deep was the wound and fierce the pangs which imperial Hera 
Felt, from a shaft thrice barbed, and drenched with the venom of Lema, 
In her right breast infixed by the hand of the son of Amphitryon. 
Wing'd by the selfsame hand, such a shaft the rude bosom of Hades 
Pierced, in his own dark halls of the dead, in the gate of his palace, 
High 071 his throne where he sat supreme, and plunged him in 

torments. 
Up to the light at once, to the dwellings of Zeus in Olympus, 
Groaning with anguish he came (the shaft still rankling and rooted 
Deep in his iron shoulder), beseeching Apollo to aid him. (400) 

Pason with healing balms his pains assuaged, and restored him 
Whole as before : for nought that could die pertained to his nature. 
"Rude and presumptuous man! could nought restrain thee from 

outrage, 
Nought withhold thy arms from assailing the pow'rs of Olympus? 
(Pallas alone, my child, could have urged him thus to assault thee.) 
Knows he not, blind as he is, that whoe'er with the blessed immortals 
Measures his feeble strength, his date of existence is shortened ? 
Him no lisping welcome awaits, returning from warfare; 
Climbing a father's knees, no fond group gathers around him. 
Let him beware, this Tydeus' son, lest a mightier than thou art, (410) 
Brave though he be, cut short his career, and confound his presumption. 
Now,, even now, methinks I hear the shrieks of his consort 
Starting from broken slumbers, and rousing her faithful attendants, 
Wild with despair and grief, and filling her palace with outcries, 
Calling on him she shall see no more, her lost Diomedes." 



7—2 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 



Thus she spake, and wiped the blood from the hand of her daughter. 
Healed was the wound, and assuaged the pain. But Athena and Here, 
Standing together apart, looked on disdainfully smiling, 
Angering Zeus with their whispered taunts and sarcastic reflections. 
Pallas at length outspake, and in words like these she addressed 
him : (420) 

"Father supreme! may I speak, nor dread by my words to offend 
thee? 
Cypris, methinks, has been tempting some Grecian dame, and beguiled 

her 
One of her Trojan fav'rites to follow: (so dearly she loves them!) 
Doubtless she then, while smoothing her robes and sweetly caressing, 
Wounded that delicate hand with the golden clasp of her girdle." 

Thus as she spake, with a smile the Father of Gods and of mortals, 
Bright Aphrodite called to his side, and thus he addressed her: 
"Thee it befits not, my child, to mix in the horrors of battle, 
Rather be thine the care to unite fond lovers in marriage; 
Leaving the ruder tasks of war to Athena and Ares." (43°) 

Such were the scenes that passed, and such the discourse in Olympus. 
While Diomedes rushed with resounding shouts on yEneas. 
Nought recked he (though he knew full well that Phoebus Apollo 
O'er him his mighty arm stretched forth to protect), in his fury 
Panting for slaughter, and longing to strip the spoils of his foeman, 
Forward thrice did he rush, in headlong charge, on ^Eneas ; 
Thrice dashed back was his blazing shield by the hand of Apollo. 
But when his wond'rous strength for a fourth assault he collected, 
Dread was the menace, stern the rebuke which broke from the 
Godhead ! 

"Tydeus' son, be wise! Retire! nor dream with immortals (440) 
Earth-born force to compare. Too wide is the space that divides thee, 
Creature of dust! from the deathless race that rules in Olympus." 

Thus he spake. And Tydeides a few short paces receded, 
Dreading to meet the wrath of the bright far-darting Apollo : 
Phoebus, the while, the fainting chief from the crowd and the conflict 
Bore to his own high fane in the sacred city of Priam. 
There in that mighty shrine, by Leto and Artemis tended, 



Book V.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 101 

Healed were his wounds, and he stood restored in strength, and in glory. 

Then by the God of the silver bow was a phantom created, 
Like to ^Eneas in size, i?i form, in feature, and armour. (45°) 

Over the shadowy form and around it the Greeks and the Trojans, 
Bosom to bosom, and foot to foot, confronted and struggling, 
Clashed the broad orbs of their shields, and the light defence of their 
targets. 

Phoebus, the furious god of war then sought, and addressed him : 
"Ares! Ares, bloodstained! destroyer! o'erturner of ramparts! 
Wilt thou not meet this insolent man and away from the battle 
Tear him by force? who would fight with our Father Zeus in his madness. 
Cypris he first assailed, and pierced her hand with his javlin, 
Then on myself he rushed, with might scarce less than immortal." 
Thus having said, for Pergamus' lofty seats he departed. (460) 

Ares fierce, meanwhile went rousing the host of the Trojans 
All through their ranks, like Acamas swift, the chief of the Thracians, 
Thus bespeaking the sons of Priam, the favour'd of heaven : 

"Son of the glorious Priam — that prince the favour'd of heaven, 
Say! How long will ye suffer the Greeks to slaughter your armies? 
Up to your very gates shall the carnage spread? And ALneas, 
Mighty Anchises' son, great Hector's equal in glory, 
Here will ye leave, struck down and trampled, a prey to the spoiler 1 
Forward! Bear we his honoured remains away from the tumult." 

Then with a martial zeal was each Troian bosom dilated. (47°) 

Then by Sarpedon words of reproof unto Hector were spoken : 
"Hector: where is thy valour, thy wonted prowess in battle? 
Didst thou not boast that, alone and unaided, thou and thy brethren, 
Kithe and kin, would the city defend, nor need our assistance ? 
Now not a man can mine eyes discern of your vaunted relations. 
Crouching afar, like dogs they cow'r when the lion is rampant. 
While, when it comes to fighting, 'tis we, your allies, who must combat. 
Hither, in aid of your cause, have I brought my Lycian squadrons, 
Summoned from realms remote, from the banks of eddying Xanthus, 
Leaving behind my dear-loved wife with her babe at her bosom. (480) 
Leaving my rich possessions, the envy of all who behold them. 
Here, however, thou see'st me, my Lycians heading and ready 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 



E'en with that man to fight, though my stake is nought in your quarrel: 
Nought have I here, to swell the spoils of the conquering Grecians. 
And canst thou here inactive stand, nor exhort thy companions 
Bravely to hold their ground, and protect their wives and their 

children ? 
Look to it now! lest around you they tighten their toils, and like 

hunters 
Closing upon their prey, make an easy prize of your weakness, 
Whelming your city and all it holds in destruction and ruin. 
This be thy daily care and thy nightly thought : to encourage (490) 
All your friends and allies, by example and earnest entreaty, 
Bravely to persevere and dismiss all rival pretensions." 

Thus Sarpedon : and bitterly fell the reproof upon Hector. 
Down to the earth at once he sprang, full armed from his chariot, 
Brandishing two sharp spears: and he passed through the ranks of 

the Trojans, 
Rousing their courage afresh, and filling their bosoms with ardour. 
Quickly they formed once more inline, and advanced on the Grecians. 
They, on their part with unshaken front, awaited the onset. 

As when the winnowing winds from the sacred floor of the thresher, 
Drift the light-whirling chaff by the labouring hind toss't heav'n- 

wards, (5°°) 

While from the golden grain Demeter the husk is dividing, 
Heaps upon heaps it whitens around: — on the helms <?/*the Grecians, 
Thus, and their glitf ring arms, white settled the dust, that on all sides 
Rose to the tramp of steeds, and the chariot-wheels, and in eddies 
Rolled 'neath the brazen vault of Heav'n. Back rushed they to battle, 
Pushing amain; straight on. Fierce Ares, aiding the Trojans, 
Thickened the gloom, and veiled with a death-like shadow the combat. 
All through their host he went, and fulfilled the commission of Phoebus, 
Lord of the golden sword, to inflame their rage and excite them, 
Boldly to charge on the foe; for now, withdrawn from the contest, (510) 
Pallas Athena no more he beheld supporting the Grecians. 

Phoebus himself meanwhile, from his gorgeous shrine in the city, 
Sent forth ^Eneas, valour infusing and might in his bosom. 
Shouted his brave companions in arms to receive him among them, 



Book V.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 103 

Him, their Prince, their leader in fight — in life, and in safety- 
Whole, and strong as before. Unquestioned however he joined them. 
Other and sterner work discourse forbade ; by Apollo, 
Ares, scourge of mankind, and insatiate Eris, appointed. 

Then did each Aias, then did Odysseus and brave Diomedes, 
Cheer on their Greeks to the fight. They, indeed, recked nought 
of the Trojans, (5 2 °) 

Holding i7i equal scorn their assault, and their boisterous outcry. 
Fixed they remained, like clouds which around the crest of a mountain 
Motionless hang, while Boreas sleeps; by the word of Kronion 
Hushed into calm; and the shrill-voiced blasts that would scatter 

their shadows, 
Drifting them far and wide o'er the plain, lie sunk into silence : 
Brooding, i7i solemn array, they expect the awakening tempest: 
Thus stood the Greeks, expe cling the Trojan attack. But Atreides 
Hast'ning from rank to rank to the troops thus issued his orders : 

"Now, my friends! be men. Keep up your hearts in the struggle, 
Strive to out-do each other, and each be to each an example. (53°) 
Safety nor fame e'er waits upon him who flies; while the valiant, 
Nobly fighting, secures his life in the chances of battle." 

Thus he spake, and swift at the word forth darted his jav'lin, 
Striking Deicoon, Pergasus' son, a chief of distinction, 
Comrade and friend of brave ^Eneas; honoured in Troia, 
Next to the sons of Priam: — for aye was he eager in battle, 
Foremost to fight. Agamemnon's spear struck full on the buckler, 
Pow'rless to check its force ; for it went straight through, and his girdle 
Pierced; nor arrested its course till deep infixed in his belly :. 
Down he fell, with a crash, and his armour rattled around him. (540) 

Then did ^Eneas slay two valiant chiefs of the Grecians, 
Crethon and Orsilocheus, both sons of wealthy Diodes. 
He, their father, dwelt in the strong-built city of Phere, 
Tracing his high descent from the God of the river Alphseus, 
In the wide-watered realms of the Pylian land. From Alphaeus 
Sprang the first Orsilocheus, wide ruling many a people ; 
Thence, in the next descent, the sceptre passed to Diodes. 
These were his twin-born sons, well train'd in the practice of warfare. 



104 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 

Crethon and Orsilocheus, sent forth in prime of their manhood, 
Who upon Ilion's shore from their sable ships, with the Argives (550) 
Landed, seeking revenge for Atreides their king and his brother. 
Honour to win in the fields of fame while fondly expeclifig, 
Death cut short their career, and o'ershadowed the dawn of .their glory. 
As when two mountain lions which, reared in the den of their mother, 
Deep in the tangled woods, break forth for ravage and slaughter, 
Down they rush on the herds and the fatt'ning sheep and the herdsmen 
Tear from their shelt'ring stalls; till vengeance is roused, and, o'er- 

mastered, 
Far from their native woods they fall by the spears of the hunters. 
Thus by ^Eneas' hands these two lay slain and extended 
Side by side; like pines laid' low by the axe of the woodman. (560) 

Pitying their fall, Menelaiis, refulgent in glittering armour, 
Rushed at once to the front, loud shouting his terrible war-cry, 
Shaking his spear he advanced ; urged on and tempted by Ares, 
Longing to witness his fall by the strong right hand of ^Eneas. 
This perceiving, Antilochus, Nestor's son, for the issue 
Trembling (should great Menelaiis, the shepherd and guide of his 

people 
Suffer defeat, and all be lost), rushed eagerly forward. 
Close by his leader and prince his. stand he took: as the heroes, 
Each advancing on each, made ready for fight, and their lances 
Poised in their hands, each bending an angry scowl 011 the other. (570) 
But when ^Eneas beheld these two combined to oppose him, 
Brave as he was, he refused such odds-, withdrew from the contest. 
Then. from the press the dead they drew to the ranks of the Grecians, 
Passing their sad remains to the faithful hands of their comrades, 
Then to the front returned,, and mixed once more in the combat. 
Next fell Pylsemenes, chief of the Paphlagonian warriors, 
Godlike in fight, and leading a noble band. Menelaiis, 
Atreus' warlike son, that spearman famed, with his jav'lin 
Dealt him a deadly stroke where the neck unites to the shoulder. 
Mydon, Atymnus' son, his brave and faithful attendant, (580) 

Fell by Antilochus' hand in the act of turning his horses. 
Struck by a huge rough stone on the arm, from his paralysed fingers 



Book V.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 105 

Dropped the white-ivory-broidered reins. As he stooped to regain them, 
Forward Antilochus sprang, with his sword deep gashing his temple. 
Headlong he pitched from the gorgeous car, and gasped forth his spirit. 
Plunging he fell, and fixed in the dust, on his head and his shoulders 
Stood for a while, sustained by the heapy sand, till the horses, 
Restive and trampling, cast him down : and Antilochus, mounting, 
Lashed them to speed, and drove them swift to the ranks of the 
Grecians. 

Hector beheld, as he looked through the thick ning fight, and upon 
them (59°) 

Shouting aloud he rushed; and the serried array of the Trojans 
Followed their chief. With him came Ares and dreadful Envo; 
outrage, confusion, unbridled fury, attended the Goddess. 
Ares now before Hector advanced, and in front of his onset 
Shook his tremendous spear, now stalked in his terrors behind him. 

Then came a thrill of dread o'er the manly heart of Tydeides. 
Just as a trav'ller, threading a lengthened maze, and uncertain 
"Whither his path may lead, unawares encounters a river 
Rolling to seaward in foam, and at once his steps he retraces, 
So drew back Diomedes, and thus addressed his companions : (600) 
"Friends ! no wonder we view with amaze the prowess of Hector, 
How like a god he appears ! how brave, how noble in combat! 
One of the gods is ever at hand and attends on his safety. 
There, by his side, in person, in form like a man, I behold him. 
Therefore be wise. Retire ! But keep your front to the Trojans ; 
Here we cannot prevail. 'Tis madness to fight with th' immortals." 

Thus he spake. But the Troian host was already upon them. 
Hector at once two warriors slew, distinguished for valour, 
Both in one chariot borne — Anchialus brave and Menesthes. 
Pitying their fate rushed forward the great Telamonian Aias (610) 
Close to the Trojan ranks, and hurled his glittering weapon. 
Selagus' son, Amphius, it struck, whom Fate had conducted 
Far from Paesus, his native town; from his lands and his riches 
Aid to afford to Priam and Priam's sons, and to perish. 
Him through the belt transfixed the great Telamonian Aias. 
Deep in his body was planted the long-forth-shadowing jav'lin. 



106 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 

Crashing he fell: and to seize his spoils illustrious Aias 
Rushed on amain. But the Trojan spears came show'ring upon him 
Gleaming and sharp, till their bristling shafts stood thick on his buckler. 
Pressing his heel on the corpse, his brazen spear he recovered. (620) 
Nought could he more; for to strip from its shoulders the glittering 

armour 
Time and his force sufficed not. Beset with foemen on all sides, 
Swords, spears, close-compacted shields came crowding around him, 
Wielded by stalwart forms, both many and fierce: and unwilling, 
Great as he was, renowned, and brave, they forced him before them. 
Struggling, indignant, with might and main, o'erwhelmed, he retreated. 

Thus did they toil, and in deadly fray thus struggled the heroes. 
Fate meanwhile the mighty Tlepolemus, son of Heracles, 
Godlike Sarpedon, offspring of Zeus, urged on to encounter. 
Forth in front of the ranks they strode, approaching each other, (630) 
Grandson and son as they were of cloud-compelling Kronion. 
Silence first Tlepolemus broke, and this was his challenge : 

"What, O Sarpedon! great in thy Lycian senate, in warfare 
Feeble and slight, can have brought thee hither to quail and to tremble? 
False is their tale, who say that Zeus, the great iEgis-upholder, 
Thou for thy sire may'st claim. How far were those thy superiors, 
They who in olden time such lineage rightfully boasted ! 
Such was my own great sire, th' invincible might of Herakles, 
He who the soul of a hero bore, and the heart of a lion. 
Hither he came, in the war for Laomedon's steeds, unsupported, (640) 
Six were his ships, no more! and few the troops that he mustered; 
Yet he subdued yon city, and filled its dwellings with widows. 
As for thyself, thy spirit is mean, thy nation decaying : 
Small is the aid, and poor the support thou bring'st to the Trojans, 
Leaving thy Lycian realm. And wert thou nobler and braver, 
Yet should my spear dismiss thy soul through the portals of Hades." 

Thus to his boasts responded the Lycian prince, Sarpedon: 
"Rightly, Tlepolemus ! smote thy sire yon Irian city. 
Harsh were the words and rude the taunts by Laomedon uttered, 
Prompted by evil counsel (ungrateful return for his friendship), (650) 
When he refused the steeds by Herakles justly demanded. 



Book V\] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 107 

This for the past. But now swift doom and destruction await thee, 
Here at my hands. By this lance shalt thou fall, and add to my glory, 
Yielding thy soul to the rider of death's black steed, Aidoneus." 

Thus Sarpedon. His tough ash spear Tlepolemus brandished. 
In the same instant flew from their hands both weapons. Sarpedon's 
Lighted full in the midst of his foeman's throat, and the windpipe 
Pierced with the deadly point straight through; and he sank overpowered, 
While the thick shades of eternal darkness closed o'er his eyelids. 
But with less skilful aim dispatched, Tlepolemus' jav'lin (660) 

Smote the left thigh of the Lycian prince, and, forcing a passage, 
Grated across the bone. But Zeus forbade his destruction. 
Rushed to his aid the friends of the wounded chief, and they bore him 
Forth from the fight — sore hurt by the long spear dragging behind him, 
For in their eager haste to place him secure on a chariot, 
None gave a thought to extract that tough ash spear from the suff'rer; 
Such was the press around, and such the toil and the danger. 
Dead Tlepolemus too by the bright-greaved Greeks, his companions, 
Off from the field was borne. This fired the soul of Odysseus 
Vengeance to take : for his heart was grieved and his wrath was 

excited, (670) 

Doubtful awhile he stood, and perplexed in spirit, debating 
Whether to follow and slay the retiring son of the Thund'rer, 
Or to spread havoc and death through the vulgar throng of the 

Lycians. 
Not to his lance howe'er was decreed the fall of Sarpedon, 
Son of immortal Zeus. That, fate had reserved for a?iother : 
And on the Lycian host Athena directed his fury. 
Koiranus first he slew. Then Chromius fell, and Alastor, 
Halius next, Noemon, Alcander, and Prytanis perished. 
More of the Lycian host had Odysseus hurled to destruction, 
But that the piercing glance of crest- waving Hector observed him. (680) 
And to the van he advanced, all sheathed in glittering armour, 
Struck were the Greeks with dread. — When Sarpedon beheld him 

approaching 
Cheered was his heart, though his voice was faint, as thus he 
- addressed him : 



108 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 

" Leave me not, Priamus' son, here stretched, a prey to the Grecians, 
Rescue me ! Let me expire within the walls of your city : 
There full fain would T breathe my last, since fate hath forbid me 
Ever again to behold my native land, and returning 
Gladden the hearts of my dear-loved wife and innocent children." 

Thus Sarpedon, offspring of Zeus. But Hector replied not. 
Waving his lofty plume, on the Greeks he rushed, to disperse 
them (690) 

Eager; and longing to dye the plain with the blood of their bravest. 
Under a beauteous beech meanwhile, to the Thunderer sacred, 
Borne from the press with care Sarpedon's comrades had laid him; 
Pelagon, trusty and brave, his much-loved friend and companion, 
Then from his thigh wrenched forth that tough ash spear: and his 

senses 
Left him at once, and his swimming sight dark mists overshadowed. 
Yet he. revived, and his strength returned, as the breezes of Boreas, 
Life to his frame, and breath to his panting bosom imparted. 

Now before Ares fierce,, and mail-clad He c~t or, the Argives 
Neither advanced nor fled. Their sable vessels they sought not, (700) 
Nor could they hold their ground; but backwards ever recoiling, 
Step by step they retreated : for Ares, they heard, was against them. 

Now let the Muse recount who first, who last of the Grecians 
Fell by the conquering hands- of Hector, and panoplied Ares ! 
Teuthras the godlike, Orestes brave, the reiner of horses, 
Trechus, the famed ^Etolian warrior; bold CEnomaiis: 
Helenus, CEnops' son; Oresbius intent upon profit, 
Vain, albeit, of his, broidered belt. From his mansion in Hyle, 
Bord'ring on fair Cephisus' lake, he came, where his kinsmen 
Fat Boeotia's soil maintained in lazy abundance. (7 IQ ) 

Hera, the white-armed queen of Heav'n, indignant beheld them 
Scattering death through the Argive host; and to Pallas Athene 
Turning, in words of impatient wrath accosted the goddess : 
"What then! invincible daughter of ./Egis-bearing Kronion, 
Thus, shall our pledge be vain which we gave to the brave Menelaiis, 
Troy's proud walls to subvert and restore him in triumph to Argos. 
Thus shall we suffer insulting Ares to rage and to slaughter? 



Book V.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 109 

Not so ! Join with me now, and bear we our part in the combat." 
Thus she spake : and blue-eyed Pallas, rejoicing, obeyed her 
Hastily; then imperial Here, daughter of Kronos, (7 2 °) 

Braced on th' immortal coursers their frontlets of gold and their 

harness ; 
Hebe the brazen wheels then fixed to the car, on an axle 
Wrought out of polished steel. Eight spokes each bore, and the 

felloes 
Flamed resplendent of gold indestructible. Round them were fastened 
Tires of brass, close-binding, a wondrous work. But the chariot 
Hung suspended on bands of silver and gold, and a border 
Gracefully curving in two-fold swell projected before it. 
Silver were both the naves, and the pole of silver refulgent 
Stood forth in front, and received the yoke which she fastened 

upon it, 
Splendidly wrought of gold. Then Here led forth the coursers, (730) 
Placed on their necks the yoke, and the reins attached and conducted 
Back to the car; then mounted, all eager and panting for battle. 

Pallas Athene, daughter of ^Egis-bearing Kronion, 
Then let fall on the floor of her father's palace the mantle 
Gloriously wrought which the skill of her own fair hands had 

embroidered. 
Then in the arms of cloud-compelling Zeus she arrayed her, 
Donning his corslet for dreary war and the horrors of battle. 
Broad o'er her shoulders slung was the dreadful Thunderer's ^Egis, 
Serpent-fringed, whose sculptured orb pale terror encircled, 
flight, pursuit, o'erwhelming force, and bloody contention; (740) 
While in the centre glared Jove's dire portent of the Gorgon, 
Monstrous and ghastly; a sight which 7ione might survive who beheld it. 
Raised on ridges of gold four plumes o'ershadowed her helmet, 
Rich with the spoil of a hundred towns and the forms of their warriors. 
Armed, on the fiery car she sprang, firm grasping her jav'lin, 
Stubborn and huge, with whose pond'rous force uplifted in anger, 
Child of a mighty sire, she quells the array of her foemen. 
Forthwith Hera the scourge applied and excited the coursers. 
Clanging, self-open'd, the gates of Heav'n flew wide, by the Horae 



no THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 

Guarded, to whom are entrusted the portals of Heav'n and 

Olympus; (75°) 

Or to roll back their veil of cloud, or wrap them in darkness. 
Urged to their utmost speed through these the celestial coursers 
Bore them to where Kronion they found, apart and secluded, 
Thron'd on the loftiest of all the bristling peaks of Olympus. 
Him when the white-arm'd Hera beheld, her steeds she arrested, 
ProfFring her prayer unto Zeus in words of complaint and of question : 
''Father supreme! shall thy vengeance sleep o'er these murders of 

Ares? 
Lo ! what crowds of my noblest Greeks he hath hurled to destruction, 
Reckless alike of law, and of thy command, and my sorrow. 
Cypris the while, and the God of the silver bow, are delighted, (760) 
They! who let loose his frantic rage and enjoy it in quiet. 
Father! oh! Father, wilt thou be wroth if I wreak upon Ares 
Vengeance and painful wounds, and drive him forth from the battle?" 
Thus to her prayer responded the cloud-compelling Kronion : 
"So be it done ! Let Athena, delighting in spoil and in conquest, 
Punish him. Many a time hath she wrought him affliction and 

anguish." 
Thus he spake: and Hera, rejoicing to hear the permission, 
Lashed her steeds; and with right good will they flew through the ether 
Spread forth between this earth and the star-strewn concave of Heaven, 
Clearing, at ev'ry bound, such space as the eye of a gazer, (770) 
Seated on some commanding cliff on the verge of the ocean, 
Views, o'er the wine-dark sea, to the utmost haze of the offing. 
Soon on the plains of Troy they arrived, where, mingling their waters, 
Simois clear and Scamander swift roll on to the ocean. 
There did she draw the rein, and arrest the speed of her coursers. 
Loosed from the car, and wrapped in a veil of canopied vapour, 
Free upon Simois' bank they cropped ambrosial pasture. 
Thence with the darting flight of doves when the hawk is pursuing, 
Hasted th' immortal pair to give aid and support to the Argives; 
Soon they arrived where at bay they stood : their best and their 

bravest, (780) 

Wedged in a close compacted mass round brave Diomedes, 



Book V.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 1 1 1 

They, like a troop of devouring lions who gloat upon carnage, 
Stood; or like boars in their native wilds, untameably savage. 
Mingling among them, the goddess her voice uplifted and shouted, 
Taking the form of Stentor the brazen-throated, whose war-cry 
Loud as the shout of fifty men could be heard o'er the tumult : 

"Shame on ye Argives! noble forms, but pitiful soldiers! 
'Twas not thus when mighty Achilles went forth to the combat, 
Then did the Trojans cow'r; nor before the gates of their city 
Dared they advance: for they dreaded the sweep of his conquering 
jav'lin. (79°) 

Far from their ramparts now they threaten your camp and your vessels." 
Thus as she spake each bosom imbibed fresh vigour and courage. 
Blue-eyed Athene then sought out the brave Diomedes, 
And by the chariots the Prince surrounded she found, and the 

horses, 
Tending the rankling wound which Pandarus' shaft had inflicted. 
Oozed forth the sweat in streams from beneath the broad belt of his 

buckler. 
Fainting, with painful effort his wearied hand he uplifted, 
Raised up the belt from his breast, and wiped the black blood from 

his shoulder. 
Pallas approached, and the chariot-yoke she touched and addressed him : 
"Tydeus' offspring his sire renowned but little resembles. (800) 
Tydeus indeed in person was small, yet great as a warrior. 
He, when I bade him abstain from war, nor rush to the conflict, 
When on a peaceful mission to Thebes he went, unattended, 
'Mong the Cadmean chiefs, no aid at hand from the Argives; 
Scorning to take his ease, and accept the delights of their palace, 
Goaded on by that fiery heart which never forsook him, 
Challenged them, one and all, the Cadmean youth, and in combat 
Easily overcame them all — such aid did I grant him. 
Thee too I aid and beside thee stand, thy help and protection, 
Bidding thee summon thy strength and bravely rush on the Trojans. (8 1 o) 
Say ! Do thy limbs, o'erlaboured and faint, refuse to support thee, 
Or is it heartless fear that unmans thy soul? Must I deem thee, 
Not the true offspring of Tydeus, and not the grandson of GEneus?" 



ii2 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 

Then in his turn replying, thus spake the brave Diomedes: 
"Goddess! I know thee, daughter of ^gis-bearing Kronion : 
Nor will I aught conceal, but speak to thee frankly and truly. 
Fear nor sloth is the cause that restrains and holds me inactive, 
'Tis but thine own command, which I bear in mind and obey it. 
Didst thou not bid me respect th' immortal Gods in the tumult — 
Strike at all else ; but should bright Aphrodite mix in the 
combat, (820) 

(Daughter of Zeus though she be), let her feel the point of my weapon? 
For this cause have I ceased from fight, and gathered around me 
These brave Greeks — if haply our ground we may hold — for against us 
Ares himself I perceive, in person, leading the Trojans. 

Thus Tydeides : and thus the blue-eyed Athena responded : 
"First in my dear regard and protection, brave Diomedes! 
Dread not this Ares, dire as he is. Fear none of th' immortals, 
Here while Pallas beside thee stands to strengthen and aid thee. 
Urge thou at once upon Ares thy prancing steeds, and attack him, 
Closing upon him, hand to hand. Respect not his Godhead, (830) 
Him — the outrageous, — faithless ally — promoter of mischief. 
Did he not promise myself and Hera to fight in our quarrel, 
Aid to bring to our Argive friends, and war to the Trojans? 
Now to the winds such oaths he casts, and combats against us." 

Thus she spake, and Sthenelus seizing, down from the chariot 
Dragged him back to the ground; and he rushed from the spot in 

amazement; 
While to his place in the car, by the side of brave Diomedes, 
Sprang the excited Goddess. Then groaned the ponderous axle 
"Under the weight of a Pow'r so dread, and so mighty a hero. 
Seizing the whip and the falling reins, she lashed on the 
horses, (840) 

Urging them forward in full career, direct upon Ares. 

Periphas huge and strong he had just struck down in his fury, 
Son of Ochesius, bravest and best of yEtolia's warriors 
Murd'rously slain. Then Pallas assumed the dark helmet of Orcus, 
Shrouding her form in gloom, lest the God, beholding, might know her. 
Soon as the fierce destroyer perceived divine Diomedes, 



Book V.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 113 

Leaving unspoiled the mighty corse of the prostrated warrior, 
There on the spot where he just had fall'n and breathed forth his spirit, 
Fiercely he rushed on the vent'rous chief who dared to confront him. 
Nearing each other thus, when now short space was between them, (850) 
Ares, forward advanced o'er the yoke and reins of his horses, 
Darted his long-protended spear, all eager to slay him, 
Vainly I for Pallas Athena the weapon seized and diverted 
Wide of its aim, from the car far borne where stood Diomedes. 
He in his turn with a shout dismissed his glittering jav'lin, 
Which in its flight the blue-eyed Pallas guiding, directed 
Full on the furious God. Through his belt it pierced and, his body 
Entering, rent his groin with a ghastly wound. Diomedes 
Sprang with a bound from his lofty car and recovered his weapon. 
Then with a brazen roar loud bellowed the God in his anguish, (860) 
Loud as the shout of ten thousand warriors closing in battle. 
Dread was the panic and dire which seized both hosts when they heard 

him, 
Greeks and Trojans alike — and they paused in their work of ' destruclion, 
Trembling with deadly fear at the roar of discomfited Ares. 

As when a column of cloud by the burning blasts of the desert, 
Whirled aloft through the stifling air soars high in the ether, 
Thus, gazing up, Tydeides beheld infuriate Ares 
Rise with a swirl, and mix with the dark rolling clouds that received 

him. 
Soon to Olympus he came, high seat of the blessed immortals, 
There in the presence of Zeus sat down, and murmuring loudly, (870) 
Shewed the immortal blood fast flowing : and thus he bespake him : 

"Father Zeus! canst thou view such deeds nor care to avenge them? 
Still must celestial Pow'rs complain of wrongs that they suffer, 
Each at another's hands, while favours they heap upon mortals? 
Thee do we all accuse. She is thine, this infuriate daughter, 
Ever delighting in evil deeds and bent on destruclion. 
All the Olympian pow'rs beside delight to obey thee. 
Each, for himself, in thy rule rejoicing, seeks but thy pleasure. 
Her dost thou ne'er reprove, nor put forth thy hand to restrain her, 
Freely indulged in all, as thine own peculiar offspring. (880) 



ii4 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book V. 

Lo ! where she urges on this insolent offspring of Tydeus, 
Madly to rage, and measure his strength with the pow'rs of Olympus. 
Cypris approaching he first attacked, and her wrist with his jav'lin 
Pierced ; then rushed on myself with might scarce less than immortal. 
Well for me that my flight was swift! else, groaning in anguish, 
There had I lain, o'erwhelmed by the dreadful piles of the slaughtered ; 
Shorn of my strength by wounds and dragging a wretched existence." 

Sternly frowning replied the cloud-compelling Kronion : 
" Faithless! Shifter from side to side! Why sit'st thou complaining? 
Hateful beyond all Gods whom mine eyes behold in Olympus, (890) 
Discord is ever thy soul's delight, and battle, and slaughter. 
Thine is thy mother Hera's perverse, unbearable temper, 
Whom by words alone I can scarce restrain from rebellion. 
She by her evil guidance hath wrought thee the pain thou endurest. 
Yet it delights me not to behold thee wounded and suff'ring. 
Offspring of mine thou art, and to me thy mother hath borne thee. 
Hadst thou, reckless destroyer ! some other God for thy parent, 
Lower than ev'n that hated Uranian crew had I plunged thee." 

Thus spake Zeus, and Paeon he called and commanded to heal him, 
Who to the wound some pain-assuaging balsam applying, (900) 

Healed it at once : for nought that could die pertained to his nature. 
Swift, as the curdling milk with the fig's rich juice intermingled 
Fixes, a liquid before, and collects on the hand of the mixer, 
Closed up the flesh; and x\res again stood forth in his vigour. 
Hebe a bath prepared ; and in robes of festive adornment 
Clothed, he resumed his seat near Zeus, exulting in glory. 

Then too returned once more to the sacred dome of Olympus 
Argive Hera herself and Alalcomenean Athena, 
Ares at length being quelled and his deeds of slaughter arrested. (909) 



THE ILIAD. 



BOOK VI. 



S 2 



BOOK THE SIXTH. 



Argument. 

The battle continues, viclory now inclining to the side of the Greeks. 
Heclor by the advice of Helenus retm ns to Troy to order offerings and 
supplications to be ?nade to Pallas. Meanwhile Diomede and Glaucus 
meet, and recognizing a tie of ancient hospitality between their fathers 
separate a?nicably, exchanging armour. Hecuba and the Trojan matrons 
go in procession to the temple of Pallas and offer prayers, presenting a 
robe. Heclor proceeds to the palace of Paris who7n he finds with Helen, 
and who at his summons arms and prepares to follow him to the field. 
Heclor returning meets Andromache his wife with her infant child; and 
unmoved by her entreaties to remain, takes an affeclionate leave of her 
and, being now joined by Paris, returns to the battle. 



ILIAD. BOOK VI. 



TVT OW by the Gods abandoned, the Greeks and Trojans contended. 
Wide o'er the plain, now here, now there, the battle was raging, 
Troop upon troop advancing with levelled spears on each other 
All between Simois' flood and the rolling waters of Xanthus. 

Foremost, the bulwark of Greece, the great Telamonian Aias, 
Broke through the Troian array and admitted the light for his comrades. 
Acamas down he struck, Eussorus' son, of the Thracians 
Bravest and best — a chief renowned, and mighty in stature. 
Close to the ridge of his crested helm where it rose from the convex 
Entered the spear, and pierced the bone, and deep in his forehead (10) 
Fix'd, stood forth. He fell, and darkness closed on his eyelids. 

Next fell Axylus, Teuthras' son, by brave Diomedes 
Reft of his life ; who in fair Arisbe's fortified city 
Lived at his ease, in wealth and beloved by all ; for he welcomed 
All by his gates who passed : and close on the path was his dwelling. 
Now not a friend was near to save him from cruel destruction 
Meeting, or warding the blow. Himself and his faithful attendant 
Old Calesius, who stood by his side and guided his horses, 
Both to the earth were hurled, and a common grave was their portion. 

Dresus, Euryalus next, and Opheltius slew. Having slain 
them, (20) 

Then on ^Esepus he rushed and Pedasus, youths whom the Naiad 
Fair Abarbarea bore, and their birth concealed; by Bucolion 
Pregnant, mighty Laomedon's son, of unblameable lineage, 



n8 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VI. 

Eldest born of his sire ; whose sheep while tending he met her 
Oft in the flowery fields, and in love's soft bands they consorted. 
There fair twins she produced and reared, the fruit of their union. 
Great Mecistheus' son their strength subdued, and their armour 
Stripped from their stalwart limbs, and left the??i a prey to the vultures. 

Then too by brave Polyposes' hand Astyalus perished. 
Godlike Odysseus pierced with his spear the Percosian leader (30) 
Pidytus. Teucer slew the redoubted chief Aretaon. 
Mighty Antilochus, Nestor's son, with his glittering jav'lin 
Laid Ablerus low; and the king of men, Agamemnon, 
Elatus, who, on the banks of Satnois' stream, where it washes 
Rock-built Pedasus, dwelt. Brave Leitus' weapon arrested 
Phylacus flying. Melanthius fell by Eurypylus' jav'lin. 

Brave Menelaiis, great in the roar of battle, Adrestus 
Captured alive; for his steeds o'er the plain while rushing bewildered, 
Caught in a tamarisk's root, o'erturned his chariot, and struggling 
Tore off the yoke from the broken pole, and away to the city (40) 
Hurried, and joined the terrified rout which there was collecting. 
He from the chariot headlong tossed lay bruised a?id defe?iceless, 
Prostrate, his face in the dust : while o'er him stood Menelaiis, 
Atreus' son, with his mighty spear uplifted to slay him. 
Thus then, clasping his knees besought him wretched Adrestus : 

"Spare my life, O Atreides! and take the ransom I offer, 
Untold wealth in my father's house is stored. In abundance 
Gold he possesses and brass and steel well-tempered and burnished. 
All he hath, without stint, will he lay at thy feet for my ransom, 
Soon as he hears that his son survives at the ships of the Grecians." (50) 

Thus he prayed, and Atreides was touched at heart with compassion, 
And would have bidden his faithful attendant lead him a pris'ner, 
Far away to the Grecian ships : but stem Agamemnon 
Up came running in haste, and with loud reproaches addressed him : 

" Weak Menelaiis ! soft-hearted ! Have these such claims on thy pity? 

Glorious works these Trojans have wrought for thee and thy household, 

That thou should'st spare them ! Perish they all in headlong destruction ! 

None shall escape our hands. Not the babe in the womb of his 

mother 



Book VI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 119 

Borne; nor the wretch who flies. Who bears the name of a Trojan, 
Down with him ! There let him lie, dishonoured, unwept, and 
unburied." (60) 

Thus admonished, a change came o'er the mood of his brother; 
Back with his hand he thrust the suppliant chief. Agamemnon 
Ruler of men, then raised his spear and deep in his entrails 
Plunged it with deadly force: and he writhed on the earth. But Atreides 
Planted his heel on his breast and the tough ash weapon extracted. 

Nestor then the Achaian troops, loud shouting, exhorted : 
"Friends and heroes of Greece ! ye valiant servants of Ares! 
Stay not now to despoil the dead. Not one of you linger, 
Greedily bent on prey and increasing his store in our vessels. 
Think ye of nothing now, but to slay your foes: and, the battle (70) 
Won, when in heaps they lie, ye shall strip their arms at your leisure." 

Thus as he spake each heart imbibed fresh courage and ardour. 
Then had the weakness of Troy to the martial force of the Grecians 
Yielded the day, and the Trojans to Ilion fled in confusion, 
Had not Helenus, Priamus' son, the wisest of augurs, 
Taken his stand by ^Eneas and Hector, thus to address them : 

"Hector! ^Eneas! On you repose the conduct and guidance 
Both of the Troian and Lycian hosts. On ev'ry occasion, 
Whether for council or war, ye are best and bravest. Attend then. 
Haste through the ranks and rally our men and close them together, (80) 
Making a stand before the gates, that they fly not for refuge, 
Home to their wives' embraces, a scorn and jest for our foemen. 
When ye have cheered our troops and restored our order of battle, 
Here will we stay, resolved and firm, and maintain our position, 
Wearied albeit and worn. We must fight or die, a?id we know it. 
Hector! do thou meanwhile to the city proceed, and our mother 
Seek — thy mother and mine. — Bid her call our matrons around her, 
And on our holiest hill, at the fane of blue-eyed Athene, 
Ope with her key those sacred doors, and, forth from her treasures 
Choosing a mantle, whiche'er she may deem her fairest and amplest, (90) 
That which Athena may best approve and accept as an off ring, 
Spread it across the knees of the fair-haired Goddess, and suppliant 
Vow twelve heifers, firstlings, untouched by the goad, in her temple 



120 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VI. 

And on her altars to burn : and implore with earnest entreaties 
Pity for Troy, for her matrons chaste and innocent children. 
So may she turn from Ilion's walls this scourge of our armies 
Tydeus' son, this warrior fierce, this lord of the battle. 
Greatest of all the Achaian chiefs and bravest I deem him. 
Not more dread was Achilles' self, that noblest of mortals 
And, as they say, from a goddess sprung: for he rages in fury (too) 
Wild beyond all control ; nor can one be found to resist him." 

Thus spake the seer: and Hector obeyed the command of his 
brother ; 
Armed as he was, at once to the ground he sprang from his chariot. 
Brandishing two sharp spears he passed through the host of the Trojans 
Rousing their flagging force, and inflaming their zeal for the combat. 
Quick they rallied and turned, and again confronted the Grecians ; 
These in their turn gave* way and retired, desisting from slaughter, 
Deeming that down from the starry skies some God had descended, 
Aid to their foes to bring : so nobly they rallied and faced them. 
Hector then cried aloud and thus exhorted the Trojans: (no) 

" High-minded sons of Troy, and renown'd confederate warriors ; 
Shew yourselves men, dear friends! nor forget your prowess and 

valour. 
While I to Ilion wend, and exhort our elders and sages, 
Bowed with the weight of years, and our wives, to flock to the temple, 
There to propitiate Heav'n with prayer, and hecatombs promise." 

Crest-waving Hector spake, and to Troy his course he directed. 
Slung behind him, his bossy shield on his neck and his ankles, 
Clashed at each step as he strode, with its tough black margin of 
leather. 

Now between both the hosts advanced, preparing for combat, 
Glaucus, Hippolochus' valiant son, and the might of Tydeides. (120) 
While they approached each other, and now small space was between 

them, 
Great Diomedes spake, and thus addressed his opponent : 

" Bravest, or rashest of mortal men, say! Whence, and who art thou? 
Ne'er did mine eyes thy form discern in the glorious battle: 
Bold must thou be, and daring beyond all others, who vent'rest 



Book VI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 121 

Thus to confront the force of my long-forth-shadowing jav'lin. 
Sons of unhappy sires are those who meet me in combat ! 
If thou be one of th' immortal Gods come down from Olympus, 
Pass on thy path: for, know with celestial might I contend not. 
All must have heard how great Lycurgus, offspring of Dryas, (130) 
Lived not long, not long survived that impious conflict, 
When he, in Nysa's sacred groves surprised, and on all sides 
Scattered the nursing nymphs of the frantic god Dionysus. 
Each on the ground her grape-twined thyrsus cast, by Lycurgus 
Slayer of men, with a goad pursued and pierced. Dionysus 
Plunged in affright 'neath Ocean's waves, in the bosom of Thetis 
Cherished and safe : for the shouting was fierce, and he trembled with 

terror ; 
Then was the wrath declared of the blissful Gods, and Kronion 
Smote him with loss of sight. Nor long survived the insulter, 
Thenceforth ever pursued by the hatred of all the immortals. (140) 
Warned by his fate, the blessed Gods I dread to encounter : 
But if a mortal thou be, — if the fruits of the field be thy nurture, 
Then come on! Full soon shalt thou pass through the gates of 

destruction." 
Thus to his speech the son of renowned Hippolochus answered : 
"Why dost thou, noble Tydeides ! enquire my nation and lineage? 
Man's generations flourish and fall, like the leaves of the forest. 
Leaves on the earth by winds are strown, yet others succeed them, 
Ever renewed with returning spring. So fares it with mortals : 
One generation decays and its place is filled by another. 
Yet wouldst thou learn my descent, then list the tale I shall tell 

thee, (150) 

Widely already diffused by fame through many a nation. 
Deep in a gulf retired of Argos, famed for its horses, 
Ephyre stands. There Sisyphus dwelt, the wiliest of mortals, 
Sisyphus, ^Eolus' son, and himself the father of Glaucus. 
Next in descent Bellerophon came, the brave and the stainless; 
Beauty of form and graceful strength in him were united, 
Gifts of the Gods. Him Prcetus hated and planned his destruction. 
Forth from his country he drove him, (for Prcetus ruled o'er the Argives 



122 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VI. 

Highest in power and place, since Zeus dominion had giv'n him,) 
For that his wife Antaea, by lawless passion excited, ( J 6o) 

Burned to attract Bellerophon's love; but failed to persuade him, 
Pure as he was and blameless ; and all her charms he resisted. 
Then did she poison Prcetus' mind with false accusations : 
' Die thyself, O Prcetus ! or slay this presumptuous traitor, 
Him, who thy chaste Antsea would tempt to swerve from her duty.' 
These insidious words when he heard, his anger was kindled. 
Slay him indeed he might not : his soul revolted at murder : 
Therefore, to Lycia's realm he sent him, bearing a tablet 
Sealed, for Antaea's father, dark hints containing and symbols, 
Fraught with suggestions dire : thus leading him on to destruction. (170) 
Forth he fared, by the Gods conducted, pure in his conscience, 
And unto Lycia came, to the streams of eddying Xanthus. 
There by the prince of Lycia's region wide was he welcomed, 
Feasted for nine full days. Nine oxen smoked on the altars. 
But when the tenth revolving dawn with her roseate fingers 
Tinted the eastern sky, the prince demanded his errand, 
Claiming to see the missive of Prcetus, spouse of his daughter. 
Then, when the fatal tablet the youth produced, and he read it, 
First he enjoined him the fierce Chimasra's rage to encounter. 
Dire was her strength : untamed, not gender'd on earth, but 

celestial, ( I ^o) 

Lion before and dragon behind, she-goat in the middle, 
Breathing flames fro?n her dreadful jaws in bickering volumes. 
Yet with miraculous help he sought this monster and slew her. 
Next with the fierce Solymaean hosts he fought, and subdued them. 
(This among all his trials, himself confessed, was the hardest.) 
Rivals of men in valour the Amazons last he encountered. 
Home returning at length, fresh snares awaited the victor. 
Lycian warriors, the choice of the land, were stationed in ambush, 
Treacherously seeking his life : but the hero, fearless and blameless, 
Fought with the Gods 011 his side, and not one escaped from his 

vengeance. ( I 9°) 

Then did the king acknowledge his race divine and his prowess ; 
Kept him near to his person and gave him his daughter in marriage ; 



Book VI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 123 

Gave him, moreover, an equal share in his throne and his honours. 
Then too, the Lycians allotted an ample tract for his culture, 
Vineyard and field far stretching and fair, their best and their choicest. 
Three were the children that lady bare, the fruits of their marriage; 
Noble Isander, Hippolochus brave, and Laodameia. 
Laodameia was fair and beloved of Zeus, and Sarpedon, 
Godlike chief, of the brazen helm, drew birth from their union. 
Hapless Bellerophon, hated at length by the Gods, went wand'ring, (20c) 
Shunning the paths of men, and his heart corroded with sorrow, 
Restless, homeless, alone, through the dismal wilds of Aleia. 
Ares, demon of war, Isander slew, as in battle 
B?-avely his fathers' old Solymcean foes he encountered. 
Artemis' hate destroyed the beauteous Laodameia. 
I from Hippolochus sprang: that prince I claim for my parent; 
Who, when he sent me hither, this maxim taught me at parting: 
All, and in all to excel, and ever to rank with the foremost; 
So to behave as ne'er to disgrace the long line of my fathers, 
Noblest of all who in Ephyre dwelt in the Lycian dominions. (210) 
Such is my lineage : such and so pure the blood of my parents." 
Glaucus thus. With surprise and joy brave Diomed heard him. 
Planting his spear upright in the teeming soil, he responded, 
Courteously thus addressing the shepherd and guide of his people : 
"Then are we friends ! I account thee an ancient guest of my 

father. 
CEnus received the blameless Bellerophon erst in his palace, 
Kept him for twice ten days and royally entertained him; 
Each of the heroes a parting gift conferred on the other, 
CEnus a costly belt bestowed, embroidered on purple, 
Brave Bellerophon's gift was a golden two-handled goblet; (220) 
This, departing from Troy, I left behind in my palace. 
Tydeus my sire I remember not, for he left me an infant, 
Ne'er to return, what time our Argives perished at Thebag. 
Should'st thou to Argos come, thy friend and thine host thou wilt 

find me. 
Thou in thy turn be mine, thy Lycian realm when I visit. 
Henceforth therefore avoid we each other's spears in the battle, 



124 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VI. 

Trojans, nor friends of Troy shall I lack to slay, whom th' immortals 
Bring within reach of my spear, or my feet o'ertake in the tumult, 
Greeks enough shalt thou find : them slay, (if thou can'st), at thy pleasure. 
Now then exchange we arms in the presence of all, that our friend- 
ship (230) 
Pledged, and ancestral ties, by all who behold may be witnessed." 

Thus having said, both chiefs from their chariots sprang, and 
advancing, 
Each took the other's hand, and mutual oaths were repeated. 
Glaucus in reckless exchange, (for Zeus had deprived him of prudence), 
Doffed his resplendent suit; and, Tydeides' armour receiving, 
Gold for brass, an hundred beeves for nine, he returned him. 

Hector now by the Scaean gate and its neighbouring beech-tree 
Entered Troy, and her matrons and maids came flocking around him ; 
Eager for news of their sons, their brothers, their friends and their 

husbands. 
All to the temples he bade repair and beseech the immortals, (240) 
Instant in prayer; for dire were the woes o'er many impending. 
Thus he arrived at length, where the gorgeous palace of Priam 
Rose upon polish'd columns and porches fair. In its precincts 
Duly disposed in order, and forming a side of tlie building, 
Fifty chambers were ranged, of polish'd marble constructed, 
Side by side ; where the sons of Priamus slept, with their consorts. 
Further within, stood ranged on the opposite side of the mansion 
Chambers twelve, high-roofed and of polish'd marble constructed, 
Side by side; where the husbands of Priamus' daughters reposing 
Took their nightly rest in the chaste embrace of their spouses. (250) 
Just as he entered, his mother dear coming forth he encountered, 
Leading Laodice, fairest of all the daughters of Priam. 
Eagerly grasping his hand, she endearingly named, and bespoke him : 

"Why, my son! art thou here, the hard-fought battle forsaking? 
Surely those hateful Greeks press sore, and up to the city 
Nearer and nearer urge their fierce assaults, and thy spirit 
Prompts thee to raise thy hands in prayer to Zeus in his temple. 
Yet forbear, till I bring thee cheering wine. Thou may'st pour it 
First in libations due, unto Zeus and the other immortals : 



Book VI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 125 

Drink thou then, and thy soul shall be cheered ; thy strength be 
recruited. (260) 

Blest, to the toil-exhausted frame is the pow'r of the wine-cup, 
Wearied and worn like thine, in defence of thy kindred and country." 

Thus then the lord of the waving plume, great Hector responded: 
"Bring me not wine, O mother revered! lest its might overcome me, 
Loosen my firm-knit limbs, and betray my strength and my valour. 
Ill beseems it a man whose hands the blood of his foemen 
Reeki?ig, unwashed, pollutes, libations to pour, and to raise them 
Heav'nward in prayer at the shrine of cloud-compelling Kronion. 
Thou, dear mother, repair to the fane of Athena the spoiler; 
Let the rich incense smoke; let the matrons walk in procession. (270) 
Choose from thy stores the mantle thou deem'st thy fairest and amplest, 
That which Athena may best approve and accept for an off'ring : 
Spread it across the knees of the fair-hair'd Goddess, and suppliant, 
Vow twelve heifers, yearlings, untouched by the goad, in her temple, 
And on her altars to burn; and implore with earnest entreaties 
Pity for Troy, for her matrons chaste and innocent children. 
So may she turn from Ilion's walls that scourge of our armies, 
Tydeus' son, that warrior fierce, that lord of the battle, 
Now then do thou repair to the fane of Athena the spoiler. 
I myself will to Paris proceed and call him to battle, (280) 

If he will hear my voice. But oh ! that the earth would in ve?igeance 
Yawn and engulph him; pest as he is, by Zeus in his anger 
Sent as a scourge to Troy, to Priam, and all .his descendants. 
Could I but see him at length pass down to the regions of Hades, 
Then were my soul relieved of the cares and griefs that oppress it." 

Thus he spake, and his mother returned to the palace, and sent forth 
Handmaids, who summoned the noblest dames to attend the procession. 
Down she stepped to her chamber fair all fragrant with odours, 
Piled in rich heaps where her gorgeous mantles lay, by the fingers 
Wrought, of Sidonian dames; from Sidon brought, in the voyage (290) 
Homeward across the boundless sea; what time Alexandros 
High-born Helen to Troy conveyed from her home and her country. 
Hecuba, choosing from these, selected her gift for Athene, 
Amplest in fold, and richest in broidered work and in colours. 



i 2 6 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VI. 

Bright as a star it shone, and it lay the deepest among them. 
Forth she went, and the matrons of Troia followed in order. 

Now to Athene's fane on the loftiest heights of the city 
Came they, and fair Theano unbarred the gates of the temple, 
Daughter of Cisseus, wife of the valiant horseman Antenor; 
Priestess was she, by the Trojans named, of Pallas Athene. (300) 
All then lifted their hands, and cried aloud to the Goddess. 
Beauteous Theano now, that gorgeous mantle unfolding 
Spread it across the knees of the fair-hair'd Pallas, and suppliant, 
Thus to the daughter of Zeus supreme preferred their petition : 

"Glorious Athena! Goddess divine! Great guardian of Troia, 
Break thou the spear oi fierce Diomedes! Grant that he perish I 
Prostrate before the Scsean gate let him roll in his death-pang ! 
Then shall twelve firstling heifers, untouched by goad, in thy temple 
And on thine altars blaze: if so thou deign but to rescue 
This thy city; our Troian wives; our innocent children." (3 10 ) 

Thus they prayed, thus vowed to the daughter of Zeus, but Athena 
Bent not her ear to their vows ; and refused to grant their petition. 

Hector now to the palace was come where dwelt Alexandras. 
Glorious it rose, by builders of note designed and completed, 
All by himself through Troy's wide realm sought out and assembled : 
Court-yard and chamber and lofty dome, fit dwelling for princes, 
Close by the palace of He 61 or, and Priam's, commanding the city. 
Godlike Hector approached and entered, bearing his jav'lin, 
Cubits eleven in length. Bright gleamed the point of the weapon. 
Bronze was the blade, and with golden rings to the shaft was it 
fastened. (3 20 ) 

Paris he found in his. chamber fair, preparing his armour, 
Burnishing breastplate and shield, and nicely adjusting his bowstring. 
Argive Helen was seated nigh with her maidens around her, 
Plying their delicate tasks 'neath the watchful eye of their mistress. 
Hector in words of cutting reproach gave vent to his feelings : 

"Madman! What means this senseless and angry retreat from thy 
duties? 
Falling fast are our troops, round the walls and gates of the city 
Slaughtered. All for thy sake this rage and tumult of battle 



Book VI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 127 



Spreads like a fire around. Thyself were wroth with another, (329) 
Whom thou should 'st find, a laggard in war and shunning the conflict. 
Up ! or devouring flames will involve thyself and the city." 

Thus replied in his turn the godlike prince Alexandros : 
"Just, O Hector! indeed, though severe, are the words thou hast spoken, 
Hear what I say, however, and give it thy candid attention. 
'Tis not in anger at Troy that I thus retreat to my chamber, 
Nor in disgust, but to hide my shame and the grief that consumes me. 
Now however my wife with kind persuasion hath urged me 
Back to the war to return, and that I feel to be better. 
Fortune shifts, and the vanquish'd today are victors tomorrow. 
Stay then, while I assume my arms and prepare me for combat, (340) 
Or, if it please thee, go: and soon shall my steps overtake thee." 

Thus he spake, but crest-waving Hector nothing responded. 
Him then Helen addressed in words submissive and gentle : 
"Brother of one devoid of shame, dire auth'ress of mischief! 
Oh! that in that ill-omen'd day when my mother produced me, 
Tempests wild could have snatched me off to some desolate mountain, 
Or in the waves of the wide-resounding ocean have whelmed me, 
There to be swept away; ere all this mischief had happened. 
Yet since the gods have decreed such things should be; in their mercy 
Surely they might have giv'n me a nobler man for a husband : (350) 
One who could feel the contempt of men, and be moved by their hatred ! 
Ne'er hath his soul been constant and firm, nor ever in future 
Will it: and bitter I ween will prove the fruits he shall gather. 
Rest thee now from thy toils awhile, and seat thee beside me, 
Here on this seat. On thee, O my brother ! the cares and the 

labours 
Heavily press, which my shame and the guilt of Paris have wrought 

thee. 
Surely our fates, so sad, so strange, by the Thund'rer awarded, 
Bards in some future age in their songs will render immortal." 

Hector, lord of the waving plume this answer returned her : 
"Press me not, Helen, to rest, thus kindly. Occasion permits not, (360) 
Much do I long to return and afford my aid to our Trojans, 
Sore bested, and who bitterly feel the want of my presence. 



128 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book VI. 



Therefore do thou this husband of thine excite. Let him hasten, 
Armed and prepared, as becomes a man, for battle, to join me, 
Ere I shall leave the city: where yet I must linger a moment, 
Once more to see my home, and my dear-loved wife, and our infant. 
Never again perchance may my footsteps back from the combat 
Lead me, should Heav'n decree that I fall by the hands of the 
Grecians." 

Thus spake the crested chief, and thus having said, he departed 
Bending his course to his stately mansion, high in the city, (37°) 

Seeking Andromache fair. But he found her not in the palace. 
She with her infant dear, and close-mantled nurse, on a watch-tow'r 
Far overlooking the field, stood weeping and bitterly moaning. 

Hector, who found not within his spotless wife, on the threshold 
Paused, as he left the house, and thus he questioned her maidens : 
"Tell me, ye maidens, faithfully tell me the things I shall ask you. 
Whither hath fair Andromache bent her steps from the palace? 
Went she to one of my sisters? or one of the wives of my brethren? 
Or to Athene"s fane, with the fair hair'd matrons of Troia, 
There to appease with prayer the wrath of the terrible goddess?" (380) 

Thus replied the chief of them all, the diligent housewife : 
"Since, O Hector, thou bidst me declare the truth of the matter, 
Neither to one of thy sisters, nor one of the wives of thy brethren, 
Nor to Athene's fane with the fair-hair'd matrons of Troia, 
Went she to join with the rest in prayer to the terrible goddess. 
Up to the watch-tow'r high she went, when she heard that the Trojans 
Sorely prest gave way, and Greece in her strength was advancing. 
Wild with alarm she set forth, and must now the wall be ascending. 
Breathless with haste: and the nurse attends her bearing her infant." 

Thus she spake, and Hector at once from the palace departed, (390) 
Hastening back through the stately streets by the way he had entered. 
When at the Scaean gate he arrived, having traversed the city, 
Which once past, his path led straight to the scene of the combat, 
Came his rich-dower'd wife Andromache, hurrying to meet him, 
Great Eetion's daughter; who ruled o'er his subject Cilicians, 
Dwellers in fair Hypoplakian Thebe; there where the forests 
Feathering down Plakos' slopes yield shade and shelter and verdure. 



Book VI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 129 

(Such was the lineage of her who had Hector the brave for her 

husband). 
There they met; and the nurse was nigh, keeping close to her mistress, 
And on her bosom the tender babe, sweet pledge of their union, (400) 
Fair as a radiant star, and the dearly belov'd of his parents. 
Him had his father Scamandrius named, but the rest of the Trojans 
Called him Astyanax. Troy's deliv'rance centered in Hector. 
Silent, but smiling, he gazed on the lovely boy, and beside him 
Bitterly weeping Andromache stood. His hand she had taken; 
Holding it fondly clasped, and endearingly thus she addressed him : 
"Hector, too rashly brave! The fire of thy soul will destroy thee. 
Pity thou feelest none for thy infant son, and thy consort, 
Soon to become a wretched widow. The Greeks will o'erpow'r thee, 
Setting upon thee all at once. For me were it better (4 TO ) 

Then to be whelmed in earth; thou lost! What joy can revisit 
Ever this desolate heart when thou art gone? For the future 
Nought but grief will be mine. No father have I, no mother 
Honoured and loved. My father was slain by mighty Achilles, 
When our Cilician Thebe fair lay smoking in ruin, 
Walls and lofty gates. Then great Eetion perished. 
Yet did the victor spoil not the dead, for he honoured his mem'ry, 
Raised him a funeral pile, and in all his panoply burned him, 
Marking ' the spot with a tomb ; which the pitying nymphs of the 

mountains, 
Daughters of Zeus, with a grove of sacred elms have encircled, (420) 
Sev'n dear brothers were mine in the ancient home of my parents : 
All in one day went down to the darksome regions of Hades; 
All by the godlike might of the swift-pursuing Achilles 
Slain, defending their herds and the snowy sheep of 'their pastures. 
Only my royal mother remained, brought hither a captive, 
Far from her lov'd Hypoplakian shades, with the spoils of the city. 
Ransomed at length with countless wealth, to her home he restored her, 
Only to fall by Artemis' shafts in the halls of her father. 
Still thou art left me. To me thou art father, mother, and brethren, 
Hector! More than them all: my heart's first love, and my hus- 
band! (43°) 



3o 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book VI. 



Pity me then. Here stay, here take thy stand on the rampart, 
Make not thy son an orphan : thy consort make not a widow. 
Near yon fig-tree station a guard. That point is the weakest, 
Easiest scaled its wall and inviting attack on the city. 
Thrice have their bravest chiefs attempted it. Both the Aiantes 
Tried its assault, and Idomeneus far renown'd ; and th' Atreidae ; 
Tydeus' warlike son; each back'd by a host of his followers. 
Either some seer, in visions warned, had drawn their attention, 
Or their own keen and practised glance detected its weakness." 
Thus then the lord of the waving plume, great Hector, re- 
sponded: (440) 
"That shall have all my care, dear wife! But shame would o'er- 

whelm me, — 
How could I face the Trojans and long-robed matrons of Troia, 
If, like a dastard, I shrank aloof, and avoided the battle? 
Nor could my soul endure it : for aye have I learned to be foremost; 
Valiantly ever to dare, and fight in the van of the Trojans, 
Winning renown for myself and my father's glory upholding. 
Yet in my heart and inmost soul too surely foreboding, 
Know I, and feel, that the day must come when Ilion the sacred, 
Priam, and all the brave defenders of Priam, shall perish. 
Yet among all these woes o'er Troy and the Trojans impending, (450) 
Not for my mother dear, nor the sacred head of my father, 
Not for my brethren, num'rous and brave as they are, who must perish 
Slain, and trampled in dust beneath 'the feet of the victor, 
Grieves my heart, as for thee, when some bronze-mailed chief of the 

Grecians 
Weeping shall bear thee away ; the light of thy freedom extinguished ; 
Doomed in some Argive mansion the loom to ply for its mistress, 
Water from Hypereia's fount to bear, or Messei's, 
Sorr'wing and much reluctant; thy soul bowed down with its misery. 
Then will some heartless Greek, thy tears beholding, insult thee: 
'This,' will he say, 'is Hector's wife, the redoubtable warrior, (460) 
Bravest of all the Troian chiefs, the defenders of Ilion.' 
Taunts like these w r ill embitter thy grief when thou think'st upon 
Hector, 



Book VI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 13 r 

Pow'rless to change thy doom, or avert the day of thy bondage. 
Oh ! may the mounded earth lie deep on my corse ere I hear thee 
Shrieking in vain for help in the ruthless grasp of the spoiler." 
HThus having said, for the beauteous boy his arms he extended : 
Back however the babe with a scream recoiled, and in terror 
Clung round the nurse's neck; for he feared the looks of his father, 
Scared by the glance of his brazen casque, and the wave of the horse-tail 
Dreadfully nodding aloft in the crest of the towering helmet. (470) 
Smiling, his terror beheld his father dear and his mother. 
Then from his head the mighty Hector, unfast'ning his helmet, 
Laid it, all gleaming, aside on the ground. Then taking the infant, 
Fondly kissed, and danced him awhile in his hands : and, devoutly 
Praying to Zeus and th' immortal Gods, preferred his petition : 

"Grant, O Zeus, and ye pow'rs supreme, that, even as I am 
So distinguish'd among them in warlike feats and in valour, 
This my son with a mighty hand may rule o'er the Trojans ! 
Grant that, returning from war, having slain his foemen in battle, 
Laden with blood-stained spoils and the heart of his mother re- 
joicing, (480) 
All may exclaim 'This chief is greater by far than his father.' "A 

Thus he spake, and placed the child in the arms of his mother. 
Smiling through tears she received, and folded him close in her bosom, 
Fragrant with spicy odours. This Hector beheld, and in pity 
Gently caressing his weeping wife thus fondly addressed her : 

"Dearest! grieve not thy soul with over-anxious forebodings. 
None, ere the day by fate decreed, can dismiss me to Hades. 
Nor hath there ever been man, once born, who his fate hath eluded, 
Coward or brave ! All sink alike whe?i destiny wills it. 
Now to our home betake thee. Resume the cares of thy house- 
hold, (49°) 
Look to the distaff and web, and keep thy maids to their duties, 
Each to her task. For men are the cares of war and its labours; 
Mine above all among those whom Troy sends forth in her armies." 

Thus having said, great Hector resumed his glittering helmet, 
Crested and plumed. His wife all sad returned to her palace, 
Casting behind her many a look, half blinded with teardrops. 



132 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VI. 

Soon as the stately dome of the death-doing chief she had entered, 

Num'rous attendants met her, and flocked around to receive her. 

All in her woe partook, all echoed the moans of their mistress, 

Raising the funeral wail for their living lord in his palace, (500) 

Ezhi as already dead : for none expected to see him 

Back from the fight return, escaped from the hands of the Grecians. 

Paris now loitered no more in his chambers lofty retirement ; 
But, having donned in haste his gorgeous and glittering armour, 
Down to the gate he strode at his utmost speed through the city. 
As when a courser, high fed, and exulting in pride of his freedom, 
Bursting the rein which held him confined to his stall, o'er the meadows, 
Bounds forth prancing, eager to lave in some wide-flowing river 
Well rememberd — high tossing his head, while the mane o'er his 

shoulders 
Streams on the wind, away he darts in his strength and his beauty (510) 
Far o'er the plain, in the distant pastures scenting his females : 
Thus from Pergamos' loftiest heights rushed down Alexandras, 
Priamus' son, all blazing in arms like the sun in his glory. 
Swiftly his feet bore him on exulting ; soon he encountered 
Godlike HecTor his brother, just quitting the spot where so lately 
Farewells sad with his wife he exchanged, and watched her departure. 
Thus then addressed his brother the godlike Prince Alexandros : 

"Brother belov'd and honour'd ! too long have I staid. I detain thee, 
Hast'ning away, nor have duly obeyed the command that thou gav'st 
me." 

Crest-waving Hector thus in return to his brother responded: (520) 
" Pity it is, since none can with justice blame thee in combat, 
None can deny thy valour, when once engaged, or dispraise thee, 
That thou shouldst be thus tardy, thus hard to excite ! And it grieves 

me, 
Ev'n to my inmost soul, to hear thee reproached by the Trojans, 
Those who so bitterly feel the woes thy conduct hath wrought them. 
Now let us hence. No more of this till the day, when to honour 
Zeus and the immortal pow'rs who rule for aye in Olympus, 
Freedom's cup in our halls we pledge : when, chased from among us, 
Greece and her bright-arm'd hosts these shores for ever abandon." 



THE ILIAD. 

BOOK VII. 



BOOK THE SEVENTH. 



Argument. 



Helenus, inspired by Apollo and Pallas, recommends Heclor to 
challenge the bravest of the Greeks to single combat. The challenge is given, 
and, after some hesitation, accepted. Lots ar-e cast among nine chiefs who 
come forward, to decide on their champion. 'The choice falls o?i Aias. 
The heroes fight, somewhat to the disadvantage of Heclor: but night 
coming on the heralds separate the combatants, who exchange gifts. By 
common consent a truce is agreed on to bury the dead, the Trojans offering 
ternis of peace which Diomede persuades the Greeks to rejecl. The dead 
are burned and buried^ a?id the Greeks dig a trench and erect a wall round 
their camp. 



ILIAD. BOOK VII. 



T T ECTOR the brave having spoken thus, rushed forth from the city : 
With him the prince Alexander his brother. Both were impatient 
Once more to join the ranks of war, and mix in the struggle. 
As to some toil-exhausted crew, o'er-labour'd and fainting, 
Painfully urging with polish'd oars their bark through the ocean, 
Heav'n at their prayer accords the expected and favouring Zephyr; 
Such was the Trojans' relief at the long'd-for sight of their leaders. 
Each from the Greeks chose forth his man. Alexander Menestheus 
Son of the king Areithous slew, stern ruler of Arne, 
Lord of the crushing mace, and large-eyed Philomedusa. (10) 

Hector Eioneus smote with his pointed spear, and the jav'lin 
Entered his neck beneath his helm. Down sank he in darkness. 
Glaucus, Hippolochus' son, the redoubted Lycian leader, 
Next, in fierce encounter Iphinous pierced through the shoulder, 
Dexias' son, in the act of vaulting aloft to his chariot, 
Drawn by two fiery mares. He fell, and his spirit forsook him. 
This when the blue-eyed goddess Athene saw, and her Grecians 
Perishing thus beheld in the onset fierce of their foemen, 
Down she darted on sacred Troy from the heights of Olympus. 
This when Apollo from Pergamus saw, the field overlooking (20) 

Anxious for Troy's success, he arose and hastened to meet her; 
And at the Scaean gate, by the ancient beech, they encountered. 
Thus then Apollo divine, Jove's offspring, accosted the goddess : 



136 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VII. 

"Why once more, O daughter of mighty Zeus, from Olympus 
Com'st thou hither, excited in spirit, and eager for action? 
Is it to favour thy Greeks in the doubtful turns of the battle, 
Casting all pity aside and care for the perishing Trojans? 
Yet could I so persuade thee, far better it were for the present, 
This day at least, to appease their strife and restrain them from 

slaughter. 
Let them hereafter renew the fight if they will, and accomplish (30) 
Ilion's fall, should such indeed be your merciless pleasure, 
Hera's and thine that this fair city shall sink in destruction." 

Thus responded in turn the blue-eyed goddess Athene: 
"Ev'n so be it, far-darting king. To this end from Olympus 
Hither I came, desiring to part the Greeks and the Trojans. 
Tell me, I pray thee, how dost thou purpose to stay their encounter?" 

Thus in his turn replied Jove's offspring, kingly Apollo : 
"Let us excite great Hector, the warlike tamer of horses, 
Forth to advance, and challenge some champion bold of the Grecians, 
Singly and hand to hand, in fierce encounter to meet him. (40) 
So shall the bronze-armed Greeks, by his words provoked, from among 

them 
Choose forth a warrior worthy to cope with the first of the Trojans." 

Thus he spake : and the blue-eyed goddess approved the proposal. 
Ilelenus, Priam's son, meanwhile perceiving the counsel 
In his prophetic mind, which the heav'nly pair had adopted, 
Came, and his stand near Hector took, and thus he addressed him : 

"Hector! Priam's iiiiconquered son, Jove's equal in council! 
Wilt thou attend to my words, and obey the voice of thy brother? 
Bid both hosts be seated, the Trojans and Greeks in their order, 
Thou thyself then challenge the best and bravest Achaian (50) 
Singly and hand to hand in fierce encounter to meet thee. 
'Tis not thy fate to fall and succumb to death in the combat : 
This from the Gods I know, whose voice prophetic has reached me." 

Thus he spake, and Hector rejoiced when he heard the proposal, 
Stepping in front of the troops, he repressed their ranks with his jav'lin 
Levelled and held by the middle athwart, and made them be seated. 
So Agamemnon arranged the bright-greav'd hosts of Achaia. 



Book VII.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



137 



Pallas, and he of the silver bow, far-darting Apollo, 
Came, and like vultures in form sate perched, o'erlooking the armies 
High on a lofty beech to their sire the Thunderer sacred, (60) 
Pleased with the scene; where in dense array the heroes in order 
Blackened the plain, all bristling with spears, with shields, and with 

helmets. 
As when the slumb'ring breeze begins to awake and a ripple 
Steals o'er the ocean's breadth, and the crispt sea darkens beneath it ; 
Thus did the dense compacted lines of Greeks and of Trojans 
Darken the plain. Then Hector advanced in the midst, and ad- 
dressed them: 
"Hear and attend to my words, ye bright-greaved Greeks and ye 
Trojans, 
While unto all what the spirit within me prompts I shall utter. 
Zeus where he sits high-throned hath confounded our oaths and our 

treaty, 
Evil devising for both, and ordains our strife to continue, (70) 

Either till Troy's high tow'rs and walls shall yield to your valour, 
Or at your ships yourselves shall strew the shore with your corses. 
Here I behold among you the bravest and best of the Grecians. 
If there be one with daring enough to meet me in combat, 
Let him stand forth and come on, as a champion worthy of Hector. 
Hear the proposal I make, and to this let Zeus be our witness, 
If to his spear's long reach my life be given, let the victor 
Seize on my arms and bear them away to the ships of the Grecians, 
But be my body restored, that our Trojans and wives of the Trojans 
On the funereal pile may place my remains and consume them. (80) 
But should Apollo the glory grant me to slay my opponent, 
Mine be his spoils. I shall take, and to sacred Ilion bear them, 
There to adorn the temple of bright far-darting Apollo. 
Back to your well-bench'd ships shall his corse be sent, that Achaia 
Funeral rites may bestow, and a tomb be raised der his ashes 
On the wide Hellespont's sounding shore to his memory sacred. 
Then in some future age, when men shall behold it in passing, 
Borne in their many-bench'd ships o'er the wine-dark bosom of ocean, 
'There,' shall one say to another, 'thou see'st the tomb of a hero 



133 THE ILIAD OF HOMER, [Book VII. 

Bravely fighting, of old, who fell to the prowess of Hector : (90) 
Thus shall he speak, and thus my fame undying shall flourish." 

Hector thus. No word in reply was heard: for in silence 
Shame to refuse, and dread to accept, each bosom pervaded. 
Then Menelaiis at length uprose, and, groaning in spirit, 
Thus he rebuked their craven fear with bitter reproaches: 

"Women of Greece, not Greeks ! is this the end of your boasting? 
Shame will it be, most shameful and grievous to bear, when in future 
Fame shall tell that not one of the Greeks would confront him with 

Hector. 
Now may ye all to water and earth be turned, as inaclive, 
Listless, inglorious, there ye sit, and gaze 011 each other! ( IO °) 

I myself for the fight will adjust mine arms: for the issue 
Rests with th' immortal Gods. Be it conquest or death, I will meet 
him." 

Thus spake the chief, and resumed his bright and glittering armour. 
Then, Menelaiis! thy span of life drew nigh to its ending, 
Forfeit to Hector's hands; since Hector by far was the mightier: 
Had not the princes of Greece in alarm upstarting withheld thee. 
Atreus' son himself, the wide-ruling king Agamemnon, 
Grasped thy right hand with his otvn, and named thee by name, and 
addressed thee! 

"Sure thou art mad, Menelaiis divine! The occasion demands not 
Frenzy like this. Thy zeal repress, though dear it may cost thee, (no) 
Fight not, for fighting's sake, with a man far mightier than thou art, 
Hector, Priamus' son, whom all men dread to encounter. 
Mighty Achilles himself, a braver chief and a stronger, 
Hector's assault hath been known to dread, and avoid him in battle. 
Now be advised. Resume thy seat among thy companions, 
Greece will provide her a champion meet to fight in her quarrel. 
Brave as he is and greedy of war and fighting, believe me 
Glad will he be to rest when the struggle is o'er which awaits him, 
Should he escape with life from the fierce and deadly encounter." 

Thus spake th' heroic chief, dissuading the mind of his brother: (120) 
Good was his counsel and well received : and his joyful attendants 
Eagerly lent their aid to divest their prince of his armour. 



Book VII.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



139 



Then in the midst of the Greeks old Nestor rose and addressed 

them : 
"Gods! what a weight of woe descends on the sons of Achaia! 
How will that ancient knight, great Peleus, grieve when he hears it, 
He, the adviser sage of the Myrmidon race, and their sovereign, 
Who with such close and earnest enquiry erst in his palace 
Made me recount each Grecian chief, his lineage and offspring : 
How will he raise his feeble hands to the blessed immortals, 
Praying release for his soul, and rest in the mansions of Hades, (130) 
When he shall learn how low they crouch at the menace of Hector. 
Would but, O Father Zeus, and Apollo, and Pallas Athena! 
Would I were young once more, as on Celadon's banks, where the 

Pylians, 
Gathering around me, fought with the bold Arcadian spearmen; 
Or 'neath the Phaean walls, by the rushing Iardanus watered. 
There stood forth Ereuthalion, godlike man, as their champion, 
Sheath'd in resplendent armour, the spoils of king Areithoiis, 
Great Areithoiis, sprung from a race divine; Corynetes 
Called, as a surname giv'n him alike by men and by women: 
For that, rejecting the bow and the spear's long reach in the 

battle, ( I 4°) 

Wielding a mace of steel, he crushed the ranks of his foemen. 
Him, fair combat avoiding, Lycurgus slew, at advantage 
Ta'en in a narrow defile, where the sweep of his mace might avail him 



Nought, to secure his life: for, ere he 



could raise it, Lycurgus 
and supine he fell in 



his 



Pierced him through with his spear, 

death-pang. 
Thus these arms did he win. As a gift from Ares he prized them, 
W T orn by himself thenceforth, in many a martial encounter. 
But when by age unnerved and at length confined to his palace, 
Brave Ereuthalion received them, his lov'd and faithful attendant. 
These were the arms he wore when he challenged the boldest among 

us. (15c) 

All then trembled with fear, nor did one dare venture to meet him. 
I, however, the youngest of all, by the spirit excited, 
Burning within me, to fight him, and filled with confident valour 



140 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VII. 

Met him, and smote him. Pallas sustained, and to victory led me. 
Huge as he was, I slew that bold and redoubtable hero. 
Wide outstretched on the cumber 'd plain lay the limbs of the giant. 
Could I renew that youth — could strength like that be restored me, 
Crest-waving Hector would wait not long for a fitting opponent. 
Yet, while around me I see the bravest and best of the Grecians, 
None stands forward in arms to cope with this terrible Hector." (160) 

Nestor reproving them thus, up started nine of the heroes. 
First and foremost by far was the wide-ruling prince Agamemnon, 
Next in order came brave Tydeus' son Diomedes, 
Then too uprose th' Aiantes both, in the pride of their valour; 
Next came Idomeneus, Merion next his constant companion, 
Charged with the care of his arms, and the rival of Ares in battle ; 
Next Eurypylus, valiant son of noble Evsemon, 
Thoas, Andraemon's son, and the godlike might of Odysseus : 
All prepared for the fight — all eager to match them with Hector. 
Then the Gerenian knight old Nestor sagely advised them: ( I 7°) 

"Now then decide by impartial lot which chief shall be chosen, 
Much will he aid our cause, and well deserve of the Grecians, — 
Great to himself the glory and gain, if back from the conflict 
Unsubdued he return, unscathed in the dreadful encounter." 

Thus he spake, and each chief prepared his lot. Having marked it 
Into the helm he cast it of Atreus' son Agamemnon. 
Then to the gods, with hands and with eyes uplifted to Heaven, 
Thus might you hear the people in prayer their wishes expressing : 
"Father Zeus! O choose for us Aias, or noble Tydeides, 
Or be the lot conferred on the sov'reign of wealthy Mycense." (180) 

Thus they prayed. Then shook the lots Gerenian Nestor. 
Forth from the helmet leaped that lot so earnestly wished for, 
That which the mark of Aias bore. This raising, the herald, 
Handed it round from right to left to the chiefs of the Grecians, 
Each in his turn disclaimed the mark unknown. But the herald, 
Making his way through the crowd, at the place arrived where the 

hero, 
He who had marked and giv'n it, stood. The illustrious Aias 
Stretched forth his hand for the lot, and the herald handed it to him. 



BOOK VII.J THE ILIAD OF HOMEE. 141 

Aias no sooner saw than he knew his mark, and exultant 

Cast the lot on the ground at his feet, and addressed the Achaians : (190) 

"See, my friends! the lot is mine own! I receive it rejoicing. 
Full and assured is my trust the godlike Hector to conquer. 
All, howbeit, while my limbs I invest in their glittering armour, 
Pray to almighty Zeus, the immortal offspring of Kronos, 
In my behalf. But in silence pray lest the Trojans should hear you. 
Said I in silence? Aloud if ye will. What need we concealment? 
Fear have we none. By force alone shall no mortal subdue me : 
Nor, as I trust, by skill; or vainly in arms was I nurtured, 
In rough Salamis born, and trained to the use of my weapons? 

Thus he spake, and all then prayed to mighty Kronion, (200) 
Uttering words like these, with eyes uplifted to Heaven : 
"Father Zeus most great, most glorious, ruling from Ida! 
Victory grant to Aias, and crown his achievements with glory ; 
Yet if thou favour Hector, and grant him thy mighty protection, 
Give to them equal force, and divide the glory between them." 

Thus while they prayed great Aias assumed his glittering armour; 
And, in refulgent bronze when his mighty form was invested, 
Forth to the field he rushed; as gigantic Ares to battle 
Stalks when he mingles in fight with heroes whom angry Kronion 
Plunges in soul-consuming strife and bitter contention. ( 2I °) 

Thus did gigantic Aias, the bulwark and strength of the Grecians, 
Grimly smiling, advance to the fight: each stride of the warrior 
Cov'ring a length of ground, with his long-forth-shadowing jav'lin, 
Poised in his grasp. And the Greeks rejoiced when they gazed on 

their champion: 
Trembled in every limb the fear-struck ranks of the Trojans. 
Hector himself for a moment perceived in his bosom a flutter. 
All retreat, however, was barred, all thought of withdrawing, 
Lost in the crowd of his friends; for himself had offered the challenge. 
Aias approached, advancing his mighty shield like a tower 
Brazen, with sev'n-fold hides. This Tychius the artist had made 
him (220) 

(Tychius, the foremost man of his craft, a dweller in Hyle), 
Easily wielded by Aias, though sev'n huge bulls had, to make it, 



142 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VII. 

Yielded their hides, and a plating of brass completed the fabric. 

Cov'ring his form with this, the great Telamonian Aias 

Close up to Hector advanced, and threat'ning thus he addressed 

him : 
"Hector! now art thou matched, and man to man shalt discover 
What sort of warriors are those who lead our hosts of Achaia. 
What though the breaker of ranks, the lion-hearted Achilles, 
Holds him aloof, by his high-beak'd ships, remote and inactive, 
Wroth against Atreus' son, the shepherd and guide of his people: (230) 
Others there are, and many amongst us, able to meet thee, 
Aye, and perchance to conquer. Come on then! Begin we the battle." 

Thus then crest-waving Hector, the mighty in battle, responded : 
"Aias divine! great Telamon's son, and the pride of thy nation! 
Threat not me as thou wouldst some inexperienced stripling, 
Or some woman, unversed in war and the conduct of battles. 
Fighting, and slaying of men, are to me nor new nor alarming. 
Shifting my shield now right, now left, I know to protect me. 
Weariness visits not me in the long-drawn stress of the combat. 
Skilled are my feet in each measured step of the dances of Ares, (240) 
Or with the foot to advance, or join in the rush of the chariots. 
Brave as thou art, unawares no weapon of mine shall assail thee, 
Stand 011 thy guard! This fairly is thrown, and I trust thou shalt 
feel it." 

Thus he spake, and hurled his long-forth-shadowing jav'lin. 
Full on the mighty sev'n-fold shield of Aias it lighted ; 
Piercing the shining brass, its eighth and outermost cov'ring, 
Passed with unblunted force through six tough hides, and beyond 

them 
Met, and at length stuck fast in the sev'nth. Then next in succession 
Aias divine sent forth his long-forth-shadowing jav'lin, 
Full on the smooth round shield of the son of Priam it lighted, (250) 
Thorough the shining bronze it forced its impetuous passage, 
Then through the corslet rich its course pursued, and descending, 
Glanced by his flank aside; and his vest was torn by the weapon; 
Swerving, however, with dext'rous skill black death he eluded. 
Tugging amain with both their hands they recovered their weapons, 



Book VI I.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 143 

Then in close fight they joined, like raw-devouring lions, 
Or as two mighty forest boars each rending the other. 
Full on the midst of Aias' shield the weapon of Hector 
Struck, but it entered not, and the point fell blunted and harmless. 
Aias came on with a bound, and smote his shield, and the impulse (260) 
Stopped his career and repelled him. The spear passed straight 

through his buckler, 
Cutting his neck beyond; and the dark blood flowed in a torrent. 
Tossing his lofty crest as in scorn of the hurt, to the combat 
Hector again returned. A stone he perceived, and he raised it 
Up from the plain where embedded it lay, black, rugged, and massive. 
This on the mighty sev'n-fold shield he dashed ; and it lighted 
Full on the central boss; and the brass rang loudly beneath it. 
Aias then in his turn a much heavier fragment uplifted, 
Huge as the nether block of a mill, and swinging it round him, 
Using enormous strength, broke through the buckler of Hector, (270) 
Crushing his knee. And supine he fell, by the shield all in fragments 
Bruised and o'erwhelmed. But Apollo restored his strength and 

upraised him. 
Then in yet closer fight, with their swords, had the heroes encountered, 
Had not the heralds, messengers holy of Gods and of mortals, 
Now" intervened ; Talthybius the wise, Idaeus the prudent, 
This for the Trojans, that for the bronze-mailed sons of Achaia. 
Stretching between them their sceptres they parted the chiefs; and 

Idaeus 
Thus delivered their sage resolves and counsels of prudence: 
"Fight no longer, my children! 7-etwn your swords to their scabbards, 
Dear alike are ye both to cloud-compelling Kronion : (280) 

Each, as we all have seen, is a champion brave, and a warrior. 
Night is at hand. To obey the night is the duty of all men." 

Answ'ring Idaeus, thus then spake Telamonian Aias : 
"Words like these, if it please him, let Hector speak, at thy bidding. 
His was the challenge, proffered to all the chiefs of the Grecians, 
Let him begin. I obey thy words if he set the example." 

Thus then the lord of the waving plume, great Hector, addressed 

him : 



144 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VII. 

"Aias! the Gods have giv'n thee stature and strength. They have 

giv'n thee 
Wisdom, and skill beyond all the Greeks in the use of thy weapon ; 
Therefore desist we now from fight and angry contention, (290) 
This day at least. When we fight it out on some future occasion 
Heav'n will decide between us, and crown the victor with glory. 
Night is at hand. To obey the night is the duty of all men. 
So shalt thou gladden the Greeks, at their ships, who greet thy returning : 
All thy companions in arms, and all thy friends who surround thee. 
I too returning again to the lofty city of Priam 
Joy shall bring to the Trojans, and long-robed matrons of Troia 
All at this moment engaged in prayer and solemn procession. 
Yet. ere we part, exchange we costly gifts with each other. 
So shall our friends, in either host, when they speak of our combat, (300) 
Say, 'Those chiefs who met in such fierce and bitter contention 
Learned to respecl each other's worth, and parted in friendship.'" 
Thus having said he presented a sword, bright hilted with silver, 
Which with the sheath and broidered belt he handed to Aias, 
Who, on his part, a baldric gave resplendent with purple. 
Both then retired; the one to rejoin the host of the Grecians, 
Back to the crowd of Trojans the other. These, when they met him, 
Greatly rejoiced to behold him, alive returned, and in safety- 
Unsubdued by the giant force of invincible Aias : 
More than they dared to hope: and with shouts to the city they led 

him. (3 10 ) 

Aias the while, triumphant, the bright-greaved sons of Achaia 
Brought, as if victor in fight declared to divine Agamemnon. 

Now to Atreides' tent were they come, and the chiefs were assembled ; 
There at the King's command was a steer led up to the altar, 
Five years old, and a male, for the son of mysterious Kronos 
This they flayed, and the carcase dressed, and the limbs they divided, 
Cut into portions the flesh, transfixed and skilfully roasted, 
Drew them from off the spits, and served them for meat at the tables. 
Thus was the meal prepared, and the banquet spread; and they 

feasted 
Each to his soul's content : nor lacked they abundance or welcome. (320) 



Book VI I .] THE ILIA D OF HOMER. 1 45 

* 

Atreus' heroic son, the wide-ruling prince Agamemnon, 
Ordered the length entire of the chine to be set before Aias. 
But when the cravings of hunger and thirst at length were abated, 
Nestor, ever the first to unfold the counsels of wisdom, 
Ever the most approved by all, uprose to advise them. 
Sagely he spoke, and these were the words he addressed to the 
princes : 

"Mighty Atreides ! And you, ye leaders renown' d of the Grecians, 
Many, too many, have fall'n of the long-hair'd sons of Achaia, 
Mingling their purple blood with the wide-rolling stream of Scamander 
At stern Ares' behest. And their souls have descended to Hades. (330) 
Bid thou the Greeks with to-morrow's dawn desist from their warfare. 
Bid them collect their dead, and with mules, with oxen, and chariots 
Bring them together, somewhat apart from the vessels, and burn them. 
So shall each man preserve the bones of his friends, and convey them 
Back to their native land, when fate shall ordain our departure. 
Then be a mound heaped up on the site of the pyre — a memorial 
Common to all : and commencing thence, be a wall and a rampart 
Built with all speed, with lofty tow'rs, to serve as a bulwark 
Both to our ships and ourselves. And let gates be made for our 

chariots 
Forth to proceed for war, well barred, and strongly protected. (340) 
Outside, dig we a trench profound, surrounding the rampart; 
This shall avail to protect both horses and men, should the Trojans 
Press, elate with their brief success, too closely upon us." 

Thus he spake, and the princes all approved his proposal. 
Meanwhile, in Troy was held a confused and distracted assembly, 
Gathered on Pergamos' height, at the gates of the palace of Priam. 
Sage Antenor took up the word, and thus he harangued them: 

"Hear me, ye Trojans, Dardans, and faithful allies of our city / 
While I declare unto all what the soul in my bosom commands me. 
Act as becomes your fa??ie. Restore at once to th' Atreidas (350) 
Argive Helen and all her treasures. Are we not fighting 
Under the ban of broken oaths? What better can happen, 
What success we can hope, I see not : if this be rejected." 

Thus having said he resumed his seat. Then rose to address them 



10 



i 4 6 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VII. 

Fair-hair'd Helena's spouse, the godlike prince, Alexandros, 
Who in these ardent words replied, giving vent to his anger: 
"Sore displeasing, An tenor, to me are the words thou hast uttered ; 
Well dost thou know far better and wiser counsel to offer. 
If thou be serious, indeed, and this thy deliberate meaning, 
Truly, methinks, th' immortal Gods have deprived thee of reason. (360) 
I, in my turn, have a word to speak to the horse-taming Trojans, 
Once for all, I declare it — my wife will I never relinquish. 
As for the treasure— all that from Argos I brought unto Ilion 
Ready am I to restore, and with wealth of my own to augment it." 

This having said he resumed his seat. Then rose to address them 
Priamus, Dardanus' son, superior to mortals in wisdom. 
Sagely he spake, and these were the words he addressed to the meeting : 
"Hear me, ye Trojans, Dardans, and faithful allies of our city! 
While I declare to all what the soul in my bosom commands me : 
First, as in usual course, let food be served to the army. (370) 
Post strong guards for the night, and be each man watchful and 

ready. 
Then, with to-morrow's dawn, let Idaeus proceed to their vessels, 
Let him report Alexandros' words on the cause of our quarrel 
Unto th' Atreidse both, Menelaiis and king Agamemnon. 
Let him moreover a truce demand from war and its uproar, 
Prudently wording his message : that so to the slain may be granted 
Funeral rites. This done, when again we shall mingle in conflict, 
Heav'n will decide between us, and crown the victors with glory." 

Thus he spake, and to all he said the people assented. 
Food was distributed then to the troops, assembled by sections. (380) 
Morning dawned, and Idseus sought the ships of the Grecians, 
Where, by the stern of Atreides' ship, he found them assembled, 
Ready alike for council and deeds of arms : and amidst them 
Taking his stand, the clear-voiced herald delivered his message: 
"O ye Atreidse, and all ye distinguished chiefs of the Grecians, 
Priam hath sent me hither, and Troy's illustrious leaders, 
Bidding me speak what perchance may well deserve your attention ; 
What Alexander himself, the cause of our quarrel, proposes. 
All the treasures he brought to Troy when he quitted your country, 



Book VII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 147 

Crossing the sea with his ships (Oh, would that first he had 
perished!), (390) 

These will he freely restore, and with wealth of his own will aug- 
ment them. 
Not so Helen, the youthful spouse of great Menelaiis ; 
Her will he never yield, though greatly the Trojans desire it. 
Further, I come commissioned a truce from war and its uproar 
In fair words to demand; that so to the slain may be granted 
Funeral rites. This done, if again we mingle in conflict, 
Heav'n will decide between us, and crown the victors with glory." 

Thus he spake: and all received the proposal in silence. 
Brave Diomedes at length uprose and declared his opinion: 
"Neither the treasure, nor Helen herself, let a man of the Grecians (400) 
Think of accepting. Surely a child may see that destruction 
Hovers o'er Ilion's walls, and that nought can save her from ruin." 

Ended the chief, and shouted assent the sons of Achaia, 
All the decisive words of stern Diomedes approving. 
Then Agamemnon the king thus spake, addressing Idseus: 

"Now, thou hast heard, Idseus, how Greece receives thy proposal. 
Go! report her reply — and add, Agamemnon approves it. 
But, as regards the dead, I refuse not permission to burn them. 
Grudge bear we none to the slain, nor war with inanimate corses. 
Fall'n, let the last sad rite be in haste performed, to appease them. (410) 
So be it! witness it, thundering Zeus, thou consort of Hera!" 
Thus as he spake, to the pow'rs on high he uplifted his sceptre. 

Back Idseus returned to the sacred city of Ilion, 
Where both Trojans and Dard&ns he found assembled in council 
Ev'n as he left them, waiting to hear the result of his mission. 
Straightway advancing among them he stood, and delivered his message 
Full in the midst of all: and without delay they proceeded, 
Some to collect the bodies, and some for wood to consume them. 
Nor with less anxious zeal went forth the Greeks from their vessels, 
Gath'ring together their dead and collecting the fuel to burn them. (420) 

Bright o'er the freshen' d fields was the sun in his glory ascending 
Into the clear expanse; o'er the smooth and deep-flowing ocean 
Shedding a holy calm. Then met the Greeks and the Trojans 



148 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VII. 

Seeking their friends, disfigured with wounds and hard to distinguish. 
Off with water they washed the clotted gore, and upraised them, 
Many a warm tear dropping the while; and laid them on chariots. 
Priam allowed no clamorous woe. But inwardly grieving, 
Silent they heaped their dead on the mighty pyre and consumed them. 
Sadly and slow, the rite performed, they returned to the city. 
Nor with less pious care did the bright-greaved sons of Achaia (430) 
Heap on the pile their dead, and burn them with fire, and departing 
Sorrowing and slow, the rite performed, return to their vessels. 

Thus passed the mournful day. With the morrow's dawn in the 
twilight 
Issued a chosen band of Greeks. The pyre they surrounded, 
Heaping upon it a mighty mound from the plain, a ?nemorial 
Common to all; and commencing thence, a wall and a rampart • 
Speedily built, with lofty towers, to serve as a bulwark 
Both for their ships and themselves. And a gate they made for 

the chariots 
Forth to the war to proceed, well barred and strongly protected. 
Outside of all a trench they dug surrounding the rampart (440) 
Broad and profound, and sharp palisades they planted within it. 

Thus did the long-hair'd Greeks with toil complete their defences. 
All the Gods meanwhile, around Zeus, dread wielder of lightning, 
Sate, admiring the mighty work of the bronze-mail'd Achaians. 
Then Poseidon, earth-shaking pow'r, uprose and addressed him: 
"Father Zeus! doth a man on the wide earth's measureless surface 
Live, who henceforth will open his heart to the blessed immortals? 
See! what a length of wall these long-hair'd sons of Achaia 
Round their ships have built! what a trench ihey have made! 
what a rampart! (449) 

All in the pride of their hearts: nor prayers nor hecatombs offered ! 
Wide as the dawn's broad light will this work's fame be extended, 
That which Phoebus and I performed of old be forgotten, 
That we so toilsomely raised round great Laomedon's city." 

Grievously anger'd, Zeus, the cloud-compeller, responded: 
"Lord of the earthquake's might! What words are these thou hast 
uttered? 



Book VII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 149 

Thoughts like these might disturb some feebler pow'r of Olympus, 
Much thy inferior in strength, and much less wide in dominion. 
Far as the day-spring shines thy fame will for aye be extended. 
As for this wall which excites thy wrath: when the sons of Achaia 
Back to their dear-lov'd land are returned, thou hast but to 

whelm it (460) 

Deep in thy seas, uptearing it all' from its lowest foundations ; 
Spreading thy sands once more o'er the broad flat beach it disfigures. 
So shall no trace remain of this wond'rous work of the Grecians." 

Thus discoursed the immortal Gods in the halls of Olympus. 
Set, meanwhile, was the sun, and the work of the Greeks was 

completed. 
Oxen were slain, and beneath their tents a repast was provided. 
Wine, in many a ship from Lemnos' isle, by Euneus, 
Son of the prince Iason, whom fair Hypsipyle bore him, 
Sent, from his plenteous stores, was ready at hand in abundance. 
Thence had been landed a thousand measures of wine, from 

Euneus, (47°) 

Sent, as a royal gift, apart, to the brother Atreidae. 
Thence, too, the long-hair'd Greeks drew large supplies; which they 

purchased, 
Some with brass, and others with shining steel, or with oxen; 
Some with their hides, and some with captive slaves. And provision 
Lacked not, largely prepared for all the hosts of Achaia. 
All night long they feasted, and all night long in the city 
Feasted the Troian hosts, and the faithful allies of the Trojans. 
High over-head meanwhile through the night loud thunder was pealing, 
Sign of an angry god. And pale was each visage with terror. 
Each man poured on the ground some wine from his cup. By 

libations (480) 

Zeus unappeased, none dared advance his- lips- to the goblet. 
Wearied at length they reclined, and enjoyed the blessing of 

slumber. 



THE ILIAD 

BOOK VIII. 



BOOK THE EIGHTH. 



Argument. 



Zeus convenes the Gods on Oly77ipus, and forbids them to aid either of 
the contending armies. Retiring to Ida, he hangs out the scales of destiny, 
and conformably to their indication darts his lightnings on the Greeks. 
Nestor, one of whose horses is killed, mounts the car of Diomede, and 
together they attack Heclor, whose charioteer is slain by Diomede. There- 
tip on Zeus direcls a thunderbolt in front of their advancing car. They 
turn and quit the combat. Heclor pursues. Agamemnon rallies the Greeks 
at their ships and the battle is renewed. The exploits of Teucer, whom 
Heclor disables. Hera and P alias, disobey i7tg the^ coinmand of Zeus, arm and 
set forth froin Olympus to assist the Greeks, and are recalled with threats 
by Iris,. Night coining on the Greeks retire within their wall, and Heclor 
and the Trojans encaiitp around it Night scene in the Trojan camp. 



ILIAD. BOOK VIII. 



F\AWN, in his saffron mantle clad, the earth had illumined, 

When, on the loftiest of all the bristling peaks of Olympus, 
Thundering Zeus an assembly convened of the blessed immortals. 
Thus he addressed them, list'ning all with breathless attention: 

"Hear me, ye Gods and Goddesses all, blest pow'rs of Olympus I 
While unto each I declare what the soul in my bosom commands me. 
This, my word, no God of you all, be he male, be she female, 
Venture to contravene; but assent at once and obey me: 
So shall I quickly bring this long dispute to an issue. 
Whomsoe'er of the Gods I shall see going forth, with intention, (10) 
Or to the Greek or the Trojan cause to render assistance, 
Smitten and sore disgraced that God shall return to Olympus ; 
Or into Tartarus' gloomy gulph it may please me to hurl him 
Far from hence, where deep under ground a horrible dungeon 
Yawns. Its gates are of steel, its threshold brass. Beneath Hades 
Deeper it lies and further down than -earth from the heavens. 
So shall he learn how far my might all other surpasses. 
Come now, ye Gods ! make trial of strength, that all may behold it : 
Down will I cast from heaven a golden chain, and support it. 
Thereby, ye Gods and Goddesses all suspended, endeavour (20) 
Down from Olympus to earth to drag your Lord and your Master. 
Vain were your strength; your united efforts in vain were exerted. 
But should it please me to draw you aloft, with ease could I lift you, 
Not yourselves alone, but the earth itself and the ocean. 



154 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book VIII. 



Should I then bind the chain round the topmost peak of Olympus, 
There the stupendous frame would hang, suspended in aether. 
Such is my pow'r compared with the might of Gods and of mortals." 

Such his command. And in silent awe th' assembly received it, 
Wond'ring much at his words : for stern and severe was their menace. 
Answered however, at length, the blue-eyed goddess Athene: (30) 
"Sire of us all! Great Kronos' son! supreme among sov'reigns! 
Well we know, and all acknowledge, that none can resist thee. 
Still must we grieve, and pity the woes of the Danaan warriors, 
Helpless left, to endure thy wrath and perish before us. 
Yet we obey thy mandate, and mix no more in the contest. 
Counsel howbeit thou wilt not, surely, forbid us to offer: 
So that they sink not all o'erwhelmed by the weight of thine anger." 

Smiling upon her, Zeus these words addressed to his daughter : 
"Be of good cheer, Tritonia, child belov'd! nor interpret 
Aught that I said too harshly. To thee am I ever indulgent." (40) 
Thus he spake, and the brazen-hoof d steeds attached to his chariot, 
Swift as the wind. Broad floated their golden manes on their shoulders. 
Golden raiment around him he flung; then mounted the chariot, 
Bearing aloft in his hand a golden scourge; and the horses 
Lashed; and with right good will they darted away through the 

aether, 
Spread forth betwixt this earth and the star-strown concave of heaven. 
Fountful Ida, the teeming nurse of each beast of the forest, 
Reached he; and Gargarus' height with its sacred grove and its altar. 
There did the father of Gods and men draw rein, and the horses 
Loosed; and from mortal sight in a shroud of vapour concealed 
them: (50) 

Thence, on the topmost peak high-throned, exulting in glory, 
Viewed at his feet the tow'rs of Troy and the ships of the Grecians. 

Now had the Greeks partaken a hasty meal, and for battle 
Each beneath his tent braced on his glittering armour. 
While, on their part, the Trojans throughout the city were arming ; 
Fewer in number indeed, yet not less eager for conflict. 
Well was their need ! compelled to fight for their wives and their 
children. 



Book VIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 155 

Wide were the gates thrown open, and forth the multitude issued, 
Footmen and horse, mid the clash of arms and the rattle of chariots, 
Pouring forth on the plain. When now both hosts were confronted, (60) 
Dire was the clash of shields, of spears, and of panoplied warriors 
Grappling with might and main. And the bosses round of their 

bucklers 
Close together were thrust. Then arose the din of the battle. 
Shouts of victorious joy, and cries and groans of the vanquished 
Mixed in one roar. Then streamed with blood the ground that they 

trampled. 
Thus, while the sacred light waxed strong, and the sun was ascending, 
Wound for wound was exchanged, and hero perished for hero. 
But when the sun had attained his mid-day height in the concave, 
Then hung forth the Father his golden scales. In the balance 
Laid he the long-reposing fates now ripe for fulfilment (70) 

Both of the Trojans and Greeks : fates fraught with death and ivith 

conquest. 
Held by the middle, he poised them on high ; and the scale of the 

Grecians, 
Heavy with death, sank low. Earth's fruitful bosom received it. 
Bounded aloft the Troian scale and invaded the heavens. 

Zeus then thundered aloud from Ida's height, and the lightning 
Blazing, among the Greeks flashed fierce. They beheld, and amaze- 
ment 
Seized on their souls, and each bold cheek grew pallid with terror. 
Then nor Idomeneus dared remain, nor great Agamemnon, 
Nor th' Aiantes twain, those valiant servants of Ares. 
Nestor alone, of Greece th' inspiring spirit and guardian (80) 

Staid. No choice was left him : for one of his steeds was disabled. 
Him Alexandros, Helena's spouse, had pierced with an arrow. 
Full on the front, where the forelock hair sprouts forth from the 

forehead, 
Lighted the dart, on a spot where a wound received would be mortal. 
Smitten, in torment he reared, for the brain was reached by the arrow. 
Writhing around the dart he plunged and entangled his fellows. 
Down sprang Nestor in haste, with his sword to sever the traces, 



156 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VIII. 

Just as advancing swift through the press came the chariot of Hector, 
Bearing exulting along in the full career of his onset 
Hector himself. Then, Nestor! thy days of life had been ended, (90) 
Had not brave Diomedes perceived the danger that threatened. 
Shouting aloud in a thundering voice he appealed to Odysseus : 
"Whither, Laertes' heav'n-born son, deep-scheming Odysseus, 
Whither, turning thy back, dost thou run with the crowd, like a 

dastard? 
Look to it! lest from behind transfix' d some spear shall arrest thee. 
Turn ! and assist our aged friend and repel his assailant." 
Thus he spake. Much-enduring Odysseus heard not the summons. 
On he pressed, till safely he reached the ships of the Grecians. 
Then, though alone, Tydeides confronted the Trojans advancing, 
Standing before the steeds of Neleus' son r to protect him, (100) 
Thus exhorting his friend with encouraging words of assurance : 
"Sorely, my good old friend, do these youthful warriors oppress thee, 
Strength hast thou little left, and age weighs heavy upon thee : 
Weary and worn is- thy faithful attendant : slow are thy horses : 
Mount my car ! and behold how these Troian coursers will bear us 
Sweeping across the plain, now here, now there • now advancing 
Fierce to the charge; now swift in pursuit; now haply retreating. 
These from ^Eneas I took — they are used to war and its terrors. 
These thy steeds to our servants be giv'n in charge. With the others 
Meet we the foe. Then Hector shall feel, that insolejit boaster, (no) 
Whether Tydeides' spear can rage in the hands of its master." 

Thus Diomedes advised. Gerenian Nestor assented. 
Sthenelus lightly then sprang down from the car of his master, 
Joining Eurymedon brave, and took charge of the horses of Nestor, 
While on Tydeides' car both chiefs prepared for the combat. 
Nestor assumed the shining reins and lashed on the horses, 
Urging them on, till Hector i?i full career they encountered. 
Hurrying impetuous on, Tydeides darted his jav'lin, 
Aiming at Hector's breast; b>ut it missed its mark, and Thebaean 
Heniopeus, his charioteer, struck full on the bosom ( I2 °) 

Under the pap : and he dropped the reins, and fell from the chariot. 
Back recoiled in terror the steeds, and the hapless attendant 



Book VIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 157 

Breathed his last on the plain where he lay, and his spirit forsook 

him. 
Grieved was Hector at heart, at the death of his friend and attendant : 
There, however, he left him stretched, for vain was his sorrow. 
Forthwith another driver he sought, nor long did his horses 
Lack an experienced hand to assume their reins and direct them. 
Brave Archeptolemus, Iphitus' son, he found, who the chariot 
Mounted at once, and assumed the reins, and encouraged the horses. 

Then had been wrought unheard-of feats of prowess and valour: (130) 
Then had the Trojans been pent in their town, like sheep for the 

slaughter, 
Had not the Father of Gods and men perceived and forbid it. 
Dreadfully rolled his thunder. Forth flashed the bolt, and alighting 
Blazing, down on the ground at the feet of Diomed's horses, 
Wrapped them in dire sulphureous flames and smouldering vapour. 
Low crouched the steeds beneath the car, all trembling with terror. 
Then from the hands of Nestor flew the reins, and the old man 
Shuddered with fear, and addressed these words to brave Diomedes : 
"Turn, son of Tydeus ! turn thy steeds, and retreat from the contest ; 
Seest thou not that the might of Zeus is fighting against thee? (140) 
This day's glory Kronion hath granted our foe; but to-morrow 
Victory yet may be ours, if so perchance it shall please him. 
Nought can the force of mortal man prevail, nor his valour 
Jove's high will to control, or contend in strength with the mightiest." 

Then Diomedes, great in the roar of battle responded: 
"All thou say'st, old man, is, like fate's decrees, undisputed. 
Grief, however, consumes my heart and soul, when in fancy 
Heclor I hear exulting, and boasting aloud to his Trojans: 
'Lo ! where Tydeides flies to his ships from the terrors 0/" Hector!' 
Thus will he vaunt. Yawn wide then, Earth! and hide my con- 
fusion." (~*-$ ) 
Then to his words in turn replied Gerenian Nestor: 
"Warlike Tydeus' son! What words are these thou hast spoken? 
What though vaunting Hector should call thee base and a recreant, 
Small assent will his boasts receive from Trojans or Dardans, 
Or from the weeping widows of those brave Troian heroes, 



158 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VIII. 

Whom in the flow'r of their youth thine arm hath hurled to destruction." 

Thus he spake, and turned the stamping steeds and the chariot, 
Joining the flying rout. And the Trojans followed, and Hector, 
Shouting triumphant, and pouring destructive missiles upon them. 
Loud above all resounded the shout of crest-waving Hector: (160) 
"Honour'd, Tydeides ! once was thy name at the feasts of the Grecians; 
High did they seat thee, and heaped thy board, and replenished thy 

goblet; 
Now will they hold thee in scorn when they see thee fly like a woman. 
Off with thee! paltry girl! The walls of our Ilian city, 
Hector retreating, thou ne'er shalt climb, nor our wives and our 

daughters 
Carry away to thy ships. At my hands thy doom shall await thee." 

Thus he spake, and Tydeides heard, and inly debated 
Whether to turn his steeds and again confront his pursuers. 
Thrice in the depths of his heart this thought arose, and as often 
Zeus with fresh-vollied thunders from Ida's summit repressed it, (170) 
Beaconing on the Trojans to seize their moment for vict'ry. 
Hector then shouted aloud, and thus encouraged the Trojans: 

"Hear me! ye Trojans, Lycians, and fierce Dardanian swordsmen, 
Shew yourselves men, my friends! Remember your fame and your 

valour, 
Now is the time — I behold it nigh — when Zeus hath accorded 
Conquest and glory to Troy; to the Greeks defeat and confusion. 
Fools that they were ! Behold what walls they have built to protect 

them, 
Worthless and weak! unfit to arrest my impetuous onset. 
See, too, the trench they have dug! My steeds at a bound will 

o'erleap it. 
Then, to their hollow ships through their headlong rout when I lead 

you, ( l8 o) 

Some one be mindful of fire. Let blazing torches be kindled. 
So shall I wrap their fleet in devouring flames, and the Argives, 
Stifled, and blind with smoke, fall an easy prey to your valour." 
Thus he spake. Then his horses he cheered, and thus he addressed 

them : 



Book VIII.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



159 



"Xanthus, and ye, brave steeds, Podargus, Lampus, and yEthon! 
Now is your time to requite me for all my care, and the kindness 
Shewn you by fair Andromache, great Eetion's daughter; 
Her, who hath fed you oft with rich abundance of barley; 
Mingling with wine your drink, when your faint 'ing spirits required itj 
Caring for you before myself, her lord and her husband; ( I 9°) 

Now be ye swift, and follow them up, and help me to capture 
That great shield of Nestor, whose fame ascends to the heavens; 
All, both its orb and its handles, of solid gold. From his shoulders 
Give me to tear Diomedes' arms, that marvellous corslet 
Wrought with Daedalian skill : for Hephaestus himself was the artist. 
These should we take, this night I might hope to behold the Achaians 
Hurrying onboard their ships, and speedingtheir fight der the ocean." 

Boastingly thus he spake. But Hera indignantly heard him, 
Quiv'ring with rage on her throne, while Olympus trembled beneath 

her. 
Then to Poseidon, mighty Pow'r, she turned, and addressed him: (200) 
"Shame on such deeds! Thou wide earth-shaker, hast thou no pity? 
Is not thy soul within thee grieved for our perishing Grecians? 
Many and rich are the gifts which at Helice fair and at yEgae 
Duteous, they heap on thy shrine. Oh! help them. Will them to 

conquer ! 
Should we but join — we pow'rs who befriend the cause of the 

Grecians — 
Troy might be turned to flight : those thunders stripped of their terrors : 
Zeus in his turn might grieve, left sitting alone upon Ida." 

Angered, and much disturbed, thus answered the Lord of the 

earthquake : 
"Oh! inconsiderate Hera! What words are these thou hast uttered? 
Think not I shall persuade the Gods to contend with Kronion. 
/// would it fare with all ^/"opposed in fight to the mightiest." (211) 
Thus they communed on high, disclosing their thoughts to each 

other. 
All the space meanwhile, from the ships to the wall and the trenches, 
Densely was filled with bucklered men, with horses and chariots, 
Crowded togeth'r in a close-wedg'd mass, and followed by Hector, 



160 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VIII. 

Brave as the God of war, and by Zeus led onward to glory. 
Then bad devouring flames consumed the fleets of Achaia, 
Had not Atreides himself, all breathless with haste and exertion, 
Prompted by Hera divine, stood forth and rallied his warriors. 
Swiftly his course he bent to the tents and ships of the Grecians, (220) 
Holding aloft in his hand his purple robe, as a signal: 
There arrived, on the tall black ship of Odysseus he mounted, 
Moored in the midst of the line, that on either hand they might 

hear him, 
There, to the ships and tents of the great Telamonian Aias, 
Here, to Achilles' camp: for these their vessels had stationed 
Farthest, at either extreme, on their strength and valour relying. 
Thence, in accents clear and loud, he exhorted the Grecians: 

"Shame on ye Greeks! Ye disgrace the name! But in form are 
ye soldiers. 
Where are your boasts, when ye vaunted yourselves the bravest of 

mortals ? 
All that empty and braggart talk ye poured forth at Lemnos, (230) 
Gorging yourselves with the flesh of horned steers at our banquet, 
Crowning the flowing bowl, each cup false courage inspiring. 
Then was each man a match for a hundred or two of the Trojans, 
Meeting them fairly in fight! But now one singly suffices, 
Hector! to drive you before him, and burn the ships ye rely on. 
Father Zeus ! didst thou e'er in thy wrath thus hunt to destruction 
One of the mighty, the kings of the earth, and extinguish his glory? 
Yet did I ne'er unhonoured thy altars pass, when from Argos 
Hither on luckless errand I sailed w r ith my many-benched vessels. 
Each fair altar smoked w T ith the fat and the thighs of my victims (240) 
Offered, with prayer that Troy's proud walls thou wouldst crumble 

in ruin. 
Now to my prayers, Oh! grant this last despah'ing petition, 
All I ask is flight and escape. Oh! suffer not Troia 
Thus to sweep from the earth these last remains of the Grecians." 

Thus he prayed. Zeus, pitying his tears, the petition accorded; 
Opened a way for safety, nor suffered the people to perish. 
Forthwith an eagle, noblest of birds, he sent, as an omen, 



Book VIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 161 

Holding a swift hind's tender fawn fast clutched in his talons. 
Soaring o'er Jove's Panomphaean shrine, where gathered the Grecians 
Instant in prayer, down cast he the fawn at the feet of the altar. (250) 
This when they saw, and perceived that the bird from Zeus had 

been sent them, 
Courage they took, and renewed the fight, and rushed on the Trojans. 
Then no Greek of that countless host might boast to have equalled 
Tydeus' son, as in swift career he urged on his horses, 
Crossing the trench to resume his post in front of the battle. 
Far before all he encountered a crested chief of the Trojans, 
Phradmon's son, Agelaiis, who turned to flight when he saw him : 
But, as he turned, Tydeides' spear through his back found a passage, 
Ent'ring between his shoulders and issuing forth from his bosom; 
Down he fell from his car, and his armour rattled around him. (260) 
Then came th' Atreidae twain, Agamemnon and brave Menelaus; 
Close upon these th' Aiantes twain, all glowing with ardour; 
Next Idomeneus bold, and his trusty friend and companion 
Merion, wondrous chief! like death-dealing Ares in battle. 
These Eurypylus followed, the noble son of Evaemon; 
Teucer the ninth, with bended bow, and the shaft on his bowstring. 
Shelter' d behind the shield of great Telamonian Aias 
Teucer stood. The shield withdrawn, he chose out his victim, 
Taking unerring aim. Then woe to the man it encountered! 
Wing'd with death was the shaft : he fell, and his spirit forsook 
him. (270) 

Back retreating again, like a child to his mother, in safety 
Under his bright protecting shield his brother received him. 
Whom did he first, whom last, pick off from the ranks of the Trojans? 
First Orsilochus, Ormenus then, and next Ophelestes, 
Daetor, and Chromius met their fate, and divine Lycophontes, 
Then Polyaemon's son Amopaon, and brave Menalippus. 
One after other they fell, and strewed the ground with their corses. 
Him, rejoicing, beheld the king of men, Agamemnon, 
Thinning with deadly bow the advancing ranks of the Trojans. 
Quickly beside him he stood, and thus addressed he the archer (280) 
"Leader of heroes! Dear to my soul! Telamonian Teucer 



:62 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VIII 



Hold not thy hand! Shoot ever thus. Be a light to the Grecians, 
Aye, and to Telamon too, thy father; who when an infant, 
Spite of thy bastard birth, in his palace nurtured and reared thee, 
Now to receive, from thy deeds, though distant, glory and worship. 
Hear what I say, and what, be assured, shall be fully accomplished, 
When the great ^Egis-bearing Zeus and Athena shall grant me, 
After so many toils, fair Troia's city to capture, 
Next to my own in value some costly prize will I give thee: 
Either a tripod of gold, or two good steeds, with their chariot, (290) 
Or, if it please thee better, some captive maid be thy portion." 

Thus to his words replied young Teucer, the brave and the 
blameless : 
"Glorious Atreides! Need hast thou none to exhort me to action. 
Think not I mean to desist, while strength and vigour are left me. 
From the first moment we turned the Trojans in flight to their city, 
Have I not ceased to slay, and to strike down men with my arrows. 
Eight of my long-barb'd shafts have already flown from my bowstring, 
Each stands fix't in the heart of some young vigorous warrior; 
Yet can I never reach this raging dog with my weapons." 

Thus he spake, and another shaft let fly from his bowstring (300) 
Aiming at Hector full; for his soul was eager to slay him. 
Hector however it missed ; Gorgythion the brave and the blameless, 
One of the sons of Priam, received the dart in his bosom. 
Castianeira, divine in feature and form, was his mother, 
Who in vEsyme had dwelt, there wooed and wedded by Priam. 
And as with fruit and vernal show'rs surcharged, in a garden 
Some bright poppy declines its head, and droops with its burthen, 
Sidelong thus was his fair young head weighed down by his helmet. 

Teucer again another shaft dismissed from his bowstring, 
Aiming once more at Hector, with fixed resolve to destroy him. (310) 
Hector again he missed — for Apollo wafted it sideways. 
Brave Archeptolemus, Hector's charioteer, to the onset 
Urging his fiery steeds, it struck 'neath the pap, on his bosom. 
Down from the car he dropped. Then swerved in terror the horses, 
Checked in their mid career, and his strength and spirit forsook him. 
Grieved was Hector at heart for the loss of his faithful attendant. 



Book VIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 163 

There, however, he left him stretched, for vain was his sorrow. 
Cebriones, his brother, was near: him Hector invited 
Forthwith to take the reins, and at once he sprang to the chariot. 
Then leaped Hector down from the shining car, and like thunder (320) 
Shouted a dreadful shout; and lifting a ponderous fragment 
Rushed on Teucer at once, with determined purpose to crush him. 
He, meanwhile, with another shaft from the store in his quiver 
Fixed on the string, stood in act to shoot. But crest-waving Hector, 
Just when the bow was drawn, ere the shaft leaped forth, on his 

shoulder 
Dashed the rough stone. On the collar-bone, where the neck from 

the bosom 
Springs (a most dang'rous place for a wound), it struck, and the 

bowstring 
Broke, and benumbed his hand and wrist drawn home to the shoulder. 
Down he sank on his knees, and the bow on the ground dropp'd 

harmless. 
Aias, however, his fall'n and wounded brother forsook not, (330) 
Sprang to his aid, and o'er him stood, and extended his buckler, 
While from the ground two comrades true upraised and sustained him, 
Brave Mecisteus, Echius' son, and godlike Alastor. 
These to the Grecian ships conveyed him, heavily groaning. 

Then once more did Olympian Zeus give strength to the Trojans. 
Back to within their trench they drove the Greeks in confusion, 
Hector leading their van with fierce and infuriate aspect. 
As when a hound pursues some lion or boar of the forest, 
Following him up from behind he hangs on his thighs and his 

haunches, 
Watches, and galls him at every turn, on his swiftness relying; (340) 
Hector thus hung on the rear of the long-hair'd Greeks, and the 

hindmost 
Still, as they fled, struck down, and marked his path with their corses. 
Now had they passed the fosse and its deep-fix t stakes, in disorder 
Hurrying along, and many had fall'n by the hands of the Trojans. 
Densely crowded, among their ships the rest were entangled, 
Shouting one to another, uplifting their hands to the heavens, 



i64 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VIII. 

Calling on all the gods, and praying aloud for deliv'rance. 

Hector around the press with his long-maned steeds was careering, 

Darting from eyes like Ares' own, Gorgonian splendour. 

This, when the white-armed Hera beheld, she pitied the Grecians; (350) 

Thus in indignant words expressing her grief to Athene: 

''Daughter of ^Egis-bearing Zeus, say, must we abandon 

Care for the perishing Greeks in this last extreme of their fortune? 

Lo! how they sink o'erwhelmed by an evil fate! How they suffer 

Under the insolent force of one, unendurably raging, 

Hector, Priamus' son! What woes he already hath wrought them." 

Thus in her turn replied the blue-eyed Goddess Athene: 
"Vain were his valour and strength, and long, long since had he perished 
Under the Grecian sword, beneath the ramparts of Ilion, 
Were not the mind of Zeus my sire insanely perverted; (360) 

Cruel, unjust as he is, still bent on thwarting my efforts. 
Has he forgotten, ungrateful I how oft I came to the rescue, 
Saving his son, opprest with the tasks imposed by Eurystheus? 
Oft unto heav'n in distress he cried. Then Zeus would dispatch me 
Down from Olympus to lend him aid, and save him from mischief 
Had my prophetic soul but whispered he thus would requite me 
When to the dismal realm of Hell's black gaoler he sent me, 
Hades' dog commissioned to chain, and from Erebus drag him, 
Ne'er had that son recrossed those darksome Stygian waters. 
Now doth my sire abhor me, and yields himself wholly to Thetis, (370) 
Only because she embraced his knees and kissed them, and suppliant 
Raised with her hand his beard, and besought him to honour Achilles. 
Soon, no doubt, will he call me again his azure-eyed fav'rite. 
Hera! do thou however the horses yoke to our chariot. 
I myself to the palace of Zeus will repair, and for combat 
There will I don my refulgent arms. Let us see whether Hector, 
Priamus' high-plumed son, will hail with joy our appearance 
Rallying the Greeks, and restoring the broken lines of their battle. 
Then some few of the Trojans perchance may the dogs and the 

vultures 
Feast with their fat and their flesh on the shore by the ships of the 

Grecians." (3 80) 



Book VIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 165 

Thus she spake, and the white-armed Here gladly assented, 
And without further delay th' imperial daughter of Kronos 
Braced on th' immortal coursers their frontlets of gold and their 

harness. 
Pallas Athene, daughter of ^Egis-bearing Kronion, 
Then let fall on the floor of her father's palace the mantle, 
Gloriously wrought, which the skill of her own fair hands had 

embroidered. 
Then in the arms of cloud-compelling Zeus she arrayed her,. 
Donning his corslet for dreary war, and the horrors of battle. 
Armed, on the fiery car she sprang: firm grasping the jav'lin 
Stubborn and huge, with whose pond'rous force, uplifted in anger, (390) 
Child of a mighty sire, she quells the array of her foemen. 
Forthwith Hera the scourge applied and excited the coursers. 
Clanging,, self-opened, the gates of Heav'n flew wide, by the Horae 
Guarded, to whom are entrusted the portals e?/" Heav'n and Olympus, 
Or to roll back their veil of cloud, or to wrap them in darkness. 
Urged to their speed, through these swift dashed the celestial 

coursers. 
Dire was the wrath of Zeus when from Ida's height he beheld them. 
Iris the golden-winged he dispatched ; and these were his orders : 
"Iris! away! be swift! Turn back that pair, nor permit them, 
Thus my commands to oppose. A fight were unseemly between 

us. (400) 

Tell them — this I declare, this threat shall be surely accomplished, 
Down from their car will I hurl them, their horses lamed and disabled, 
Rolling beneath their car overturned and shattered to fragments. 
Ten revolving years shall not suffice to restore them 
Whole from the burning wounds my bolts on themselves shall have 

branded; 
So shall Athene learn what it is to contend with her father : 
Hera's conduct I less resent, and reluctantly punish ; 
Her I expect my designs to thwart, for such is her custom."" 

Iris heard, and swift as the storm set forth on her errand. 
Down from the height of Ida she held her course to Olympus, (4 10 ) 
Cleft with many a deep ravine. From the gates of Olympus 



1 66 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VIII. 

Issuing, she met them, arrested their course, and delivered her 

message : 
"Whither so fasti What madness is this that hath seized on your 

spirits ? 
Zeus permits you not to afford your aid to the Grecians. 
Hear what he threatens ; — what, be assured, he will fully accomplish. 
Down from your car will he hurl you, your horses lamed and disabled, 
Rolling beneath your chariot overturned and shattered to fragments. 
Ten completed years shall not suffice to restore you 
Whole, from the burning wounds his bolts on yourselves shall have 

branded : 
So shall Athena learn what it is to contend with her father. (420) 

Hera's conduct he less resents — will reluctantly punish. 
Her he expects to thwart his plans; for such is her custom. 
As for thee however, audacious and insolent creature ! 
Dare but to raise one instant that spear of thine to oppose him — !" 

Iris thus. Her message delivered, she turned and departed. 
Hera then spake, and thus addressed she Pallas Athene: 
"Daughter of ^Egis-bearing Zeus! Now, alas! I acknowledge, 
Bootless it is to contest with him the guidance of mortals. 
Let them then perish or live, as chance may direct, or his pleasure, 
Trojans and Greeks; let him please himself and dispose, to his 

liking, (430) 

Henceforth all their fortunes and fates: 'tis his due, and he claims it." 

Thus she spake, and back to the palace the car and the coursers 
Turned. When arrived, the Horas came, a7id the horses unharnessed, 
Led them away, and bound them fast to ambrosial mangers. 
Leaving the car inclined on the polished wall of the palace. 
They meanwhile on couches of gold reclined, in th' assembly 
Mixed, once more, of the gods, subdued and saddened in spirit. 

Zeus meanwhile from Ida his bright-wheeled car and his horses 
Drove to th' Olympian height, fair seat of the blessed immortals. 
Mighty Poseidon, earth-shaking pow'r, unharnessed the coursers, (440) 
Laid on tressels the car, and a mantlet spread to protect it. 
Thundering Zeus advanced, and resumed his seat in th' assembly, 
High on his throne of gold, and Olympus trembled beneath him. 



Book. VIII.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



167 



All was hushed attention and awe, while Athena and Here 
Sate by themselves remote, nor ventured in words to address him. 
Zeus however, perceiving their thoughts, interrupted the silence : 
"Why are ye thus cast down and sad, Athena and Here? 
Sooth to say, not long have ye toiled, in glorious warfare, 
Troia's sons ye so bitterly hate to subdue and extirpate. 
Such are my might and strength, not all the Gods in Olympus, (450) 
Striving with force combined could drive me back, from my purpose: 
Well then might trembling seize on your limbs, though resplendent in 

armour, 
Ere ye but saw the fight, or dared to mix in the combat. 
Had ye gone farther, all my threats had been fully accomplished. 
Down from your chariot thunder-smitten, and scorched by my 

lightnings, 
Never again had ye seen the blest abodes of Olympus." 

Thus he spake. But Athena and Here' murmuring heard him, 
Side by side as they sate, dire woes for the Trojans devising. 
Silent Athene' sate, nor uttered her thoughts, but her bosom 
Swelled with bitter despite, and rage at the words of her father. (460) 
Not so Hera, whose wrath broke forth in angry reproaches: 
"Dread and severe Kronion! what word is this thou hast uttered? 
Well we know, and all acknowledge that none can resist thee, 
Yet must we grieve and pity the woes of the Danaan warriors, 
Helpless left to endure thy wrath, and perish before us; 
Yet we obey thy mandate and mix no more in the contest. 
Counsel, howbeit, thou wilt not, surely, forbid us to offer, 
So that they sink not all o'erwhelmed by the weight of thy vengeance." 

Thus she spake. Then Zeus the cloud-compeller responded: 
" Queen of the full-orbed eyes august ! To-morrow shall shew thee, (470) 
Shouldst thou please to behold it, a wider sweep of destruction 
Dealt by the might of thy sov'reign Lord on the hosts of Achaia. 
Nor shall fierce Hector hold his destroying hand from their slaughter, 
Till at his ships he arouse the swift-pursuing Achilles: 
Ev'n in that dreadful day when close at the sterns of their vessels, 
Struggling around Patroclus slain, in heaps they shall perish, 
(So have the fates decreed). But of thee and thy anger I reck not. 



1 68 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VIII. 

Go, if thou wilt, to the utmost bounds of earth and of ocean; 
Seek those realms where Iapetus pines in gloom, and where Kronos 
Sits uncheered by the circling sun or the breezes of heaven, (480) 

Plunged in Tartarean darkness, above, beneath, and around them. 
Thither betake thyself in thy wrathful mood, if it please thee, 
Nor shall I mourn thy loss: for in insolence none can surpass thee." 

Thus he spake: nor did white-armed Here venture an answer. 
Now had the sun his blazing torch in the ocean extinguished, 
Drawn was the darksome veil of night o'er field and o'er furrow. 
Troy with regret beheld its advance; but the Greeks with rejoicing 
Welcomed, thrice welcomed, its longed-for gloom, and the respite it 

brought them. 
Hector then collected around him the chiefs of the Trojans, 
Leading them off from the ships apart, by the eddying river, (490) 
Where undefiled the ground shewed clear, uncumbered with corses. 
Down from their cars they sprang to the earth, and listened attentive, 
While the belov'd of Zeus addressed them, holding his jav'lin, 
Cubits eleven in length. Bright gleamed the point of the weapon; 
Bronze was the blade; and with golden rings to the shaft it was 

fastened. 
Leaning on this he spake ; and thus delivered his order : 

"Hear me! ye Trojans, Dardans, and brave confederate leaders, 
Strong was my hope ev'n now to have burned the ships of the Grecians, 
Slain themselves, and return to our wind-swept Ilion city. 
Night however has stopped my career. Nought else could have 

rescued (5 00 ) 

Them, and the fleet now close at your hands on the shore of the ocean. 
Yet, while obeying the night, let us use its hours to advantage. 
Food let us now prepare, and our wearied steeds from their harness 
Loosen, and rub them down, and throw them abundance of fodder. 
Send to the city for all supplies. Let sheep and let oxen 
Speedily thence be brought. Sweet wine and the fruits of the harvest 
Each from his home procure ; and let plenty of wood be collected, 
So through the live-long night, till the glad return of the morning, 
Many a fire shall blaze, and brighten the sky with its splendour; 
Lest under cover of night these long-haired sons of Achaia (5 IQ ) 



Book VIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



Steal away, and escape o'er the broad-ridged waves of the ocean. 
Safe and unharmed however not one shall embark, but shall carry- 
Home, and at leisure digest, some lasting mark of our vengeance, 
Either a spear's rude thrust, or the rankling bite of an arrow 
Ta'en as he mounts his ship : so that all may dread for the future 
Troia's shores to invade and involve us in war and its horrors. 
Let two heralds, belov'd of Zeus, proclaim through the city 
Orders that all our beardless youth and the hoar and decrepit 
Watch this night on the lofty and God-built tow'rs that surround it. 
Let the women at home remain, in the courts of their houses, (520) 
Each maintaining a fire. Let a guard patrol round the rampart, 
Lest an attempt be made to surprise the town, undefended. 
Thus be it done, ye chiefs of Troy! And let all be effected 
Strictly according to these my words: for our safety demands it. 
This for to-night. What more may need shall be told in the morning. 
Trust we in Zeus and in all the Gods that to-morrow shall see us 
Sweep from our shores these fate-borne dogs, this scourge of our nation, 
Whom in their sable ships ill fate hath borne to our country. 
During the night let a careful watch through our lines be established ; 
And the first glimpse of dawn must find all armed for the combat, (530) 
Ready to carry the war to the hollow ships- of the Grecians. 
Then shall we see whether Tydeus' son, renown'd Diomedes, 
Back to our walls shall drive me, or pierced, himself by my jav'lin 
Fall, and his bloody spoils become the prey of the victor. 
Brave indeed must he be, and proof will he give of his valour, 
If he withstand that spear in to-morrow's fight; with the foremost 
Destined to perish; with many a comrade slaughtered around him. 
This shall the rising sun behold. Oh! would that a prospect 
Bright of immortal life and endless youth, and of honours, 
Such as men pay to Pallas or Phoebus self, were avouched me, (540) 
Half so sure as my trust that to-morrow shall witness our triumph." 

Thus did Hector harangue, and the Trojans shouted approval. 
Then did the horsemen unyoke their sweating steeds from their 

chariots, 
Keeping them each however attached to his car by a halter. 
Quickly they brought from the city supplies of sheep and of oxen ; 



170 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book VIII. 

Honey-sweet wine and strengthening bread from the stores in their 

houses 
All procured; and abundant wood for fires they collected. 
Then to the gods above were perfect hecatombs offered. 
[Sweet was the savour that rose, by the breezes wafted to heaven, 
Wafted aloft in vain; for it reached not the blessed immortals ; (550) 
Won from them no good will ; for Ilion's city they hated ; 
Priam and all his people alike they held in abhorrence.] 

All night long with elated hearts in the lines of their battle 
Rested the Trojans, and many a fire blazed brightly among them. 
As when around the glowing moon resplendent in aether 
Shines forth the heav'nly host, and the air reposes in stillness, 
Gleams ev'ry pointed rock ; stands forth each buttress in prospect ; 
Shimmers each woodland vale; and from realms of unspeakable glory 
Op'ning, the stars are revealed; and the heart of the shepherd rejoices: 
Such, and so many the fires, by the Trojans kindled, illumined (560) 
Eddying Xanthus' stream, and the ships, and the walls of the city. 
Each of a thousand blazing piles saw seated around it 
Fifty warriors of Troy, enjoying its warmth and its splendour: 
While beside them their steeds, on white spelt feeding, and barley, 
Each to his chariot shackled, awaited the coming of morning. 



THE ILIAD 



BOOK IX. 



BOOK THE NINTH. 



Argument. 



Agamemnon, overwhelmed with grief at the defeat of the Greeks, calls 
a general assembly j at which, however, Nestor advises a more private 
council of the leaders, a strong guard being first placed outside the wall. 
They meet accordingly in Agamemnon 's tent; when, after a banquet, it is 
agreed to send a deputation to Achilles with handsome offers on the part 
of Agamemnon (including the restoration of Briseis) to induce him to a 
reconciliation. Odysseus, Phoenix, and Aias accordingly p?'oceed on this 
mission. Their interview with Achilles is related. It proves fruitless. 
Odysseus a?id Aias retumi?ig report its failure. Diomede counsels the 
renewal of the battle with the earliest break of day. 






ILIAD. BOOK IX. 



PHUS through the night did the Trojans watch. Meanwhile the 
Achaians 
Panic had seized. Chill Terror, companion of Flight, had possess'd 

them ; 
While unendurable grief o'erpow'r'd the souls of their leaders. 
As when contending winds from the Thracian shore on the ocean, 
Boreas and Zephyr, together rush: black swells, at their impulse, 
Sudden and fierce, the surging wave, and a tangle of seaweed, 
Torn from its fishy depths, floats. waste and wide on the billows: 
Thus by perplexing thoughts was each Grecian bosom distracted. 
Pierced to his inmost heart with grief and shame, Agamemnon 
Now commanded the clear-voiced heralds to summon the people, (10) 
(Yet without shouting or noise) to meet in a gen'ral assembly, 
Calling on each by name : and himself took the lead in their labours. 
Downcast and sad th' assembly met. Then arose Agamemnon. 
Tears from his eyes flowed fast, like some black fountain, whose 

waters 
Trickle in shadow and gloom down a dark-browed cliff in the desert. 
Heaving a long-drawn sigh then thus he addressed the assembly : 
"Friends, and leaders of Greece! ye princes and chiefs of the 

people ! 
Zeus hath entangled me sore in the toils of his hearty displeasure. 
Cruel ! for did he not promise, and nod from his throne to confirm it, 
Ilion's tow'rs to uproot, and restore me in triumph to Argos? (20) 



174 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IX. 

'Twas but a planned and bitter deceit : for now he commands me 
Home to return inglorious, and mourn o'er the loss of my comrades. 
Such is his sov'reign will irresistible; who, when it pleased him, 
Manya proud city's lofty defences hath humbled already, 
Manya one yet will humble, for uncontrolled is his power. 
Now let us acl at once. Attend my words, and obey me. 
Hence let us fry in our ships to the dear-loved land of our fathers ; 
Never shall Troy's wide streets by our conquering forces be entered." 

Thus spoke the king. No word was heard in reply : but in silence 
Long they sate, nor cared to respond, for their hearts were em- 
bittered. (30) 
Silence at length Diomedes broke, and addressed Agamemnon: 

"Such wild counsel, Atreides, befits not thee, as our sovereign. 
Here am I free to oppose it; nor let such freedom offend thee. 
Late, before all the Greeks, didst thou disparage my valour, 
Calling me feeble, unwarlike. The taunt was publicly spoken. 
Every man, both old and young, can remember the insult. 
Hear me now. Unto thee the son of mysterious Kronos, 
Granting, and yet withholding, hath giv'n dominion and worship : 
Valour, the greatest strength, and the root of pow'r, hath denied thee. 
And dost thou really believe that the stalwart sons of Achaia, (40) 
Courage and honour forgetting, will act as thy madness advises? 
Go thyself, if such be thy mind! Return to thy country. 
There are thy ships. Nought bars the way. They are ready for 

launching 
Close to- the sea; — each vessel that followed thee here from Mycenae. 
All the rest of the long-tressed Greeks, still true to their purpose, 
Here will remain, and will capture Troy. And if all should forsake us, 
All should fly with thee to the dear-lov'd land of their fathers, 
Sthenelus still and myself will fight it out, until Ilion 
Fairly be brought to her end: for in God's own might came we 
hither." 

Thus he spake. Then shouted aloud the sons of Achaia, (50) 
List'ning with wonder and joy to the words of brave Diomedes. 
Nestor then, the Gerenian horseman, rose, and addressed him : 
"Tydeus' son! thou bravest by far of our host in the combat, 



Book IX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 175 

And. of thine equals in years, our most distinguished in council, 
None of the Greeks thy words will censure, or call them in question. 
Though thou hast left unspoken the one chief point of the matter. 
Young as thou art (for my youngest sons in years would surpass thee), 
Yet hast thou brought, both ably and well, to the ears of our princes 
Much that concerns them to hear: for in justice and truth hast thou 

spoken. 
I, as so much thy senior, will enter at large on the subject, (60) 
Uttering the thought thou hast left unsaid ; and hardly will any 
Lightly regard my Avords : not ev'n our prince, Agamemnon. 
Hated, cut off from kindred, laws, and home, is the monster ^ 
He who delights in the horrors of civil strife and disunion. 
Xow however to night's dark pow'r let us yield, and apportion 
Every man a plenteous meal. Let a guard be appointed, 
Camping within the trench, but beyond the line of our rampart. 
This, their charge, to our youth I commend. But do thou, 

Agamemnon, 
Taking the lead as supreme in command, assemble the elders, 
As to a splendid feast, in thy tents, one worthy thy station. (70) 
Plenty of wine hast thou there in store, which the ships of Achaia 
Day by day from the Thracian shore transport to supply thee. 
Ev'ry appliance is thine, and all will attend on their sov'reign. 
Then let the chiefs consult, and of all the counsel they offer, 
Choose thou the wisest and best. Good need hath Greece of 

suggestions, 
Prudent at once and bold, when the fires of the Trojans around us 
Blaze so fearfully near: a sight unused and unwelcome ! 
And on this night's decision depends the fate of our army." 

Thus he spake. All heard with attention and ready compliance. 
Forth then issued the guard, well armed and equipped, to their 

station : (80) 

These Thrasymedes led, the shepherd and guide of his people; 
Those Ascalaphus brave and Ialmenus, offspring of Ares; 
Great Meriones some, Aphareus and Deipyrus others; 
Others the royal Creion's son, divine Lycomedes. 
Sev'n were the chiefs of the guard, and a chosen band of a hundred 



76 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IX. 



Followed each chief; and sharp and long were the spears that they 

carried. 
Soon they reached the space betwixt the trench and the rampart; 
There they kindled their fires, each man for his supper preparing. 

Atreus' son, meanwhile, the sagest chiefs of the Grecians 
All in his tent convened, where a strength'ning meal was provided. (90) 
Each man, laying his hand on the plenteous viands before him, 
Hunger and thirst in haste appeased; then betook them to counsel. 
Nestor then, whose advice had been first approved in th' assembly, 
Thus introduced, in courteous words, his intended proposal, 
Wisely and kindly counselling all ; and addressed Agamemnon : 

"Atreus' son, most glorious, thou king of men, Agamemnon, 
All that I have to say will refer to thyself, the beginning, 
Ev'n as the end of my theme. Great Zeus hath giv'n thee dominion 
Over the nations, and made thee the source of justice and counsel; 
Thee it becomes not alone to speak thy mind, but attentive (100) 
Hear the advice of others, and weighing it well in thy judgment, 
Use it, if good. The advice is theirs, but thine is the action. 
Therefore I speak, and declare what I deem the best and the wisest. 
None will offer thee juster advice, or propound an opinion 
Better than mine. Unchanged I hold it now, as I held it 
Then, when, in pride of thy lofty descent, thou anger'dst Achilles, 
Tearing away from his tent his prize, the damsel Briseis, 
Much against my advice, for much I urged to dissuade thee. 
Carried away by thy haughty spirit, our bravest of heroes, 
One whom the Gods delight to honour, thus didst thou outrage, (no) 
And even yet detain'st his prize. Consider we therefore 
If we may yet succeed in appeasing his wrath by entreaty, 
Costly and pleasing gifts, or soothing words of persuasion." 

Promptly thus the king of men, Agamemnon responded : 
"Nestor! the fault of thy prince thou hast all too truly related. 
Much have I erred. I admit it myself. That man must be reckoned 
Equal to hosts in himself whom Zeus so loves and avenges, 
Honours in our distress and wreaks such wrath on the Grecians. 
Erring, however, I fain would retract. Misled by my temper, (119) 
Now would I make amends and with costly presents appease him. 



Book IX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 177 

Therefore, in presence of all will I name the gifts I shall offer, 
Sev'n fair tripods untouch'd by lire; of gold ten talents; 
Twenty refulgent vases ; and twelve strong coursers, in races 
Ever victorious, who many a prize have won by their neetness. 
Xo poor man would he be, ungifted with worldly possessions, 
Badly provided with precious gold, who could boast him of prizes 
Such as those noble steeds have won for me by their running. 
Sev'n fair Lesbian maids will I give, accomplished in all things, 
Beauteous beyond the common lot of their sex or their nation, 
Whom for my own I chose when Lesbos fell to his prowess. (130) 
These will I give; and with them restore the cause of our quarrel, 
Her whom I took, Briseis herself. And this I declare too, 
This with a solemn oath I swear, that pure and unspotted, 
Stainless from love of mine, to her former lord I return her. 
This shall be done at once : but whene'er it shall please the 

immortals 
Into our hands to deliver the mighty city of Priam, 
Then let him load his ships with gold and brass : let him enter 
Victor, and claim his share when the Greeks the spoil are dividing. 
Let him select for himself from among the captives of Troia 
Twenty, who yield to none but to Argive Helen in beauty. (140) 
Argos attained, that central source of wealth to Achaia, 
Him for my son-in-law will I take, not less than Orestes 
Honoured, my much-lov'd son there nurtured in wealth and abund- 
ance. 
Three fair daughters are mine, in the gorgeous halls of my palace 
Blooming — Laodice, Clrrysbthemis, Iphianassa : 
One let him wed, whiche'er he shall choose, and home to his father 
Lead her. I ask no dower from him: but richly on my part 
Dow'r will confer, such as no man hath e'er bestowed on a daughter. 
Sev'n fair towns shall be his; walled cities, ample and wealthy, 
Enope, Cardamylos, Ire, surrounded with pastures, ( I 5°) 

Pherse's holy walls, and the rich deep-swarded Antheia, 
Fair iEpeia, and Pedasus, widely famed for its vineyards, 
All of them near the sea, on the sandy confines of Pylos, 
Held by a race with flocks and cattle richly provided, 



178 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IX. 

Who like a god their king still honour with gifts and with offerings, 
Yielding an ample revenue, and bending low to his sceptre. 
All in good faith will I give: let him only desist from his anger. 
Then let him yield to persuasion. The Pow'r of implacable Hades 
Mortals, alone of the Gods, detest ; the stern, the unbending. 
Me may he meetly obey; for higher I rank as a sov'reign, (160) 
Older too, and entitled to claim respect as his senior." 

Nestor then, the Gerenian knight, responding, addressed him: 
"Atreus' son, most glorious! thou king of men, Agamemnon! 
Gifts well worthy a prince dost thou offer to royal Achilles. 
Haste then. Choose we at once some chiefs of rank who thy message 
Fitly may bear, and with due respett, to the tent of Achilles. 
Come! It were better I name them myself. Let them go at my 

bidding. 
Phoenix, belov'd of Zeus, be the first. Let him lead, as the elder: 
Aias the greater then, and with these the godlike Odysseus, 
Hodius next, and Eurybates follow, in train, as their heralds. (170) 
Now bring water, our hands to lave. From words of ill omen 
All abstain. And to Zeus supreme let us pray that he spare us." 

Thus he spake, and all approved the counsel he offered. 
Forthwith on all their hands was water poured by the heralds. 
Filled to the brim with wine then flagons were brought by th' 

attendants, 
Which into goblets poured they handed round to the chieftains. 
Each his libation made to the Gods; then drank, and departed 
One by one from the tent of Atreus' son, Agamemnon. 
Many a caution that ancient knight, Gerenian Nestor, 
Both by his looks and words conveyed to the three; (to Odysseus (180) 
Chiefly) how they might best persuade the noble Achilles. 
Shaping their course by the loud-resounding shore of the ocean. 
Much they prayed to the Pow'r who shakes the wide earth he 

encircles 
Words to inspire, which might bend the angry resolve of Peleides. 

Now to the tents of the Myrmidon host they came, and their 
gallies. 
There Achilles they found, with the harp's harmonious numbers 



Book IX.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



79 



Soothing his angry soul. (The lyre was mounted in silver 
Richly wrought, which he won in the spoil of Eetion's city.) 
Warmed with the thoughts of their glory, he sang the achievements 

of heroes. 
Opposite sate Patroclus alone, who listened in silence, ( I 9°) 

Following the strain, and awaiting his friend's commands on its ending. 
Nearer now they approached, divine Odysseus preceding, 
And in his presence stood. Surprised, up started Achilles, 
Holding the lyre in his hand, from the seat where late he was sitting. 
Up sprang Patroclus too, when he saw the Princes advancing. 
Cordially taking their hands, then thus Achilles addressed them: 
"Welcome, my friends! for as friends ye come; on some pressing 

occasion 
Doubtless; belov'd the best among all the Greeks who have wronged 

me." 
Thus having said, to the tent he led them onward and placed them 
Seated on couches with tapestry spread and carpets of purple. (200) 
Then, to Patroclus turning, who near them stood, he addressed him : 
"Son of Menoetius! bring forth a larger bowl: and produce us 
Purer and richer wine; and for each be a goblet provided. 
Friends most honour'd and lov'd beneath my roof are assembled." 
Thus he spake, and Patroclus obeyed the words of his comrade. 
He meanwhile by the fire had placed a dish, and upon it 
Side by side had laid the chines of a sheep and a he-goat, 
Adding a flitch all streaked with fat from the side of a porket. 
This Automedon held, while Achilles cut them in portions, 
Skilfully parting the joints, and stuck them on spits to be roasted. (210) 
Godlike Menoetius' son then fed the fire, and it blazed forth 
Brightly and high. When the flames at length grew languid, and 

faded, 
Spreading the embers abroad, the spits he supported above them, 
Sprinkling the flesh with sacred salt, as they turned on the sockets. 
Soon as the meat was dressed, on plates it was laid; and Patroclus 
Brought forth bread from his store, and in baskets fair on the table 
Placed it. Achilles himself to his guests presented their portions; 
Then took seat at the board in front of godlike Odysseus, 



12- 



180 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IX. 

Close to the tent's opposing wall; and signed to Patroclus 
Offering due to the Gods to make. This he cast on the embers. (220) 
Each then laid his hand on the plenteous viands before him. 
Now when hunger and thirst were appeased and the meal was 

concluded, 
Aias nodded to Phoenix. Odysseus, the signal observing, 
Filled forth a goblet of mighty wine, thus pledging Achilles : 
"Health to thee, noble Achilles! Good cheer hast thou amply 

provided. 
Never within thy tents, nor in those of royal Atreides, 
Priiicely 7-eceptio?i fails, nor lacks there abundance and welcome. 
Matter however more grave than feasts now claims our attention. 
Over our host, O belov'd of Zeus! a heavy disaster 
Visibly hangs: and the question — to save our fleet or to lose it — 
Only on thee depends: Wilt thou gird up thy strength to assist 

us? (231) 

Close to our ships and rampart wall encamped are the Trojans, 
Fierce, exulting, and all their allies far summoned to aid them. 
All around through their host their watch-fires blaze ; and they threaten 
Not to desist till on board our ships pell-mell they have chased us. 
Zeus with fav'ring signs and with heav'n-sent lightning assists them. 
Hector, grim with fury, comes on in his might and his valour, 
Men nor Gods he regards in the headlong rage which has seized him. 
Zeus for his friend he boasts and sets all else at defiance. 
Eagerly longing he prays for dawn, when he trusts to destroy us, (240) 
Carry away in triumph the lofty prows of our vessels, 
Burn our ships with fire, and ourselves, o'erwhelm'd and confounded, 
Blinded with eddying smoke and involving flame, to extirpate. 
These are no empty threats : and sore is our dread lest th' immortals 
Bring them to pass, and by fate's decree our armies should perish, 
Leaving their bones on Troia's shore, afar from their country. 
Up then! though late; thou canst, if thou wilt; and save the Achaians, 
Fainting and sore distressed, from the whelming rush of the Trojans. 
Think of it well: for bitter will be thy grief and repentance 
When the disaster has fall'n, irreversible, fatal. Bethink thee (250) 
Yet thou hast time to avert the evil day from the Grecians. 






Book IX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 181 



Oh! my friend! remember the counsel Peleus thy father 
Gave thee when first from Phthia to join Agamemnon he sent thee. 
* Hear me, my son!' he said, 'with valour Athena and Here, 
Richly, if such be their will, may endow thee. Be thine, in thy 

bosom, 
Haughty and violent thoughts to restrain. Be kindly and gentle, 
Cease from contention, and baneful strife eschew ; and the Grecians 
Old and young will acknowledge thy worth, and learn to respect 

thee.' 
Such was thy father's counsel: forgotten, alas! Be entreated! 
Cease from the rage which gnaws thy heart! On his part Aga- 
memnon (260) 
Deeply repents, and will gladly appease thy wrath by concessions. 
Noble gifts — if I might — wilt thou hear me out? — has he offered: 
These, in his tent which but now we left, he promised to give thee : 
Sev'n fair tripods untouched by fire; of gold ten talents; 
Twenty refulgent vases ; and twelve strong coursers, in races 
Ever victorious, who many a prize have won by their fleetness. 
No poor man would he be, ungifted with worldly possessions, 
Badly provided with precious gold, who could boast him of prizes 
Such as those noble steeds have won for our King by their running. 
Sev'n fair Lesbian maids will he give, accomplished in all things, (270) 
Beauteous beyond the common lot of their sex or their nation, 
Whom for his own he chose, when Lesbos fell to thy prowess, 
These will he give; and with them restore the canse of your quarrel, 
Her whom he took, Briseis herself. And this he declares too, 
This with a solemn oath doth he swear, that pure and unspotted, 
Stainless from touch of his, to her former lord he restores her. 
This shall be done at once : but whene'er it shall please the immortals 
Into our hands to deliver the mighty city of Ilion, 
Then, shalt thou load thy ships with gold and with brass: thou shalt 

enter - 
Viclor, and claim thy share when the Greeks the spoil are divi- 
ding. (280) 
Then shalt thou choose for thyself from among the captives of Troia 
Twenty, who yield to none but to Argive Helen in beauty. 



1 82 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IX. 

Argos attained, that central source of wealth to Achaia, 

Thee for his son-in-law will he take, not less than Orestes 

Honoured, his much-lov'd son, there nurtured in wealth and abundance. 

Three are his daughters fair, in the gorgeous halls of his palace 

Blooming — Laodice, Chrysbthemis, Iphianassa : 

One shalt thou wed, whiche'er thou shalt choose, and home to thy 

father 
Lead her. He asks from thee no dower; but richly on his part 
Dow'r will confer, such as none before hath bestowed on a 
daughter. ( 2 9°) 

Sev'n fair towns shall be thine ; walled cities, ample and wealthy; 
Enope, Cardamylos, Ire' surrounded with pastures, 
Pherae's holy walls, and the rich deep-swarded Antheia, 
Fair ^Epeia, and Pedasus widely famed for its vineyards. 
All of them near the sea on the sandy confines of Pylos, 
Held by a race with flocks and cattle richly provided, 
Who like a God their King still honour with gifts and with off 'rings, 
Yielding an ample revenue and bending low to his sceptre. 
All in good faith will he give. Do thou only desist from thine anger. 
But should Atreides himself and the princely gifts which he offers (300) 
Hateful alike to thy soul appear, yet pity the Grecians, 
Harassed through all their ranks, who like a God will revere thee; 
While, for thyself, undying fame shall reward thy compliance. 
Hector himself thou mayst slay, for close to thy tents he approaches, 
Filled with destroying rage, and boasting aloud that amongst us 
None may be found, of all who to Ilion came, who can meet him." 

Thus making answer, replied the swift-pursuing Achilles : 
"Jove-descended son of Laertes, inventive Odysseus! 
Me it behoves at once to declare and frankly to tell thee 
That which my thoughts suggest, and my deeds will surely ac- 
complish, (3 10 ) 
So that ye sit not, like cooing doves, one echoing the other. 
Hateful the man to my soul — as the gates of Hell I detest him — ■ 
Who in his heart can one thing hide and another can utter. 
Thus then I tell thee what best I hold — what course I resolve o?i : 
Nor will Atreides himself persuade me to alter my conduct, 



Book IX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 183 



Nor will the rest of the Greeks. A thankless task have I found it, 
Ever to struggle, and wage unceasing war with their foemen. 
One is the lot of the laggard and his who valiantly combats; 
Coward and brave alike are honoured, alike are rewarded. (319) 
They who have wrought great deeds, or none, die alike unregarded. 
What have I gathered for all my toils, my hardships, and sufferings, 
Squand'ring my strength and my life away in perpetual conflict ? 
Just as a bird brings morsels of food to her featherless nestlings, 
Sought and procured with pain, herself abstaining and hungry, 
So have I watched full many a wearisome night and a sleepless, 
Many a bloody day have passed in desperate combat, 
Slaying the men, and leading away the women as captives. 
Populous cities twelve, invaded by sea, have I taken; 
Fighting on foot upon Troia's soil have I captured eleven. 
Vast was the spoil, and many and rich the treasures they yielded, (330) 
Nought for myself I retained. All went to enrich Agamemnon, 
Atreus' son. And he, meanwhile, at his ease and inaclive 
Sate by the ships; receiving much, distributing little. 
Prizes indeed to the princes and chiefs of our host has he granted; 
These they retain entire. From me alone of the Grecians 
Forced he my prize away — my beauteous bride — my belov'd one, 
Her let him keep and enjoy. Why then do the Greeks and the 

Trojans 
Meet in such deadly feud? Why led he his armies to Ilion? 
Was it not all to avenge the fair-haired Helena's capture? 
What? Does he think that Atreus' sons alone among mortals (340) 
Love their wives? Does not every man who deserves to be called so 
Love and protect his own? I too my spouse, my Briseis, 
Loved from my soul : and not the less as the prize of my valour. 
Now that I know him well, as the man who has robbed and betrayed 

me, 
Let him not tempt me again, or think to repeat his deception. 
Thee let him summon, Odysseus ! and all his kings, and in council 
Gravely debate how best from the flames his navy to rescue. 
Mighty and vast are the works which without my help he has 

finished ! 



1 84 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IX. 

Hath he not built him a rampart wall, and a trench dug around it, 
Broad and profound, with strong palisadesyfr;;? planted within it? (350) 
Wond'rous works! But to turn the assault of death-dealing He 61 or, 
All too weak. No need of a wall when I marched with the Grecians. 
Hector then hardly ventured beyond his own: and to combat 
Rarely so far as the Scaean gate and the Beech could be tempted. 
Once he waited my single assault, and scarce he escaped it. 
Now against Hector I fight no more. To-morrow shall find me, 
Each due rite unto Zeus being paid, and the other immortals, 
Loading my ships. And once pushed off from shore, thou shalt see 

them 
(If thou delight in a sight like this, and choose to behold it) 
Ploughing the Hellespont's wave in the morning light, and the 

rowers (360) 

Manfully urging them on with right good will through the waters. 
And, if the great earth-shaking God but prosper our voyage, 
Phthia's rich coasts, ere the third day's close, shall greet our arrival. 
There have I wealth which wand'ring hither I madly relinquished; 
Hence shall I bear good store of spoil, my appointed allotment, 
Gold, and the bright red bronze, and gleaming steel in abundance, 
Nor will fair dames be wanting. But her, my prize, whom I valued, 
He who bestowed her, Atreus' son, with insolent menace 
Tore from my arms. Go! tell him this: aye, publickly tell him 
All that I say; that the Greeks may hear it all, and indignant (370) 
Listen, if e'er henceforth with his gloze he seek to beguile them, 
Wrapped up in insolence now as ever. Ne'er let him venture, 
Dog-like of front as he is, in my face to look. For the future 
All communion with him I abjure, all concert in action. 
Once deceived, once outraged, no more he beguiles or insults me. 
Lei it content him. Once for him is enough. And inglorious 
On let him go to perdition; for Zeus hath deprived him of reason. 
As for his gifts — I hate them; and as for himself I despise him. 
Not should he offer ten-fold, — twenty-fold, — all his possessions, 
All that he has and more, whate'er he can gather from others; (380) 
All Orchomenos' wealth, and all the treasures of Egypt 
Piled up in Thebae's stately domes in boundless profusion; 



Book IX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



(Thebae boasting her hundred gates, who from each of them sends 

forth 
Twice their number of warriors bold, their horses and chariots:) 
Gifts like the sand of the sea or the dust of the plain should he proffer, 
All were in vain. Tis not by gifts Agamemnon can move me. 
First must I cease to feel the rankling sting of his insult. 
Daughter of his will I never wed; were she ever so lovely. 
Could she, in feature and form, contend with bright Aphrodite; 
Vied she, in every female work, with blue-eyed Athena; (390) 

Such were no bride for me. Let him choose some other Achaian, 
Some one more like himself; some loftier prince than Achilles. 
For, if the Gods preserve me my country and home to revisit, 
Peleus my father himself will provide me a suitable marriage. 
Many a?id fair are the Grecian maids of Hellas and Phthia, 
Daughters of noble chiefs, who rule our states a?id defend them: 
Choosing from these, I shall find me a wife to love and to cherish. 
Oft has the better spirit within me longed for an union 
Equal and well consorted; and, home returned, to inherit 
Ancient Peleus' rich domain, and in peace to enjoy it. (400) 

What were worth in exchange for life the treasures that Ilion, 
That fair city, in times of peace, ere Achaia besieged it, 
Held, as men say, stored up ; a tempting prey to the spoiler ? 
What the wealth which the sacred gates of Apollo the Archer 
Guard, in the marble shrine of his rock-built Pythian temple? 
Cattle and fatted sheep may be won by fighting and plunder; 
Tripods, vases, and steeds whose brown manes float o?i the breezes; 
But, once passed from his lips can no man's life be recovered, 
Won as a prize, or snatched as a prey; for back it returns not. 
Thetis the silver-footed, my Goddess mother, predicted (4 IQ ) 

Two careers for her son through life to the death that awaits him. 
Here if, remaining, I wage persisting war against Ilion, 
Lost is the hope of return, but immortal glory awaits me. 
But if I quit these wars and back return to my country, 
Glory and fame I resign ; and, instead, my days shall be lengthened 
Onward, far into time, and death be slow in approaching. 
This, to the rest of the Greeks, is the best advice I can offer: 



1 86 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IX. 

Homeward at once to sail: for in vain ye hope to accomplish 
Lofty Dion's fall: since thundering Zeus o'er the city 
Stretches his guardian hand, and her sons fresh courage have 
gathered. (4 2 °) 

Therefore depart, and repeat to th' assembled chiefs of Achaia 
These my words — for such is your honoured office, as elders. 
Bid them devise some better plan, in the depth of their wisdom 
How in their hollow ships to secure the retreat of the army 
And of themselves. For this, ye perceive, but ill hath succeeded: 
Since, my wrath unappeased, ye return, having failed to persuade me. 
Here however let Phoenix stay, and repose till the morrow; 
Then return with me to the dear-lov'd land of our fathers, 
If he desire to go: for nought will I do to compel him." 

Thus did Achilles speak. But the Princes heard him in silence, (430) 
Much disturbed at his words : for he spake with vehement passion. 
Phoenix at length the silence broke, and thus he addressed him, 
Weeping the while : for much he feared for the ships of the Grecians : 

"Such if indeed be thy fixed resolve^ most mighty Achilles, 
Home to return, nor make one effort to rescue our vessels 
From the consuming flames, such deep resentment indulging, 
How can I e'er, my son! remain behind and forsake thee? 
Thee did thy aged sire to my care confide, when he sent thee 
Forth from Phthia to join Agamemnon's beleaguering forces, 
Young, untried in the wars, where men with men are confronted, (440) 
New to the councils where leaders win renown by their wisdom. 
Mine was the charge to instruct thee in all, and rear thee to glory, 
Sharpen thy skill in debate, and to warlike hardship inure thee. 
Therefore, my son, whate'er befal, will I follow thy fortunes, 
Nor would be left behind, should e'en some god, of his bounty, 
Offer to chase away old age, and restore me to vigour 
Such as was mine, when I fled from Hellas, the land of the lovely, 
Dreading the wrath of my father Amyntor, Ormenus' offspring. 
He to his marriage vows untrue, — to my mother's dishonour, (449) 
Loved to distraclion a fair-hair'd stranger. And thus was enkindled 
Furious wrath at myself: for my mother unceasingly urged me, 
Clasping my knees, to supplant him in that fair stranger's affection, 



Book IX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 187 

Making her hate him. This at her word I did. And my father, 
Soon as he knew it, cursed aloud, and called on the Furies, 
Praying that son of mine might ne'er arise from our union 
Upon his knees to sit. And this the gods have accomplished, 
Zeus, the infernal, and dread Persephone, sovereigns of Orcus. 
Fierce then arose within me the thought to murder my father. 
This however some god suppressed, and timely suggested 
All that a parricide's name recals to the mind of a Grecian, (460) 
All the reproach I should have to bear, and the hate of the people. 
Yet could my soul no longer endure the thought, for the future 
Under the ba?i of my father's wrath, in his palace to linger. 
Vainly did many a friend and relation gather around me, 
Praying me not to depart, and bent on defeating my purpose. 
Many a well-fed sheep they consumed, and heavy-hoofed oxen 
Slaughtered, while mighty boars with fat rich laden and blooming 
Swaled, upon spits outstretched o'er the flames kept blazing beneath 

them. 
Vast were the floods of wine from the old king's vats they extracted. 
Thus, nine days they ate, they drank, they slept round my chamber, 
Keeping alternate guard : nor once were their watch-fires extinguished. 
One blazed bright in the porch of the well-fenced hall, and another 
Constantly burned in the court before the doors of my chamber. 
But when the tenth dark night had fallen, I seized an occasion, 
Bounded forth, having burst the fast-locked doors of my chamber, 
Easily sprang o'er the fence which enclosed the court, and eluding 
Guards, and female domestics, rejoiced once more in my freedom. 
Thus escaping, I fled through all the wide region of Hellas, 
And unto Phthia coming, fair mother of flocks and of harvests, 
Threw myself on the grace of Peleus the king. He received me (480) 
Kindly, and loved me well, with such tender love as a father 
Bears to the only son of his age, the heir of his riches. 
Wealth he amply bestowed, and made me a ruler o'er many, 
All the Dolopian race who inhabit the outskirts of Phthia. 
Thee have I made the hero thou art, most godlike Achilles! 
Dearly I loved thee, and thou couldst endure no other companion, 
Go with none else to feasts, nor take thy meals in the palace 



i88 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book IX. 



Till on my knees I had placed thee, and cut thy meat into morsels, 
Feeding thee with it myself; to thy lips applying the wine cup, 
Which sometimes in thy petulant moods thou wouldst spill o'er my 

mantle, (49°) 

Dashing it back in my bosom, in play, or childish impatience. 
Thus then, much from thee have I borne, and much have I laboured, 
Looking to this — that as sons of my own the Gods had denied me, 
Thee might I make my son, O divine and mighty Achilles! 
All my toils by thy worth to repay, and in age to protect me. 
Wherefore, my son ! subdue this inordinate rage. To be cruel 
Adds no grace to a hero's renown. Be advised, and remember, 
Even the gods who excel thee in virtue, in strength, and in glory, 
Yield to the suasive voice of prayer, and turn from their a?iger. 
Them can a mortal man who hath sinned, or erred in his duty, (500) 
Bend, in their sternest mood, by hecatombs slain, or by incense, [500] 
Vows in repentance paid, and the savoury steams of the altar. 
Prayers are the daughters of mighty Zeus. Their aspect is haggard, 
Wrinkled they are, and lame, and their eyes look askance from their 

object, 
Careful and slow they follow on Ate's steps at a distance. 
Ate is hale and robust, and sound of limb, and outstrips them. 
First she arrives in every land, intent upon mischief, 
Woes inflicting on men; while these come after to heal them. 
Whoso reveres these daughters of Zeus and welcomes their coming 
Him do they hear, entreating their aid, and gladly assist him; (510) 
But if he turn him away, and refuse their kind intervention, [510] 
Zeus they entreat that he join him with Ate in league, and in 

vengeance 
Follow him up, and wrong repay with bitter requital. 
Wherefore, Achilles! honour these daughters of Zeus, and accept 

them, 
Ev'n as the great and the brave in all time have giv'n thee example. 
Had not Atreides proffered thee gifts, and others in future 
Promised, but still went on in his course of injustice and insult, 
Ne'er would I wish to persuade thee to quit thy wrath, and the 

Grecians 



Book IX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 1S9 

Rescue, howe'er distrest. But now that he otters so nobly, [51S] 
Now that he sends our bravest chiefs, the first in thy friendship, (520) 
(Chosen, as such, from among the Greeks) to beseech and entreat 

thee, 
Thus making ei' ry advance: O! reject not the message they bear thee ! 
Make not their mission vain! how just soe'er were thine anger. 
All those heroes of ancient renown whose praises have reached us, 
Most illustrious, howe'er provoked, whatever their anger, 
Suffered themselves to be moved by gifts and earnest entreaties. 
Much to the point is an ancient tale which well I remember. 
Thus it runs. (Your attention my friends I claim to the story). 
Once the Curetes fought with the brave ^Etolian warriors 
Calydons walls around ; and great was the slaughter on both 

sides. (530) 

Stoutly stood th' JEtolians in arms in defence of the city, 
While the Curetes strove on their part to take and destroy it. 
Artemis' wrath had embroiled them, and sown the seeds of contention, 
For that ..Eneus the first fair fruits had neglected to offer 
Of that delicious land. While all the other immortals 
Hecatombs due received, Jove's daughter alone was omitted; 
Either forgotten or lightly esteemed. But he lived to repent it. 
Angry at such neglect of her shrine, the dart-dealing goddess 
Sent forth a mighty boar, white-tusked and fierce, to devastate 
iEneus' fields, and wild was the havoc the monster committed. (540) 
Heaps upon heaps he tore up trees by their roots, and their blossoms 
Rich with the promise of fruit on earth lay scattered around them. 
Him Meleager slew, brave son of magnanimous _Eneus, 
Gath'ring together huntsmen and dogs from the neighbouring cities. 
Xo small number sufficed to subdue so dreadful a monster, 
Who to his funeral pile had sent full many a hunter. 
Then for the head of the boar and his bristly skin, did the Goddess 
Raise up a might} - tumult, a fierce and deadly contention 
'Twixt the Curetes bold and the proud JEtolian warriors. 
While Meleager, renowned in arms, took part in the conflict (550) 
111 the Curetes fared; nor around the walls of the city 
Could they maintain their ground, though brave and many in number. 



190 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IX. 

Wrath however, like that which sometimes seizes the wisest, 
Rankling within their souls, Meleager conceived, and his anger 
Kindled against his mother Althaea. Moody and reckless 
Home he withdrew and inactive remained with his wife Cleopatra, 
Daughter of fair Marpessa, the beauteous-footed descendant 
Both of Evenus and Idas the mighty, bravest of mortals, 
Such as in those days were (for he feared not Phoebus Apollo, 
Drawing his bow on the God, in defence of his beauteous con- 
sort). (560) 
Her in their own domestic circle addressing, her parents 
Oft Alcyone called, rememb'ring the time when her mother 
Moaning recalled the Halcyon's hapless fate as Apollo 
Forcefully tore her away : and the name remained to their daughter. 
Thus with his wife in angry retirement sate Meleager, 
Wroth at his mother's curses: who, seized with a transport of frenzy, 
Vengeance invoked on his head from the Gods, for the death of her 

brethren. 
Oft and long, on her knees, while the tears rolled fast down her 

bosom, 
Beat she the earth with her hands, and called on the dwellers be7ieath it, 
Hades the gloomy, and dread Persephone, sov'reigns of Orcus, (570) 
Praying the death of her son. And the Furies from Erebus heard her, 
Dire and implacable pow'rs, who walk in terror and darkness. 
Now round Calydon's gates the tumult thickened. The ramparts 
Shook with the thund'ring assault. Then all the ^Etolian elders 
Came, beseeching, and chosen priests of the Gods were deputed 
Forth to the rescue to call him : and great were the gifts that they 

offered. 
In the most fruitful part of Calydon's region they bid him 
Fifty acres, enclosed, select, the best and the richest; 
Half, full teeming and rife with the choicest fruits of the vineyard, 
Half, already for tillage cleared from the growth of the forest. (580) 
Suppliant then too came that old JEtolian horseman 
JEneus, climbing with pain the stair which led to his chamber, 
Shaking the door for admission, and clasping the knees of his 
offspring. 



Book IX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 191 

All his sisters came and joined their prayers, and his mother 
Begged: but the more they prayed, the more he refused, and his 

comrades 
Most familiar and best belov'd stood round and entreated. 
All he resisted. None could persuade his implacable spirit. 
But when at length the conflict's rage his quarter endangered, 
When the Curetes had scaled the walls, and set fire to the city, 
Then came his beauteous wife whom he loved, the fair Cleo- 
patra, (590) 
Joining her prayers; and in agonized words she depicted the horrors 
Those must endure, whose town an assaulting army had entered: 
How all the men are slain; how the flames spread wide through the 

city ; 
How the children are torn away, and the deep-bosomed matrons. 
This, as she urged, his soul was moved, and his anger abated. 
Forth he went, and sheathed his limbs in glittering armour; 
And from th' ^Etolian city the evil day was averted. 
To his own heart he yielded. His country s prayers he rejecled, 
Therefore the proffered gifts they gave him not. Yet he saved them. 
Cherish not thoughts like these in thy heart, my friend, my Achilles '. 
Let not thy evil genius mislead thee. Small were the glory 
Half-burned ships to rescue with tardy aid. Be persuaded, 
Come for the gifts : and the Greeks like a god will hail their deliv'rer. 
But, if thou fight but in self-defence, unmoved by our presents, 
Conquest may crown thy arms, yet grateful praise will be absent." 

Thus he spake. Replied then the swift-pursuing Achilles: 
"Phoenix, old and revered, my father, belov'd of tli immortals! 
Honour like this I need not. From Zeus is my mission of glory. 
That, perchance, may detain me here by my hollow-keeled vessels, 
While to my bosom breath, while strength to my knees, shall be 
granted. (6 1 o) 

One thing more let me say, and well shaft thou do to observe it: 
Fret not my soul with tears and laments for your hero Atreides, 
Taking his part. That man thou must cease to love and to honour, 
Wouldst thou not turn to hatred the fond regard which I bear thee. 
Him who hath injured me 'tis fit thou aid me to injure. 



192 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book IX. 

Come then, partake my kingdom; and rule, my equal in honour. 
Leave it to these their report to make. Stay thou, and in quiet 
Pass here the night in gentle sleep. At the dawn of the morrow 
Counsel we, here to remain, or home return to our country." 

Thus he spake: and by nod and bended brow to Patroclus (620) 
Silently signed to prepare for Phcenix a bed; and the others, 
This observing, prepared from the tent to withdraw. Then, uprising. 
Great Telamonian Aias, that godlike hero, addressed them: 

"Jove-descended son of Laertes, inventive Odysseus! 
Let us begone! Not thus shall we aught attain, or accomplish 
That for which hither we came, and now with speed it behoves us 
Back to the Greeks to return and report the result, though unwel- 
come. 
There they sit, and expect us. Too well it appears that Achilles 
Harbours within his haughty breast an implacable spirit. 
Stubborn, he casts aside the love of his friends and companions (630) 
All the honour we paid him, as most distinguished among us. 
Pitiless ! Many a man hath forgiv'n the death of a brother, 
Or for a son accepted a just and due compensation. 
'Quitting the fine, the slayer remains in his tribe unmolested. 
Vengeance and honour remit their claims on the heart of the injured 
Soon as the ransom is paid. In thy soul the Gods have implanted 
Harsh, implacable thoughts, and an evil heart in thy bosom: 
All for a single slave. And we offer thee sev'n of the fairest, 
Many and noble gifts beside. Let these then appease thee! 
Think, that beneath thy roof as guests we stand, by the Grecians (640) 
Chosen, to urge their suit, and respect the claim which it gives us 
Who among all the Greeks most love, and hold thee in honour." 

Then making answer in turn replied swift-footed Achilles: 
"Chief of a heav'n-descended line, Telamonian Aias! 
All thou hast said from thy heart direct I perceive thou hast spoken : 
But when I think of him, my heart seems bursting with anger. 
Ever the scene j-ecurs anew to my mind, when Atreides 
Like some worthless slave before all our army disgraced me. 
Therefore return, and bear this message back to jour master: 
Not until Priam's son, the redoubted Hector, advancing (650) 



Book IX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 193 

Close to the Myrmidon ships and camp shall arrive, having slaughtered 
All your Greeks, and consumed with fire your tents and your vessels; 
Not till then shall I care to mix again in the conflict. 
Hector himself, methinks, will restrain his rage, nor adventure, 
•Bold as he is, to attack the camp and the ships of Achilles." 

Thus he spake: and each then seizing a two-handled goblet 
Made libation, and back by the ships return'd, Odysseus 
Leading the way. Patroclus his comrades and female domestics 
Bade for Phcenix a couch forthwith prepare; and the maidens 
Quickly obeyed, and made ready the couch, thick spreading upon it 
Fleece from the sheep, with a coverlid fair, and the softest of linen; 
Where the old hero in comfort slept, awaiting the morning. 
Deep in the far recess of his tent reposing, Achilles 
Lay. By his side reclined a captive damsel of Lesbos, 
Fair Diomede', daughter of Phorbas brave. And Patroclus 
Slept in an outer tent, and his couch was shared with his partner 
Isis, the lovely in form, by Achilles bestowed, when he conquered 
Rock-built Scyros, the lofty hold oi princely Evenus. 

Now to Atreides' tent the chiefs were come, and the council 
Rose, each man from the place where he sate, to receive them, and 
offered (670) 

Wine in goblets of gold, and asked their news. Agamemnon 
First, as sov'reign of all, enquired the result of their mission. 

"Tell me, renown'd Odysseus! the pride and boast of Achaia, 
Doth he consent? Will he save our ships from the flames of the 

Trojans? 
Or, still nurturing wrath in his soul — do ye bear his refusal?" 

Thus to his question replied the much-enduring Odysseus: 
"Great and glorious Atreides, thou king of men, Agamemnon! 
Far from dismissing his wrath, he fans- its flame, and his bosom 
Swells with increasing rage. Thyself, thy gifts, he despises ; 
Bids thee, as best thou mayst, assemble thy princes, and counsel (680) 
Take, how to save thy ships and thy host from utter destruction. 
As for himself, he threatens at morning's dawn, on the ocean 
Launching his many-benched ships, to sail, and leave us to perish. 
This, to the Greeks, he says, is the best advice he can offer, 



13 



194 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book IX. 



Homeward at once to sail; for in vain they hope to accomplish 
Lofty Ilion's fall: since thundering Zeus o'er the city 
Stretches his guardian hand, and her sons fresh courage have gathered. 
These were his words. There is Aias, who heard them all, and the 

heralds 
Both in attendance — prudent men — who will vouch what I tell thee. 
Phoenix remains behind, in his tent to sleep, and to-morrow (690) 
Home to return with him to the dear-lov'd land of his fathers 
If he desire to go: for nought will he do to compel him." 

Thus Qdysseus: and all th' assembly heard him in silence, 
Much disturbed at his words; for he spake with unwonted excitement, 
Silent and sad thus long remained the sons of Achaia, 
Until at length Diomedes rose, and thus he harangued them : 

"Atreus' son, most glorious, thou king of men, Agamemnon I 
Pity it is thou shouldst e'er have sent to the noble Achilles 
Proffering costly gifts, for haughty was ever his nature; 
Now to a towering pitch thou hast roused his insolent spirit. (700) 
Leave him alone however, to go or to stay at his pleasure, 
Choose his own time to fight, as caprice or occasion may dictate, 
Or some directing pow'r suggest the thought to his fancy. 
Now, however, attend to my words, ye Greeks ! and obey them : 
All of you now take rest ; with refreshing food, and the wine-cup 
Comforting first your hearts, for in these are vigour and courage; 
But when the rosy-finger'd dawn shall appear in her beauty, 
Rouse up, Atreides ! both horse and foot, and in front of our vessels 
Set in array and cheer them on, and fight with the foremost." 

Thus he spake: and all the princes expressed their approval, (710) 
Filled with amaze and delight at the speech of brave Diomedes : 
Each man then to his tent retired, first making libation; 
Stretched himself down to rest, and enjoyed the blessing of slumber. 



THE ILIAD 



BOOK X. 



BOOK THE TENTH. 



Argument. 



Agamemnon, in great disquietude, goes through the Grecian camp in 
the night, awakens Nestor and Diomedej and having sent Menelaus to 
summon the other leaders, they visit the guard at the trench, and hold a 
consultation. Diomede offers to proceed to espy the Trojan camp, and 
selecls Odysseus for his companion. They set forth, and meeting Dolon, 
a Trojan spy sent out by Heclor, they slay and despoil him, after obtaining 
from him information respecling the disposal of the Troja?is and auxiliaries. 
A cling on this information they enter the encampment of the Thracians 
{newly arrived), whom with their king Rhesus they find sleeping. They 
slaughter Rhesus and many of his companions, and carry off his chariot 
and horses, borne by which they return to the Grecian camp. 



ILIAD. BOOK X. 



A LL the rest of the Grecian chiefs through the night, by the vessels, 

Wrapped in refreshing slumber their wearied spirits recruited. 
Only on Atreus' son, the shepherd and guide of his people, 
Fell not the blessing of sleep ; for deep were the cares that oppressed 

him. 
As when th' almighty spouse of fair-hair'd Hera in thunder 
Mutters, presaging the pouring rain, or the rush of the hailstorm; 
Whitening here the fields with the thick-falling snows of his winter. 
There expanding the dreadful jaws of war on the nations: 
Thus from the inmost depths of his lab'ring breast Agamemnon 
Sent forth many a groan; for his soul was troubled within him. (10) 
When o'er the Troian plain his looks he cast, with amazement 
There he beheld the fires thick blazing in front of the city, 
Heard the sound of the flutes and pipes, and the murmur of voices : 
But when he turned to the ships and viewed the Grecian encampment, 
Maddened, his hair from the roots he tore, and tossed it to heaven, 
As in reproach of Zeus ; his proud heart bursting with anguish. 
This to his mind appeared the most desirable counsel: 
First to resort to Nestor, Neleus' son, and endeavour, 
Aided by him, to devise some well-planned scheme of deliv'rance, 
Such as might rescue all their host from the danger impending. (20) 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book X. 



Up he arose at once, and around his bosom a mantle 
Wrapped, and his sandals rich to his smooth white feet he adjusted ; 
Then o'er his shoulders flung the blood-stained skin of a lion 
Tawny and huge, to his ankles which reached; and. seized on his 
jav'lin. 

Not with less anxious care Menelaiis' bosom was haunted, 
Sleep on his eyelids rested not; for he thought on the Argives, 
All they had to endure, those valiant hearts, who to Ilion 
Came o'er the mighty waters to fight and bleed in his quarrel. 
O'er his broad back had he thrown in haste the skin of a leopard, 
Varied with many a spot. On his head high towered a helmet (.30) 
Gleaming with brass. In his nervous grasp there quivered a jav'lin. 
He to his brother's tent was wending his way, to awaken 
Him whom the Greeks obeyed, and as some divinity honoured. 
Him he found, at the prow of his ship, in the act of attiring, 
Just about to set forth. Right welcome indeed was his coming. 
Then Menelaiis, great in the roar of battle, addressed him: 

"Why art thou arming thus, my brother and chief? Of our comrades 
Seek' st thou a man to go forth and espy the force of the Trojans ? 
Much I fear that none will dare such risk to encounter, 
And in the shade of ambrosial night, as a spy, to adventure (40) 

Into the enemy's camp, alone. He were bold who would do it!" 

Then made answer in turn the ruler of men, Agamemnon: 
"O Menelaiis, Jove-descended! Much it behoves us 
Both to adopt some prudent and sound advice, which may rescue 
Greece and her fleet: since Zeus hath changed, and withdrawn his 

protection. 
Hector's prayers have outweighed our own, and his vows are accepted. 
Ne'er have mine eyes beheld, ne'er heard I related in story, 
Wonders like these, by one man, in a day, devised and completed, 
Deeds such as Hector, sprung from no god, conceived by no goddess, 
Here against Greece and her sons hath wrought, and woes hath 
inflicted, (50) 

Many and deep on the Argive host : such woes as Achaia, 
Ev'n to her latest day, shall have cause in tears to remember. 
Up then ! Run to their ships and Idomeneus summon and Aias, 



Book X.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 199 

Bid them be ready, while I to the tent of Nestor betake me, 

Bid the old chief arise and forth to the guard in the trejzches. 

To that devoted band, proceed, and deliver my orders. 

None will they sooner obey. His son is one of their leaders, 

Merion too, Idomeneus' faithful friend and attendant : 

These in the chief command are placed and to Nestor will hearken." 

Then Menelaiis, great in the roar of battle, responded : (60) 

"Tell me, I pray thee, this being done, what next dost thou order: 
Shall I remain with the princes there, and await their arrival, 
Or shall I follow thy steps, having first delivered thy message ?" 

Once more thus then addressed him the king of men, Agamemnon : 
"Stay thou there; lest, intending to meet we miss one another, 
Crossing unseen : for the camp is vast, and many the pathways. 
Shout, where'er thou goest, aloud, and bid them be watchful. 
Such as thou meet'st, address by the names of their fathers or lineage, 
Courteously honouring all : and eschew all haughty demeanour. 
Earnestly bend we our souls to the work before us : rememb'ring,(7o) 
Zeus when he gave us birth ordained this heavy affliction." 

Thus he spoke and his brother, instructed, went on his errand, 
While he himself sought out the shepherd and guide of his people, 
Nestor ; and him in his tent he found by his dark-frowning vessels, 
Wrapped in soft repose. His arms lay scattered beside him, 
Shield and crested helm, and two sharp glittering lances; 
There too lay the embroidered belt, which that warrior ancient 
Girt, when for deadly combat he armed, and bravely his people 
Led to the fight : for he suffered not age to deaden his ardour. 
Starting from sleep, he raised his head, and leaned on his elbow, (80) 
Questioning thus the intruder bold who came to disturb him. 

" Who goes there? What brings thee hither alone and uncalled for, 
Thus through the shades of night when all are buried in slumber ? 
Com'st thou for some of the guards ? or seek'st thou one of thy 

comrades ? 
Speak ! Approach me not thus in silence. What is thy business?" 

Then making answer replied Atreides, ruler of nations : 
" Nestor, Neleus' son, thou glory and boast of Achaia, 
Atreus' son, Agamemnon, before thee stands, above all men 



200 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book X. 

Marked by Zeus for distress and care, while yet in my bosom 
Lingers the breath of life — while my limbs are able to bear me. (90) 
Therefore I wander thus — since sleep on my eyelids descends not — 
Sadly revolving the fortunes of war and the woes of the Grecians. 
Dread for their fate invades my soul. All firmness forsakes me, 
All confus'd are my thoughts. My beating heart from my bosom 
Seems as about to leap, and my strong knees tremble beneath me. 
Wouldst thou, however, be doing, — since sleep hath fled from thy 

pillow — 
Let us together proceed and inspect the guard that we stationed 
Outside the rampart wall, lest by toil exhausted, in slumber, 
Careless of all, they indulge and neglect their watch a?id their duty. 
Close at hand and alert is the foe, and great the temptation (100) 
Under the cover of night to assault our camp and derwhelm us." 

Nestor then, the Gerenian knight, this answer returned him : 
"Atreus' son, most glorious! — thou king of men, Agamemnon! 
Zeus, be assured, will never to Hector grant w T hat he longs for, 
All his high-raised hopes. His turn will come, when Achilles 
Rouses himself and turns from his bitter wrath. Then await him, 
Labour and woes unnumbered, his short-lrdd triumph to balance. 
Thee will I follow at once. Let us summon the chiefs to attend us ; 
Brave Tydeides, the spearman renowmed, and the noble Odysseus, 
Aias the swift of foot, and Meges, Phyleos' offspring. ( ITO ) 

Some one, 'twere well, should speed to call Telamonian Aias, 
And the redoubted Cretan prince : for their stations are distant, 
Lying away at the last extreme of the camp and the vessels. 
Now must I chide Menelaus, who, dear as he is and respected, 
Sleeps, and leaves thee to labour alone. This hardly becomes him. 
That must I say : though thy brother's blame incur thy displeasure. 
Foremost of all should he be to beseech the chiefs, and to aclio?i 
Urge them : now that so dire a need is pressing upon us." 

Then forthwith replied Agamemnon, ruler of nations : 
" Old and revered as thou art, thy blame just now he deserves not, (120) 
Sometimes indeed he seems remiss — less ready in action, 
Not, however from sloth, or from dulness of thought or perception, 
But that in all he looks to me, and awaits my commencement. 



Book X.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 201 

This time, however, alert and armed, he came ere my bidding, 
And to those very chiefs thou hast wished sought out, have I sent him. 
Come now ! seek we the guard, and the chiefs will all be assembled 
Outside the gates, beside the trench : for such were my orders." 

Then responded that ancient knight, Gerenian Nestor : 
" Then is he free from blame : nor will one of the Greeks disobey him. 
Or in resentful mood receive the commands he shall give them." (130) 
This having said, he arose, and drew o'er his bosom a tunic, 
And to his smooth white feet his sandals rich he adjusted; 
Round him a purple cloak he threw, with a clasp was it fastened; 
Double and ample in fold, and thick with wool was its texture. 
Grasping his stout and trusty spear, sharp pointed and glancing. 
Forth he strode to the ships of the bronze-mailed sons of Achaia. 
Soon to Odysseus' tent he came, Jove's equal in counsel. 
Him the Gerenian knight in a moment roused from his slumbers, 
Shouting aloud. The call went straight to the mind of the sleeper. 
Forth from his tent at once he came; and thus he addressed them 1(140) 
"Why are ye going these lonely rounds through the ships and the army 
Under the shade of ambrosial night? Is there cause of disturbance ?" 

Thus replied that ancient chief, Gerenian Nestor : 
" Jove-descended son of Laertes, inventive Odysseus ! 
Deem not amiss that we wake thee: so dire is the need that besets us, 
Come now. Rouse we the rest; each chief who may aid us in council, 
Whether to fight or fly. That issue must now be debated." 

This when he heard, Odysseus returned to his tent for a moment, 
Braced o'er his shoulders his painted shield, and quickly rejoined them. 
Next unto Tydeus' son Diomedes they came, and they found him, (150) 
Sleeping without his tent, full-armed : and his comrades around him 
All were asleep, with their shields beneath their heads. And their 

lances 
Fixed upright on their butt-spikes stood, while the bronze of the 

weapons 
Gleamed, like the lightnings of Father Zeus. There slumbered the 

hero, 
Stretched at his length on a wild bull's ample hide; and for pillow 
Under his head was placed a gorgeous tapestried carpet 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book X. 



Him from his sleep the Gerenian knight approaching awakened, 
Stirring his heel with his foot, and thus, reproving, exhorted : 

" Rouse thee ! Tydeus' son. Is it thus that, indulging in slumber, 
All night long thou liest; while the Trojan, close to our vessels, (160) 
On yon height is encamped, and small is the space that divides us." 

Thus when addressed, from sleep upsprang the chief in an instant, 
And in reply, with ready speech, this answer returned him : 
" Wond'rous man ! Unbowed by years thou remit'st not thy labours. 
Are there not many, younger than thou, of the sons of Achaia, 
Who in thy place might go these rounds and awaken the Princes? 
Surely such toils are beyond 4hy strength. Yet nought can subdue 
thee." 

Nestor then, the Gerenian knight, this answer returned him : 
"None but the words of truth itself, my friend, hast thou uttered. 
'Tis not however for lack of sons, devoted and helpful, i 1 ! ) 

No! nor of subjects, prompt their sovereign's will to accomplish: — 
These might have gone my round. But the need is pressing and 

urgent. 
Balanced, as on a razor's edge, is the fate of the Grecians : 
Life is on one side; bitter defeat and death on the other. 
Yet, as the younger, pitying thus my years and my weakness. 
Up! and arouse great Phyleus' son and Oilean Aias." 

This when he heard, o'er his shoulders he flung the skin of a lion 
Tawny and huge, to his feet which reached; and seized on his jav'lin. 
Forth he sped and aroused the chiefs, whom he led to the council. 

Now to the guards being come, through their lines they passed and 
observed them. ( x 8o) 

Sleeping they found not one of the chiefs, not one of their folTwers. 
Watchful, in groups they sate, each warrior grasping his weapon. 
As when the vigilant dogs keep restless watch round a sheep-fold, 
Hearing the lion's approaching roar, and his rush through the forest, 
Down from the mountain borne on the wind, and the shouting of 

hunters 
Mingled with baying of hounds, and sleep descends not upon them : 
Thus from their anxious lids refreshing slumber was banished, 
As through that dismal night they watched; with eager attention 



Book X.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 203 

Turned to the field, to gather the slightest move of the Trojans. 
These the old chief with delight beheld and with praises en- 
couraged, ( I 9°) 
Thus, in a few swift-uttered words addressing their leaders: 
"So far, good, my children! relax not your watch, nor let slumber 
Weigh on your lids and make you a laughingstock to our foemen." 
Cheeringly thus having spoken, the trench he crossed, and the princes 
Followed his steps : all those who were called to delib'rate in council. 
Merion came, and Nestor's valiant son was among them 
Whom, as they passed, the chiefs had summoned to join their assembly. 
Now had they traversed the deep-sunk trench and selected a station, 
Where the clear ground looked out, by the heaps of dead unencumbered 
Scattered around : 'twas the place where impetuous Hector from 
slaughter (200) 
Turned, and checked his victorious arms, when darkness involved them. 
Down they sate; and each with each exchanged his opinion. 
Nestor then, the Gerenian knight, uprose and addressed them : 
"Hear me, my friends ! can a man be found so cool and so daring, 
Self-possessed, and prepared for the worst, as to mix with the Trojans, 
Ent'ring their camp. Some straggler perchance he may seize on its 

outskirts, 
Or in the camp itself some glimpse may gather, some notion 
What they devise among themselves, their plans and intentions : 
If to remain, by our ships encamped, afar from their city, 
Or to complete our defeat, and return, rejoicing, to Ilion, (210) 
This could he learn, and eluding their guard, escape and rejoin us, 
Scatheless, such an exploit would exalt his fame to the heavens, 
Rumoured abroad among men : and a rich reward should it bring him. 
Every chief who commands a ship, in the fleet of the Grecians, 
Out of his wealth a coal-black ewe with her lamb shall contribute, 
Forming, together, a gift most rare: unequalled in value: 
While at each festal board a distinguished place shall await him." 
Thus he spake : and the chiefs assembled heard him in silence, 
Till Diomedes, great in the roar of battle, responded: 
"Nestor! my spirit is stirred, and burns to accept the adventure. (220) 
Forth will I fare, and explore the hostile camp of the Trojans, 



204 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book X. 



Close as it is at hand. Yet fain would I have a companion. 
Comfort it were : and mutual support would afford, and excitement. 
Friend upon friend relying, each wit would sharpen the other, 
Seizing, at once, each 'vantage point; which one, though perceiving, 
Left to himself would be slow to improve, unskilled to interpret." 

Thus he spake, and many a chief rose, eager to join him. 
Up rose both Aiantes, the two brave servants of Ares ; 
Up rose Merion ; rose the son of Gerenian Nestor ; 
Up rose Atreus' son, that spearman staunch, Menelaiis ; (230) 

Up rose Odysseus, patient of toil and daring in aclion, 
Longing the Trojan lines to pierce: so prompted his spirit. 
These when he saw come forward, outspake the king Agamemnon, 
"Tydeus' son! most brave, most dear to my heart! a companion 
Choose from among these chiefs thou see'st, the best and the bravest. 
Many are those who offer. Select whom most thou approvest, 
Free in thy choice; unbiassed thy mind by respect or by favour. 
Pass not the better to choose the worse through fear of offending. 
Lineage or sov'reign rank 'tis now no time to consider'"' 

Thus Agamemnon in dread lest the choice should fall on his 
brother. (240) 

Brave Diomedes however took up the word, and addressed them. 
"Since ye enjoin me thus to choose my companion in danger, 
How can my soul forget the claims of godlike Odysseus, 
Wary, and cool of heart,, yet bold of spirit and ready, 
Every danger to face, and the fav'rite of Pallas Athene? 
Wisdom like his through fiery flames would safely conduct us 
Back to our friends. For ready resource there lives not his equal." 

Thus to his words responded the much-enduring Odysseus: 
"Praise me not thus, Tydeides! Both praise and blame are superfluous 
Here in the presence of Greeks who know us well, and the 
time, too, (250) 

Presses. Let us begone ! Far spent is the night, and the dawning 
Nears. The stars in their course decline. Two watches are ended, 
And but a third of the night is left to complete our adventure." 

Thus the chiefs; and in arms to their purpose suited, equipped them. 
Brave Thrasymedes then to Tydeides a two-edged falchion 



Book X.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 205 

Lent, his own being left in his tent when summoned by Nestor; 
Slung o'er his shoulders his shield; and a leathern cap for a helmet, 
Coneless and crestless, placed on his head: such cap as to soldiers 
Undistinguished, and youth untrained, affords a projection. 
Merion to noble Odysseus a bow supplied and a quiver; (260) 
Gave him, moreover, a sword. On his head was fitted a helmet 
Wrought of the bull's tough hide, and with many a thong from 

within it 
Tightly secured. Without, the ivory tusks of a wild boar, 
And the white, close-ran g'd teeth in his jaws, which surrounded the 

helmet, 
Grinned, a sufficient fence ; and of thick sewed wool was the lining. 
This from Amyntor, Hormenus' son, at the sack of his city 
Eleon, brave Autolychus took, when he plundered his palace; 
He to Amphidamas gave it, Cythera's prince, at Scandasa; 
Who upon Molus his guest as a friendly token bestowed it. 
Thence by Meriones, Molus' son, to be worn it descended, (270) 
Destined now to protect the sacred head of Odysseus. 

Thus were the pair equipped, having donned their terrible armour. 
Forth they fared, and behind them left the camp and the council. 
Then, by their path, on the right a heron upsprang, by Athene 
Sent, as a favouring sign. They saw not the bird; for the darkness 
Hid him from view; but his cry they heard, and the clang of his rising. 
Gladly Odysseus heard it; and thus he prayed to Athene : 
"Hear me! daughter of ^Egis-bearing Zeus, who hast ever 
Nobly sustained me in all my toils; who regardest my movements, 
Go where I will. Now lend thy peculiar aid and protection! (280) 
Grant that, achieving some great exploit, some deed that the Trojans 
Deeply may rue, we regain our ships in safety and triumph." 

Thus, too, devoutly prayed Diomedes, mighty in battle : 
"Hear me too! invincible daughter of Zeus, and be nigh me 
Ev'n as thou wentest with Tydeus, my noble father, to Thebae, 
When from Asopus' banks by the Achaians sent as their envoy, 
Leaving his friends behind, he set forth alone on his mission. 
Peace was his objecl, friendly the terms he brought the Cadmeans, 
Yet did he find his return a task of toil a?id of danger. ( 2 %9) 



206 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book X. 

Dread were the deeds he achieved, by thee, great Goddess ! assisted. 
Me too assist, and protect through all the toils that await me. 
So will I lead to thine altar a spotless heifer, a yearling, 
Broad of front, unbroken, and yet to the yoke unaccustomed. 
This, overlaying her horns with gold,, in thy fane will I offer." 

Earnestly thus they prayed, and their prayer reached Pallas Athene'. 
Then, to the daughter of mighty Zeus having made their petition, 
On they went, like lions who seek their prey, through the darkness 
Striding, through slaughter and blood, among thick-strown arms and 
o'er corses. 

Nor in the Troian camp did He 61 or suffer to slumber 
All that mighty host, but called their rulers together; (3°°) 

Thither they came, each chieftain brave and experienced leader: 
And in their presence thus he disclosed the thoughts of his bosom : 
" Where is the man who, for great reward, well worth his acceptance, 
Danger and toil o'erpaying, a daring deed will accomplish? 
He as a prize shall receive the fairest car and the swiftest 
Horses, with flowing manes, which Greece can boast in her armies. 
Glory, besides, shall he win, who will enter their camp, and, ap- 
proaching 
Close to their ships, their state and future plans shall discover : 
Whether with vigilant watch they guard their vessels as usual, 
Or by their late defeat and the past day's struggle exhausted, (310) 
Toil-worn, and broken in strength, they relax their guard, and con- 
template 
Nought but to speed their flight, with the .coming dawn, der the ocean." 
Thus he spake. But th' assembly received the proposal in silence. 

Now, of the Troian host was there one, the son of Eumedes, 
Dolon by name; a wealthy man, and a herald by office, 
Swift of foot, though ill to behold in form and in feature; 
Only brother of sisters five. From the host of the Trojans 
Forth he stepped, and to Hector's proposal thus he responded : 

" Hector ! my prompting spirit is longing to try this adventure. 
Forth to their ships will I wend my way, and learn their intentions. (320) 
Hold up thy sceptre, albeit, to Heav'n, and swear thou wilt give me 
Those brave steeds, and the car with brass inlaid and refulgent, 



Book X.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 207 

Which the divine Achilles bear, when advancing to battle. 
Thus assured, will I prove no idle scout. Thou mayst trust me. 
Into the heart of their force will I make my way; to the quarter 
Where Agamemnon lies, and where all their leaders in council 
Now perchance are debating the question of flight or of combat." 

Hector his sceptre raised, and swore the oath he demanded : 
"Witness, immortal Zeus ! Loud-thundering! consort of Here! 
None of our Trojan host shall mount that car, or those horses (330) 
Drive, save Dolon alone. Be his the boast to possess them." 
Thus he swore. But vain was the oath. Yet the man was encouraged. 
Forthwith across his shoulders his crooked bow he suspended, 
Flung o'er his armour a grey wolf's skin, and braced on a head-piece, 
Lined with a weasel's fur, and a sharp, light dart was his weapon. 
Forth from the camp he went and shaped his course for the vessels : 
Destined no more to return, and to bring no tidings to He 61 or. 

Now had he left behind the crowd of men and of horses, 
Cheerily pressing on, when Odysseus heard him approaching; 
And to the coming steps he called his comrade's attention : (340) 
" Hark! Diomedes. Some one comes from the camp of the Trojans : 
Either a spy by the foe sent forth to discover our movements, 
Or some plundering wretch, intent on stripping the corses. 
This be our plan: Let us suffer him first some trifle to pass us, 
All unsuspecting ; then from behind rush smartly upon him. 
Should he by swiftness of foot elude our grasp, let us drive him, 
Always farther away from his friends, to the ships of the Grecians, 
And with our threatened spears intercept his escape to the city." 

Thus agreed, some space they stepped aside from the pathway, 
Crouching them down among the dead. On hastened their vic7i?n,{$$6) 
Thoughtless. When passed such space as the swifter mules on the 

oxen 
Gain, when ploughs they drag from end to end of a fallow, 
Cleaving the deep te?iacious soil with the glittering ploughshare, 
Quickly they followed him up. He stopped at the sound of their 

footsteps, 
Not without lurking hope that on orders issued by Hector, 
Messengers swift had been sent from the Trojan camp to recall him. 



208 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book X. 

But when within a jav'lin's cast approached he perceived them, 
Knowing them then for foes, at once to flight he betook him, 
Straining each active limb : and they put forth their strength to pursue 

him. 
As when two rough-toothed hounds through the bush and brake of 

the forest, ' (360) 

Train'd to the chase, pursue some flying hare, or a roebuck; 
Screaming with terror he flies, and relentless press his pursuers. 
Thus Diomedes brave, and Odysseus, razer of cities, 
Hemming him in, his retreat cut off, and drove him before them. 

Now had he neared the Grecian ships and the guard at the trenches, 
And in Tydeides' bosom the thought arose, (by Athene 
Sent) that some other hand might arrest his flight, or might slay him, 
Winning a cheap renown, and himself stand second in glory. 
Threatening then with his spear on rushed at once Diomedes. 
"Stop then! or with this lance will I reach thee. Think not to 

'scape me! (37°) 

Take but another step, and sure destruction awaits thee." 
Thus he cried, and his spear he hurled, not meaning to strike him, 
O'er his right shoulder glancing the weapon passed, and before him 
Stood with its point in the ground, upright. Sore trembling he halted, 
Stamm'ring with fear. Loud chattered his teeth in his mouth, and 

a paleness 
Spread o'er his ghastly face. On, panting, came his pursuers, 
Pinning his arms where he stood. Then weeping thus he addressed 

them : 
"Spare my life! and a ransom accept. I am rich. In abundance 
Gold I possess, and brass, and steel well tempered and burnished. 
All that I have will my father gladly send, for my ransom, (380) 
Soon as he learns that his son survives at the ships of the Grecians." 

Thus then, with artful address replied deep-scheming Odysseus : 
"Be of good courage. Let no thought of dying disturb thee. 
Tell me at once, and tell me without reserve or evasion, 
Why through the gloomy night, when mortals sleep, dost thou journey 
Thus alone, on the way to our ships, from the camp of the Trojans? 
Art thou a plund'rer intent on stripping the dead? Or hath Hector 



Book X.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 209 

Sent thee forth to espy our force, and our plans to discover, 
Down at our hollow ships? Or goest thou in quest of adventures?" 
. Thus then Dolon replied, his knees still shaking with terror: (390) 
"Hector it is who hath led me, against my will, into trouble, 
OrT'ring a rich reward : no less than the steeds of Achilles. 
These, and his glorious chariot refulgent with brass, would he give me, 
Would I but go through the night's swift-fleeting shade, and ap- 
proaching 
Close to your host, your state and future projects discover: 
Whether, with vigilant watch ye guard your vessels as usual, 
Or, by your late defeat, and the day's past struggle exhausted, 
Toilwor?i and broken in strength, relax your guard, and contemplate 
Nought, save at break of day, to speed your flight der the ocea?i." 

Scornfully smiling, thus replied the thoughtful Odysseus : (400) 
"High hath thy mind been set, and a noble prize hast thou aimed at; 
Dread ^Eacides' steeds ! They are ill to drive, and submit them 
Hardly to mortal hand; and to none, save that of Achilles, 
Goddess-born as he is. In vain would another attempt it. 
Come now ! Tell me, again, without disguise or evasion, 
Where didst thou leave great Hector, the shepherd and guide of 

his people? 
Where are his martial arms, and where his chariot and horses? 
How are the tents and watches disposed of the rest of the Trojans? 
What devise they among themselves — their plans and intentions? 
If to remain by our ships encamped, afar from their city, (410) 
Or to complete our defeat and return in triumph to Ilion." 

Thus did Dolon, Eumedes' son, reply to his questions : 
"All that I know without reserve or disguise will I tell thee. 
Hector, with all the distinguished leaders and chiefs of the Trojans, 
Gathered at Ilus' tomb, are now debating in council, 
Far from the tumult and noise. For the guards of whom thou 

enquirest, 
Chosen bands are there none keeping watch and ward for the army. 
All of Troian birth, who have hearths and homes in the city, 
Sleepless (for so th' occasion requires) exhort one another, 
Sharply to watch. Not so those reckless auxiliar forces, (4 20 ) 



14 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book X. 



Summoned from far. These sleep, and cast all care on the Trojans : 
Children and wives at hand have they none to render them anxious." 

Then replying in turn, thus spake deep-scheming Odysseus : 
"How are those foreign troops disposed? With the host of the Trojans 
Sleep they mixed, or apart? This tell me clearly a?id briefly? 
Dolon, Eumedes' son, made prompt reply to his question : 
"This too, in full detail and without reserve, will I tell thee. 
Seaward are camped the Carian troops and Paeonian bowmen, 
Leleges then, Cauconians next, and the noble Pelasgi. 
Landward tow'rds Thymbra, the Mysians fierce and Lydian 

warriors, (43°) 

Phrygian charioteers, and the crested bands of Mceonia. 
Yet what boots it to name by name each several nation? 
If ye but seek the readiest way our encampment to enter, 
There, at the farthest extreme, but just arrived, are the Thracians, 
Led to the war by Rhesus their sov'reign, son of Eioneus. 
Ne'er did mine eyes such steeds behold, so large and so beauteous, 
Whiter than drifted snow, and outstripping the wind in their fleetness. 
Such his steeds ! and his car with gold is refulgent and silver. 
Shining in arms he came, all gold, gigantic and glorious : 
Wondrous to view ! Such arms as scarce seem fit for a mortal (440) 
Here upon earth to wear: such arms as a god might appear in. 
Send me now to the ships. / will yield me there as your captive, 
Or, if ye doubt, then bind me hand and foot, and in fetters 
Leave me here to await your return. Returned ye shall judge me, 
If I have failed of the truth in a single point of my story." 

Then with a frown severe replied the stern Diomedes : 
"Think not, Dolon! now to escape, since once I have caught thee; 
Though thou hast told us much that is good and perchance may be 

useful : 
For should we spare thy forfeit life and dismiss thee in freedom, 
Sure may we be to find thee again at the ships of the Grecians, (450) 
Craftily spying our ways, or in arms in the ranks of our foemen. 
Now if I use a conqueror's right, and cut short thy existence, 
Greece hath one foe the less to subdue, one traitor to punish." 
Harshly he spake, and in suppliant guise his hand while the pris'ner 



Book X.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 211 



Raised, as in act to stroke his beard, with a sweep of his falchion 
Cut through his neck at once, and the severed head down tumbling 
Rolled in the dust, its unfinished prayer still horribly mutt'ring. 
Then from the head they stripped its weasel cap j fro7n his shoulders 
Tore off the grey wolfs hide; his bow recurved and his jav'lin 
Seized, and to Pallas Athena, delighting in spoil a7id in conquest, (460) 
Godlike Odysseus raised them aloft, and preferred his petition: 
"Hail! great goddess ! Accept these spoils ! Of all the immortals 
Thee do we first invoke. O guide our steps, and dire 61 us 
Where we may find this Thracian chief, his tents and his horses." 

Such was the prayer he uttered, as lifting the spoils, he affixed them 
High on a tamarisk's branch : there left them, a mark for their guidance 
Back returning; and reeds he gathered, and boughs of the tam'risk 
Heaped, in a pile conspicuous, to point out the place in the darkness. 
Then through th' ensanguined plain, among scattered amis and o'er 

corses, 
On they pressed, and soon they reached the band of the Thracians. (470) 
Sleeping they found them, o'ercome by toil : and ready beside them 
All their resplendent arms on the ground lay assorted in order, 
Forming a triple line, and by each his steeds and his chariot. 
Rhesus, their king, in the midst lay sound asleep, and his horses, 
Swift as the wind, stood bound to the rail at the back of his chariot, 
These, perceiving, Odysseus at once pointed out to Tydeides : 

"This is the man, Tydeides, and these those marvellous coursers 
Praised in such vaunting terms by Dolon, the spy whom we 

slaughtered. 
Now be doing! exert thy might: for ill it beseems thee 
Idly to stand, with arms in hand. Come ! quickly unloose them : (480) 
Or do thou slay the men, and mine be the care of the horses." 

Thus he spake. But Tydeides, with rage inspired by Athene, 
Smote round about him, and slew. Deep groans each sweep of his 

weapon 
Followed in dread response, and the ground with blood was impurpled. 
As when a famished lion, intent on mischief and slaughter, 
Some unprotected flock of sheep or of goats hath invaded, 
So came down on the Thracian host infuriate Tydeides. 



14 — 2 



212 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book X. 

Twelve had he slain. Meanwhile Odysseus, wary and thoughtful, 
Fast as Tydeides struck, came after, and seized on the victim, 
Dragging him back by the feet; thus clearing a way: for he 

dreaded (49°) 

Lest that in leading them forth, the steeds, unaccustomed to slaughter, 
Freshly arrived, and new to war, at sight of the corpses 
Startled, might rear and refuse on the ghastly relics to trample. 
But when Tydeides reached the spot where Rhesus was sleeping, 
Him, thirteenth, he deprived of the cheerful light of the living. 
Gasping he lay, for a threat'ning vision, sent by Athene, 
Stood o'er his head that livelong night, like the grandson of iEneus. 

Cautiously now had Odysseus the horses unbound from the chariot, 
Led, by the reins conjoined, and brought them forth, with his 

bowstring 
Lashing them on. Of the scourge he bethought him not, which was 

lying (500) 

Ready for use, with the arms, on the gorgeous seat of the chariot. 
Sounding a signal note, then warned he the brave Diomedes. 
He, meanwhile, intent on some feat of more terrible daring, 
Doubted awhile, if to draw forth the car by its pole, or to lift it 
Bodily out, by enormous strength; or to rush on the Thracians, 
Taking the lives of many, attd spreading a wider destruction. 
Thus while he stood debating, his guardian goddess, Athene, 
Came to his aid, and beside him stood. And thus she advised him: 

"Son of the noble Tydeus! Bethink thee now of returning 
Quietly back to the ships; or in flight, and pursued, thou mayst 

reach them, (5 IQ ) 

Should some unfriendly power arouse the Trojans against thee." 
Thus she spake, and Tydeides obeyed the voice of the Goddess; 
Quickly the car he ascended; Odysseus lashed on the horses, 
Using his bow for a scourge; and they flew to the camp of the 

Grecians. 
Nor was the God of the silver bow unwatchful or careless. 
Soon as Athena he saw thus lending her aid to Tydeides, 
Down in anger he came, and mixed with the host of the Trojans, 
Rousing from sleep Hippdcoon, leader sage of the Thracians, 



Book X.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 213 

Nearly allied to Rhesus by birth: who, starting from slumber, 
Soon as he missed the vanished car, and the horses of Rhesus, (520) 
Rolling in blood when he saw the corses, yet in their death-pang, 
Burst forth in tears and laments, and called on the name of his 

comrade. 
Roused by his cries, the Trojans with wild, unspeakable uproar 
Ran to the spot, and aghast they stood, when they saw the de- 
struction 
Wrought by men now far beyond their pursuit, and in safety, 

Now when the chiefs had arrived where Hector's spy they had 
slaughtered, 
There did Odysseus draw the rein. Diomedes, alighting, 
Took from the tamarisk's bra?ich his blood-stained spoils, to Odysseus 
Handing them. These in the car bestowed, he remounted. 
Sounded the lash once more, and the horses flew, unrelu<5tant (230) 
Skimming the plain to the hollow ships, as longing to reach them. 

Nestor first perceived the approaching sound of the chariot. 
"Friends!" he said, "ye leaders of Greece! ye counselling sagesf 
Is it illusion or truth that my mind impels me to utter ? 
Surely mine ears perceive the tramp of horses approaching! 
Oh, may Heav'n gratit that Odysseus and brave Diomedes returning, 
Bring from the Trojan foe some chariot and steeds as their trophy! 
Sadly I fear me, however, lest these, the best of our leaders, 
Some mischance have befall'n in the whelming rout of the Trojans." 

Still were his words unfinished, when up. drove the chiefs in their 
chariot. (54°) 

Down to the ground at once they sprang. Then great the rejoicing, 
Many the hands extended, and cordial and warm was their welcome. 
Thus then, Odysseus addressing, enquired Gerenian Nestor: 

"Tell me now, great Odysseus, thou boast and pride of our nation, 
Whence are these noble steeds? Have ye won them in fight with the 

Trojans? 
Or have ye met some God in your way, at whose hands ye received 

them, 
All celestial, and beaming with sun-bright whiteness and splendour? 
Oft have I pierced the Trojan ranks and mixed with their battle, 



214 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book X. 

Nor hath old age detained me a laggard here at our vessels, 
Yet have I ne'er observed such steeds as these. Of a surety (550) 
These are no earthly herds spoils. Some God hath bestowed them. 
Favoured indeed are ye both by the cloud-compelling Kronion, 
And by the yEgis-bearer's virgin daughter, Athene!" 

Thus to his questions answered the deeply scheming Odysseus : 
"Nestor! Neleus' son! Thou glory and boast of our nation! 
Horses indeed like these, or better, in form and in swiftness, 
Might some benignant Pow'r with ease have bestowed, had it pleased 

him. 
These however, O reverend sire! of which thou enquirest, 
Mortal by birth, are freshly arrived with the prince of the Thracians, 
Whom Tydeides hath slain with twelve of his bravest companions, (560) 
Aye, thirteen; for a scout we caught not far from our vessels 
Whom, as a spy, to inspect our force and discover our movements 
Hector had sent, and all the assembled princes of Troia." 

Thus, exulting, he spake. And the prancing steeds and the chariot 
Thundered across the trench, and the chiefs all followed, rejoicing. 
Then, when they reached at length the stately tent of Tydeides, 
Freed from the yoke, the steeds were bound with thongs to the manger, 
Evenly cut, and with Diomed's coursers swift, in his stable 
Duly ranged, with an ample store of corn were provided. 
Dolon's ensanguined spoils in the stem of his vessel Odysseus (570) 
Safely lodged as, a votive off 'ring, due to Athene'. 

Now to the beach repaired the wearied chiefs, and their persons 
Laved in the sea's pure wave; and the gore and sweat which defiled 

them 
Cleansed from their necks and reeking limbs with plenteous ablution. 
Thence, restored in strength and refreshed at heart, they betook them 
Each to his polished bath ; where they bathed at ease and anointed, 
Suppling their stiffened frames with abundant oil, and with odours. 
Then to a full repast they sate them down ; and libations 
Poured, ere they drank, of the rich red wine, to Pallas Athene'. (579) 



THE ILIAD 



BOOK XI. 



BOOK THE ELEVENTH. 



Argument. 



A T daybreak Agamemnon arms and the Greeks march forth again to 
battle. The fortunes of war remain doubtful till noon, when the Greeks 
prevail and the Trojans fly. Agamemnoji performs prodigies of valour. 
Heclor, warned by Iris to retire awhile from the fight, obeys. Aga7nemnon 
is wounded and obliged to quit the field, when Heclor again advances. 
The tide of success now turns. Diomede is wounded by Paris, and 
Odysseus by Socus. Aias and Menelaus rescue him, but are forced to 
retreat. Machaon is wounded by Paris, and mounting the car of Nestor, 
is borne from the field. Achilles observes them returning and sends 
Patroclus to Nestor's tent to make enquiries. Nestor exhorts Patroclus 
to obtain permission to assume the arjns of Achilles and bring the Myrmi- 
dons to aid the Greeks. Returning he meets Euryalus wounded, who 
informs him of the evil plight of the Greeks. 



ILIAD. BOOK XI. 



T^ OS now had forsaken the couch of rev'rend Tithonus, 

Morn announcing, welcome alike to Gods and to mortals. 
Eris, commissioned by Zeus, now sought the ships of the Grecians, 
Rearing aloft the dread Gorgonian symbol of battle. 
High she stood on the vast dark-frowning ship of Odysseus, 
Whence upon either hand might echo the sound of her war-cry, 
Here from the ships and tents of the great Telamonian Aias, 
There from Achilles' camp — the remotest posts — under leaders, 
Sure by their valour and strength of hand to maintain their position. 
There stood the Goddess, and raised the loud Orthian strain, and in 

accents (10) 

Terrible shouted aloud; each heart with courage inspiring, 
And the determined resolve to fight to the last and to conquer. 
Sweeter by far to their souls was now the prospec~l of battle, 
Than to return in their ships to the dear-lov'd land of their fathers. 
Now through the camp went forth the command to arm, by Atreides 
Loudly proclaimed. He himself assumed his radiant armour. 
First, his manly legs with the polished greaves he invested, 
Clasping them firmly on with rich-wrought buckles of silver; 
Then o'er his ample chest he braced the glittering corslet 
Erst by Cinyris giv'n as a parting token of friendship, (20) 

And, when to Cyprus the news was borne that the Greeks had 

assembled, 



218 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XL 

Must'ring their ships, and preparing to sail for the conquest of Ilion, 
Sent with a message of kindly regard to the sov'reign of Argos. 
Ten were the bands of azure steel which its fabric surrounded, 
Twelve of refulgent gold, and twenty of tin. From each shoulder, 
Up to the neck, three snakes of steel were twined, and, inarching, 
Shone with effulgent hues all various — ev'n as the rainbow, 
Which in his clouds great Zeus hangs forth, a sign unto mortals. 
Over his shoulder his sword he slung : its hilt was of silver, 
Studded with golden stars, and a silver scabbard enclosed it, (30) 

Fitted with golden rings, whence it hung by a baldric suspended. 
Next his protecting shield he raised, resplendent and gorgeous, 
Strengthened with tenfold brass round its mighty orb. On its convex 
Twice ten bosses arose of pure white tin, and among them, 
Central conspicuous, one, of the dark-blue steel, where a Gorgon 
Frowned, all ghastly and dread to behold; and round it were 

sculptured 
Shuddering Terror and headlong Flight, Defeat and Confusion. 
This, at his back when slung, by a chain was supported of silver 
Bright, with a serpent of steel entwined. Three heads of the monster 
Hissing three diverse ways, in a single neck were united. (40) 

Then on his head his helm embossed he placed, four-crested, 
Horse-tail crown'd : right fearfully nodded the crests from above it. 
Lastly two mighty spears he grasped : with bronze were they pointed, 
Sharp ; from whose gleaming blades bright sunbeams back into aether 
Flashed. Loud thund'ring, Athena and Hera looked down with 

approval, 
Joying in arms to behold the sov'reign of wealthy Mycenae. 

Now to each charioteer the command was issued, to muster 
All their cars in the rear at the trench, and range them in order. 
Leaders and foll'wers advanced on foot, full armed; and an uproar 
Wild, unceasing, arose as they took their ground in the twilight, (50) 
Forming in line before the trench, in advance of the chariots. 
These came slowly behind in array. By Kromon excited, 
Burst from the host a tumultuous shout. Then down from the aether, 
Torn by their cry, red drops of blood came show'ring upon them, 
Dreadfully shadowing forth the fate of many a warrior. 



Book XL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 219 

Not less alert, on a slope o'erlooking the plain, were the Trojans 
Gathered round mighty Hector, Polydamas, noble and stainless, 
Great iEneas, in Troy as a god respected and honoured; 
Polybus too, and Agenor divine, and, the youngest among them, 
Acamas — godlike men, the three brave sons of Antenor, (60) 

Hector upreared in the van the smooth round orb of his buckler, 
But like the baleful star now blazing forth in its glory, 
Bright'ning the skies, now plunging in clouds and lost in their 

darkness, 
Thus might the hero be seen; conspicuous now with the foremost, 
Now disappearing, mixed with the rearward ranks ; giving orders ; 
Flashing, all brass, now here, now there, like the lightnings of heaven. 

As when reapers in bands opposed, advance on the harvest, 
Where in some rich man's field the corn stands thick; to their sickles 
Down falls the plenteous swathe, and armful is heaped upon armful : 
Thus did the Trojans and thus the Greeks, in mutual slaughter (70) 
Mow down each other's ranks. None thought of flight or of yielding, 
Equal they lifted their heads in the fight, and rushed on each other 
Wolf-like. Eris looked on exulting, a?id stalked through the carnage 
Sole; in the strife alone of the Gods permitted to mingle. 
None of the bright celestial host were there, but inactive 
Sitting (so Zeus decided), each god kept close in the palace 
Built for his use by Hephastus' art on the heights of Olympus. 
Murm'ring they sate and accused the partial will of Kronfon, 
Grudging the glory his high decree for the Trojans had destined. 
Nought recked he of their murmurs. Alone, superior, and awful, (80) 
Wide remote from them all, enthroned he sate in his glory, 
Viewing beneath him the Trojan tow'rs and the ships of the Grecians, 
Marking the flash of their arms on the field; the slain, and the 

slayers. 
Now, while the sacred day advanced, and the light was increasing, 
Fell their blows with equal effect, and alike was the slaughter. 
But when the hour had arrived, when the woodman pauses from 

labour 
In the deep mountain dell, and prepares his meal; when with felling 
Many a lofty tree his arms wax faint; with approval 



220 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XI. 

Scanning his morning's work he bethinks him of rest and refreshment; 
Then, with a mighty cheer, and united rush, did the Grecians (90) 
Break through their foemen's line with resistless force. Agamemnon 
First rushed on, and Bienor, the shepherd and guide of his people, 
Smote, and Oileus, his faithful attendant who guided their horses. 
Forth from his chariot springing Bienor advanced, but Atreides 
Met him as on he rushed, and deep in his forehead his jav'lin 
Fixed. His vizor in vain resisted the force of the weapon, 
Heavy with bronze. Through that and the bone it went, and com- 
mingled 
Blood with his brains. Thus fell the first who opposed Agamemnon. 

These on the ground he left, in the throes of death, with their bosoms 
Bare, and exposed to the gaze of all, for he stripped off their 
armour. ( I0 °) 

Then upon Isus he rushed, and Antiphus, eager to slay them 
Both in one chariot, Priam's sons ; one, offspring of wedlock ; 
One of unsanctioned love; and to him the reins were entrusted. 
Antiphus wielded the spear and shield. By godlike Achilles 
Both had been seized and with osier bands in the passes of Ida 
Bound, where their flocks they tended, and both were released upon 

ransom,- 
Destined to fall by the hand of Atreus' son Agamemnon. 
Isus he pierced with his spear through the breast and hurled from the 

chariot; 
Keen, beneath Antiphus' ear fell the side-long sweep <?/"his falchion. 
Both he despoiled of their arms. Then first their features per- 
ceiving ( IIQ ) 
Well he remembered both to have seen, when down to the vessels 
Captives they came from Ida's heights in the train of Achilles. 
As when a lion, invading their peaceful lair in the forest, 
Seizes two trembling fawns in his murderous fangs and devours them, 
Crushing the life from their tender hearts in the sight of their mother: 
She, although close at hand, can help them nought, but with anguish 
Stricken, and wild with affright breaks forth, nor stays to behold them 
Perish, but swift through bushes and tangled glades of the woodland 
Flies, all trembling and sweat-bedewed, from the rage of the monster : 



Book XL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 221 

Powerless thus to avert their comrades' fate, and in terror ( I2 °) 

Each for himself, the Trojans fled from the wrath of the Argives. 
Next, Pisander he smote, and Hippolochus fearless in combat. 
These were Antimachus' sons, a brave but profligate noble, 
Whom with rich gifts and gold Alexandras bribed, and persuaded 
Great Menelaiis' claim to oppose, when his wife he demanded. 
These, his sons, Agamemnon encountered, both in one chariot 
Borne, and practised alike to fight or govern their horses. 
Soon as Atreides they saw like a lion rushing upon them, 
Lance uplifted, bewildered, the reins they dropped, and the coursers 
Reared: then with terror struck on their knees they fell and besought 
him : ( x 3°) 

"Spare our lives! O Atreides, and take the ransom we offer. 
Untold wealth in Antimachus' house lies stored. In abundance 
Gold he possesses, and brass, and steel, well tempered and burnished. 
All he hath, without stint, will he lay at thy feet for our ransom, 
Soon as he hears that his sons survive at the ships of the Grecians." 
Suppliant thus, and in tears they besought the king, and in accents 
Gentle their prayer preferred. An ungentle speech was their answer: ' 
"If from Antimachus' loins ye spring, that wretch, who in council 
Dared to propose to the Trojans the murder of brave Menelaiis, 
When with divine Odysseus in sacred guise of an envoy ( I 4°) 

Llion's gates, with assurance of safe return, he had entered, 
Die! for your father's monstrous crime this day shall ye suffer." 

Thus he spake, and Pisander at once he hurled from his chariot, 
Pierced through the heart supine he fell and his spirit forsook him. 
Then from the car Hippolochus sprang. But the sword of Atreides 
Reached him, and lopped his hands, and severed his neck; and the 

victor 
Rolled, like a bowl, the bleeding head in the midst of the Trojans. 
Then to the thick of the fray rushed on, where the struggle was 

fiercest, 
Densest the ranks of the foe : and the Argives followed their leader. 
Forthwith commenced a headlong rout, where footman by foot- 
man ( x 5°) 
Perished, and horse by horse. Loud clashed their arms, and to heaven 



222 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XI. 

Mounted the dust from thousands of thund'ring hoofs. Agamemnon, 
Hewing his way through the flying ranks, pressed on, and, unceasing, 
Cheered on the Greeks to the race, and dealt destruction around him. 
As when the flames invade some dense, impassable forest, 
Rolling along with the eddying wind they spread, and the branches, 
Trunks and roots in a mingled and blazing mass are confounded : 
Thus, before Atreus' son swept down, lay the ranks of the Trojans: 
Prostrate forms and helmed heads. Steeds, guideless and frantic, 
Whirled through the gaps of the battle their empty cars, to the 

breezes ( I ^°) 

Tossing their floating manes ; while the riders, trampled behind them, 
Strewed the plain; to their wives less pleasing by far than to vultures. 
Hector had Zeus withdrawn from the crush and dust of the conflict, 
Out of the reach of the weapons, the slaughter, the blood, and the 

tumult, 
While Agamemnon pursued and called on the Argives to follow. 

Thus the discomfited host by the tomb of Dardanian Ilus, 
Where the wild fig-tree stands in the midst of the plain, in confusion 
Swept, pushing on for the town. Agamemnon, shouting behind them, 
Followed them close, his hands imbrued with the blood of his foemen : 
These, when the Scsean gate they at length had reached, and the 

beech-tree, (M°) 

Panting and breathless, halted awhile and awaited their comrades, 
Who through the midst of the plain from Atreides fled, like the 

frighted 
Kine, which, in darkling hour of their ev'ning milking, a lion 
Scares. All fly in dismay. One, luckless, escapes not destruction. 
Her with his fangs he seizes, and breaks her neck, and resistless 
Tears her down, and laps her blood, and gorges her entrails. 
Thus did Atreides rush on the flying host of the Trojans, 
Slaughtering even the hindmost, and thus were they scattered before 

him. 
Prone from his car was hurled full many a warrior, or backward 
Dragged, lay supine, by Atreides slain in advance of the Grecians. (180) 
But when at length he approached the lofty walls of the city, 
Then from his thro?ie uprose the father of Gods and of mortals, 



Book XL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 223 

Down from Olympus he came and on Ida's summit alighted, 
Streaming with rills ; there sate, his right hand grasping the lightning : 
Iris the golden wing'd then summoned and charged with a message : 

"Hie thee away, swift Iris! this message deliver to Hector, 
While he shall see Agamemnon, the shepherd and guide of his people 
Raging in front of the battle, and thinning the ranks of the Trojans, 
So long bid him withdraw; but exhort the rest of his army 
Bravely to fight, and maintain their ground in the dubious conflict. (190) 
Soon as, however, by spear transfixed, or struck by an arrow, 
Wounded he mounts his car, then strength will I pour into Hector 
Onward to rush and slay, and to drive the Greeks to their vessels, 
Ev'n till the sun shall set and sacred night shall involve them." 

Thus he spake; nor did wind-swift Iris pause for a moment: 
Down tow'rds Ilion's holy walls from Ida she darted. 
Hector she found, great Priamus' godlike son, mid the Trojans 
Stationed; around him a close-wedgd throng of horses and chariots. 
Close to his car approaching, the swift-wing'd Goddess addressed 

him: 
"Hector! the noble Priamus' son, Jove's rival in counsel, (200) 
Hear the command our father Zeus hath bid me deliver! 
While thou shalt see Agamemnon, the shepherd and guide of his 

people, 
Raging in front of the battle, and thinning the ranks of the Trojans, 
So long fight thou not ; but exhort the rest of thy army 
Bravely to war and maintain their ground in the dubious conflict. 
Soon as, however, by spear transfixed, or struck by an arrow, 
Wounded he mounts his car, then strength will he grant thee and 

valour 
Onward to rush and slay, and drive the Greeks to their vessels, 
Ev'n till the sun shall set, and the sacred night shall involve them." 

Thus, her message delivered, the swift-wing'd Iris departed. (210) 
Hector, armed as he was, to the ground sprang down from his chariot. 
Brandishing two sharp spears he passed through the ranks of the 

Trojans, 
Rousing their flagging fire, and inflaming their zeal for the combat. 
Quickly they rallied and turned, once more confronting the Grecians. 



224 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XL 

These, on their part, re-formed their line, and strengthened their 

phalanx. 
Thus was the battle restored, and opposed they stood. Agamemnon 
Foremost of all rushed on, for he burned to be first in the conflict. 

Tell me, ye Muses! ye who the halls of Olympus inhabit, 
Who of the Trojan host or their brave allies was the foremost 
In the fresh-kindled fight Agamemnon's might to encounter. (220) 
Tall in stature and brave, Iphidamas, son of Antenor, 
First advanced. In Thrace, rich mother of flocks and of harvests, 
Cisseus had reared him, the sire of fair Theano his mother, 
Ev'n from his infant years, and nursed with care in his palace; 
And when arrived at the fulness of blooming youth he detained him 
Still, for he loved him dearly, and gave him a daughter in marriage, 
Thence, on the rumour of war with Greece, betroth'd but unwedded : 
Sailed he with twelve tall ships and a goodly train of his foll'wers, 
And to Percote came, there left his ships and to Ilion ( 22 9) 

Marched, disembarked, on foot, and joined the ranks of the Trojans : 
Such was the youthful chief who first Agamemnon encountered. 
Thus then, nearing each other, when now small space was between 

them, 
First Agamemnon aimed his spear, but wand'ring, it missed him. 
Then did Iphidamas put forth his strength, and thrust with his jav'lin 
Under the breastplate, full on the belt, still driving it onwards. 
Stoutly the belt resisted. The brazen point of the weapon 
Bent, like lead, on its silver plates,, and forced not an entry. 
Then Agamemnon, enraged, with his left hand seizing the jav'lin 
Wrenched it away with a lion's force from the grasp of his foeman, 
While with his sword a deadly blow on his neck he inflicted : (240) 
Thus, by too sad a fate o'erta'en, while aiding his country, 
Slept the young hero that brazen sleep which knows not a waking. 
Far from his virgin bride, unwed, but with many a present 
Wooed and won. First gave he a hundred beeves; then a thousand 
Sheep and goats from the countless flocks in his pastures he promised. 
Stripped of his beauteous arms he lay. Agamemnon, exulting, 
Tore them away, and was bearing them off to the host of the Grecians : 
This when Coon perceived, the illustrious son of Antenor, 



Book XL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. ' 225 

Eldest son of his sire, then a cloud of grief and of anguish 
Shadowed his eyes, to behold his brother slain; and unnoticed (250) 
While Agamemnon passed, stood back, and lifting his jav'lin 
Pierced through his arm, just under the elbow-joint; and the weapon, 
Driv'n right through, protruded its glittering point. Agamemnon 
Started with pain and alarm, but desisted not, nor an instant 
Paused in his fierce career of destructive war and of battle. 
Round on Coon he turned, and upon him rushed with his jav'lin, 
Nursling of storms. He already had grasped the foot of his brother, 
Dragging him back, and shouting to all who were brave to assist him. 
Him while his bossy shield o'er the corpse he spread, Agamemnon 
Pierced with his glittering lance, and his strength and spirit forsook 

him. (260) 

Prone on Iphidamas sinking, his head was lopped by the victor. 
Thus by Atreides' arm, these two brave sons of Antenor, 
Joined in a common doom, descended together to Hades. 

Now, so long as the blood welled warm from his wound, Agamemnon 
Raged through the field, and with lance, with sword, with ponderous 

fragments 
Torn from the rock-strewed plain crushed down the ranks of the 

Trojans. 
But when the blood-flow ceased, and the wound contracted and 

stiffened, 
Agony shot through the frame, and subdued the strength of the monarch. 
Pangs like those which women invade in the hour of their travail, 
Bitter and keen, from th' Ilithyae's stores, presiding o'er child-birth, 
Daughters of Hera, severely kind, who relieve by afflicting. ( 2 7*) 

Not less piercing the pangs which subdued the strength of Atreides. 
Into his chariot he sprang, and the charioteer he commanded 
Swiftly to drive to the hollow ships, for his soul was in torment; 
While to the Greeks, in departing, thus he shrieked forth his orders : 
"Friends and leaders of Greece, ye chiefs of experience in council! 
Yours be the task to defend us and save our fleet from destruction, 
Baffling each hostile attempt: since Zeus no longer allows me 
Here to remain, and this day's fight conduct to its issue." 
Thus he spake. Then sounded the lash, and forth flew the horses, (280) 



'5 



226 • THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XL 

Urging their course with right good will to the ships of the Grecians. 
White were their chests with foam and begrimed with dust which 

beneath them 
Rose in a cloud, as they hurried the wounded prince from the battle. 

Hector beheld from his car with joy the retreat of Atreides, 
Then with a shout exhorted the Trojan and Lycian warriors : 
"Lycians! Trojans! and all ye brave Dardanian spearmen! 
Shew yourselves men, my friends! and be mindful of prowess and 

honour. 
See where he flies — our bravest foe! Now Zeus will award me 
Praise and enduring renown ! Up ! put your steeds on their mettle, 
Charge on these stubborn Greeks : and immortal gloryawaits you." (29c) 

Thus he spake, in each bosom a martial ardour inspiring. 
Like as a hunter, who cheers on his white-fang'd hounds, when 

assailing 
Some fierce lion or rough wild boar in the depths of the forest. 
So did the son of Priam, in might like death-dealing Ares, 
Cheer on, against the Greeks, the magnanimous warriors of Troia. 
Foremost himself in their ranks, and filled with assurance of conquest, 
Down on the- battle he poured with a whirlwind's force, which 

descending 
Sweeps o'er the dark blue sea and chases its billows before it. 

Whom now first, whom last did the godlike offspring of Priam, 
Honoured that day by Zeus supreme, strike down in the combat? (300) 
First Assaeus he slew; Autonous next, and Opites, 
Dolops, Clytis' son, and Opheltius; — then Agelaiis. 
Oros, ^Esymnus, Hipponous fell — all chiefs of distinction, 
Known as the flow V of the Argive host: then numberless others, 
Vulgar of birth, unknown to fame. As the blast of the Zephyr 
Hurries along the clouds of the stormy south, when the tempest 
Rises in squalls : the swol'n waves roll, and the crests of the billows, 
Torn by the drifting blast, fly scattered in foam on the breezes: 
Thus did great Hector sweep o'er the crests of all who opposed him. 

Then had destruction been sure, irremediable ill been ac- 
complished, (3 1 o) 
Then had the Greeks to their ships in defeat and slaughter been driven, 



Book XL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 227 

Had not Odysseus, the danger perceiving, exhorted Tydeides: 
"Why, O Tydeides, forget we thus our prowess and valour? 
Draw we together, my friend ! and make our stand. How disgraceful 
Were it, should Hector thus destroy the ships of the Grecians." 
Thus he spake, and responded thus the brave Diomedes : 
"Yes! I will stay, and endure to the end : though small the advantage, 
Useless all we can do: since cloud-compelling Kronfon 
Sides with our Trojan foes, and withdraws his support from the 

Argives." 
Speaking thus, Thymbraeus at once he struck from his chariot; (320) 
Pierced through the heart with his spear on the ground he rolled : and 

Odysseus 
Molion slew, his charioteer and valiant attendant. 
These, their career of war cut short, to the birds they relinquished ; 
Carrying dismay and confusion then plunged in the thick of the Trojans, 
Like two boars which savagely turn on the dogs that pursue them. 
Turning thus, they raged through the ranks of the foe, and the Grecians 
Breathed, and a respite enjoyed in their flight from the terrors of Hector. 
Next on a chariot they came which the noblest warriors of Troia 
Bore; two sons of Percosian Merops; best among augurs, 
Skilled in prophetic lore. He had warned his sons, and forbid them 
Ever to mix in destructive war. In vain: for their valour (331) 
Urged them to disobey ; and death's dark spell was upon them. 
Both by the mighty spear of Tydeus' son, Diomedes, 
Lifeless were stretched, and their splendid spoils were the prize of the 

victor. 
Those of Hippodamus brave and Hypeirochus fell to Odysseus. 

Thus war's equal strain great Zeus on the Greeks and the Trojans 
Laid, and from Ida's height he viewed them destroying each other. 
Now Diomedes Agastrophus smote with his spear on the hip-bone, 
Paeon's heroic son. In vain he fled, for his chariot 
Stood not at hand his escape to aid. Despising precaution, 
Far in the rear had he left his car in charge; to the combat 
Marching on foot in the foremost ranks, and his life was the forfeit. 
Hector observed, as he darted his piercing glance through the 

squadrons; 



15—2 



228 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XI. 

Shouting he rushed to the spot with a compact mass of his Trojans. 
Brave as he was, some tremor through Diomede ran, and Odysseus 
Near him perceiving, thus he bespoke his friend and companion : 
"Rolling upon us it comes — this ruin! This terrible Hector! 
Now stand firm ! Here keep we our ground, and, awaiting, repel him." 
Thus he spake, and poising his long-forth-shadowing jav'lin 
Hurled it aloft. It missed not its mark, but down on his helmet (350) 
Struck, near the crest; but its blunted point from the brass of the helmet 
Glanced, nor his fair skin pierced : for the casque, the gift of Apollo, 
Threefold and peaked in form, turned off the brunt of the weapon. 
Hector retired, and far in the distance mixed with the Trojans : 
Down on his knee then dropped, and his strong hand barely supported, 
Pressed on the ground, his weight; and his sight was blotted with 

darkness. 
Yet, while Tydeides followed his glancing spear through the combat 
Far in the press, where fixed in the earth it stood, and regained it, 
Hector recovered his breath and arose; then sprang to his chariot, 
Hurried away, and was lost in the crowd, escaping destruction. (360) 
Threat'ning then with his spear thus shouted brave Diomedes: 
"Dog! Thou hast had a near escape from death. To thy rescue 
Phoebus Apollo has come once more : the pow'r thou invokest 
Ever when danger is nigh and the clash of spears is around thee. 
But should we meet again, that hour is thy last. I will end thee, 
If but one friendly pow'r assist the arms of Tydeides. 
Fly then I my conqu'ring spear shall find some other employment." 

Thus he spake; then bent over Paeon's son to despoil him. 
This Alexander perceiving, the fair-haired Helena's husband, 
Where at the tomb of that ancient chief Dardanian Ilus, (370) 

Leaning against a column he stood concealed, on Tydeides 
Bent with deliberate aim his bow. While the hero was stripping 
From the dead warrior's bosom the corslet, the shield from his 

shoulders, 
And from his head the pond'rous casque, he strained on the bowstring ; 
Shot; (nor in vain flew the shaft from the firaclised hand of the archer ;) 
And his right foot transfixed. Straight through went the arrow, and 

nailed it 



Book XL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 229 

Fast to the earth beneath. Then merrily laughed Alexandros ; 
Forth from his ambush sprang, and exultingly called to Tydeides : 
"Ha! thou art hit. Not vain hath been the flight of my arrow. [380] 
Would it had pierced thy heart and ta'en thy life; that the Trojans (380) 
Freely might breathe, from the terror relieved with which they behold 

thee 
Shudd'ring, as bleating goats behold some ravaging lion." 

Then Diomedes, nought dismayed, this answer returned him; 
"Archer! reviler! curl-bedecked, seducer of maidens! 
Hand against hand would'st thou try thy strength, and meet me in 

armour, 
Little thy twanging bow should avail, or thy bundle of arrows. 
Grand is thy triumph, forsooth I to have grazed my foot with thy 

weapon, 
Which I no more regard than a woman's scratch, or an infant's. 
Light is the dart that flies from a hand so feeble and worthless. [390] 
Not so where mine alights. Its touch is death, and the message (390) 
Piercing and sharp which it bears. What foe soever receives it, 
Furrowed with tears are his widow's cheeks, and his children are 

orphans. 
There, where the crimsoned plain proclaims the fate which has 

reached him, 
Outcast and rotting he lies: more birds than women around him." [395] 
Thus, indignant, he spake: but Odysseus quickly approaching (395) 
Took up his ground in front to protecl his friend, who behind him 
Seated, and bending him down, released his foot, and the arrow 
Tore from the wound, and dire was the pang that ensued as he 

wrenched it. 
So to his car he sprang, and the charioteer he commanded 
Swiftly to drive to the hollow ships; for his soul was in torment. (400) 
Now was Odysseus abandoned. No Greek remained to support 

him, 
Fear had dispersed them all, and the Trojans were closing upon him. 
Inly disturbed, he spake, with his own brave spirit communing : 
"Sore indeed am I now bested. To fly were disgraceful, 
Scared by a crowd. To be set on alone were a desperate hazard, 



2 3 o THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XL 

Now that the Greeks with fear by Zeus inspired, have retreated. 
Yet what need of debate? What room for doubt or for question? 
This I know, that none but a coward retires from a battle. 
Whoso will shew himself brave must maintain his post, and unshrinking 
Stand to the last, regardless of death received or inflicted." (410) 

Thus while he stood, collecli7ig his stre?igth and inly debating, 
Closing upon him on all sides thronged the ranks of the Trojans, 
Circling him in, and enclosing their own destruction amidst them. 
As when the dogs, cheered on by youthful and vigorous hunters, 
Close round a bristly boar roused up from the depth of the thicket; 
Sharp'ning his tusks in his crooked jaws he stands and defies them. 
Round him they crowd, and a snapping of teeth is heard, but the 

boldest 
Holds aloof and awaits the rush of the terrible savage. 
Thus round Odysseus, belov'd of Zeus, were gathered the Trojans. 
On he rushed, and first on the blameless Dei'opites (420) 

Springing, he drove his spear o'er the rim of his shield through his 

shoulder : 
Thoon then met his fate, then valiant Ennomus perished. 
Then Chersidamas. Him he smote as he leaped from his chariot. 
Under his bossy shield through the navel he pierced him; and 

prostrate 
Clutching the dust in his hollow grasp he fell and expired. 

These neglecting, Charops next he pierced with his jav'lin, 
Hippasus' son; of nolle birth: own brother to Socus. 
Socus of godlike feature and form, who ran to protect him, 
All too late ! Coming close to Odysseus thus he bespake him : 
"Noble Odysseus! famed alike for cunning and valour, (43°) 

One and another of Hippasus' sons this day must thou conquer; 
Two such heroes as him thou hast slain, must despoil of their armour, 
Or by my spear subdued, thyself must yield to destruction." 
Ending, his spear he hurled at the smooth round shield of Odysseus, 
Thoro' the shining orb it forced its impetuous passage, 
Then through the corslet rich its course pursued, and descending, 
All the skin from his side tore off; but Pallas Athene 
Turned its point, and suffered it not to pierce to his entrails. 



Book XL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 231 

This when Odysseus felt, his wound not mortal perceiving, 

Back some steps he recoiled, and frowning on Socus, addressed 

him : (440) 

"Wretch! thine hour is at hand, and swift destruction awaits thee. 
What though perchance this day I shall fight no more with the 

Trojans, 
Yet, be assured, thy doom is sealed. Black death on thy footsteps 
Follows, pursuing thee dose. By this lance shalt thou perish, securing 
Triumph for me; for thyself the downward path unto Hades." 

Thus he spake : and Socus had now no thought but of safety, 
But as he turned him to flight, the spear through his back found a 

passage, 
Ent'ring between his shoulders, and issuing forth at his bosom. 
Down he fell with a crash. Then Odysseus shouted in triumph: 
"Socus! great Hippasus' son, that fierce subduer of horses, (450) 
Death hath cut short thy career and made an end of thy warfare. 
Wretch ! o'er whom, as thou liest, no mother revered and no father 
Bending, shall close thy dying eyes, but ravenous vultures 
Flapping their wings obscene, to tear thy flesh shall assemble: 
While over me shall a costly tomb be raised by the Grecians." 

Thus he spake, and first from his flesh the jav'lin of Socus 
Drew, and its shaft disengaged from his bossy shield, while in torrents 
Welled from the wound his blood, and bitter and sharp were his 

torments. 
Forthwith the Troian host, when they saw the blood of Odysseus, 
One encouraged another, and closed in crowds round the hero. (460) 
Back some steps he retreated and called for aid to his comrades. 
Thrice did he shout amain, with a mighty shout, which to utter 
Hardly might mortal voice suffice. Thrice heard Menelaiis 
Where, supported by Aias he kept his ground, and addressed him: 
"Aias! Telamon's son! Jove nurtured! chief of thy nation! 
Heard 'st thou that shout? 'Tis Odysseus, in sore distress whom the 

Trojans 
Doubtless surround, and are pressing upon him alone and unaided, 
All retreat intercepting, and bearing him down in the tumult. 
Up! Let us pierce the throng between, and fly to his rescue. 



232 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XI. 

Grievous it were, a misfortune to Greece, if abandoned and help- 
less (470) 
One so brave and so great should fall by the hands of the Trojans." 

Speaking thus, he set forth, by Aias followed, and quickly 
Came, where Odysseus they found, beloved of Zeus; and about him 
Crowding the Troian host: like tawny jackals surrounding 
Some broad-antlered stag in a mountain pass, which the hunter 
Aiming from far with a dart has struck. He turns and escapes him, 
Flying, so long as his blood runs warm and his limbs can support him. 
But when the shaft has subdued his fainting strength, and he totters 
Feebly, the hungry pack flocks eagerly round to devour him 
In the deep thicket's shade. Then chance brings a lion upon 
them (480) 

Raging. — Away they fly, and the prey remains to the stronger. 
Thus round Odysseus, the brave and the sage, were gathered the 

Trojans, 
Many and strong. But with shield, and with lance protended, the hero 
Kept them at bay and deferred the cruel fate he expected. 
Up came Aias, his ample shield like a tower advancing. 
Close at his side he stood and the Trojans were scattered in terror, 
While Menelaiis with friendly hand the hero sustaining, 
Led him away from the press, and awaited his chariot's arrival. 
Aias pursued the flying rout ; and first on Dorycles 
Lighted his spear, one of Priam's sons : then Pandocus followed, (49c) 
Stretched with the slain, and Lysander, and Pyrasus brave, and 

Pylartes. 
As when a wintry flood comes foaming down from the mountains 
Swoll'n with incessant rain by Zeus poured down; through the 

meadows, 
Oaks uprooted and pines it rolls along, and resistless 
Hurries them on, a shattered and mingled wreck, to the ocean: 
Thus swept the might of Aias before him the rout of the Trojans, 
Slaying both horse and man. But the sound of the tumult to Hector 
Reached not; who far away to the left on the banks of Scamander 
Led the assault; where thickest fell the heads of the heroes, 
Where the tumultuous roar of war raged loudest and fiercest, (500) 



Book XL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 233 

Where round Idomeneus bold and Nestor the Greeks were collected. 
Mixed up with these great Hector fought, and wonders accomplished; 
Car-borne, he dashed with his mighty spear through the ranks of their 

warriors, 
Wasting the flow'r of their youth. Yet not for this had they yielded, 
But that the youthful archer, the fair-haired Helena's husband, 
Aiming a three-barbed shaft from his bow at the valiant Machaon, 
Pierced his right shoulder through, and his deeds of prowess arrested. 
Shuddered the Greeks, though their bosoms with high-wrought courage 

were panting, 
Dreading the loss of one so prized, should the fight go against them. 
Then did Idomeneus thus exhort Gerenian Nestor: (5!°) 

"Nestor! Neleus' son, thou pride and boast of the Grecians! 
Quick! my chariot ascend, and place Machaon beside thee. 
Carry him off to the ships at the utmost speed of thy horses. 
More than a host of men is a sage physician among us, 
Skilled to extract the barbed dart, and cure us with ointments." 
Thus he spake, and Nestor prepared at once to obey him, 
Up on his car he sprang; and forthwith mounted beside him 
Great Machaon, that noble physician, Asclepias' offspring. 
Sounded the clanging lash, and the horses flew, unreluctant, 
Skimming the plain to the hollow ships, as longing to reach them. (520) 

Sitting beside great Hector, Cebriones saw that confusion 
Reigned, afar, in the Trojan ranks, and called his attention: 
"Hector! Here, on the skirts of the fight, mixed up with the Grecians 
Waste we our time; while all is at stake elsewhere, and the Trojans 
There, on the right, man and horse, in wild confusion are driven. 
Great Telamonian Aias is routing them. Well do I know him 
By the broad shield he bears, on his shoulder braced. Let us hasten 
Thither, where horseman and foot intermixed in utter confusion, 
Slaughter each other at random, and wildest rages the uproar. 
Thither direct we our steeds and car. There most thou art needed." (530) 

Thus he spake, and the fair-maned steeds at once he excited 
With the sharp-clanging thong; and they felt the stroke, and they 

bounded, 
Hurrying along the car through the thick of the Trojans and Argives; 



234 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XI. 

Trampling on shields and spurning the dead. With blood was the axle 
Dripping beneath, distained; and the beauteous rim of the chariot 
Spattered with drops, dashed up from the stamping hoofs of the horses, 
And from the tires of the whirling wheels. Thus onward he hurried, 
Eager to pierce the fighting throng, and to slay. 'JMong the Grecians 
Terror he scattered, and rout; nor spared he his spear in the struggle. 
Rushing amain, with sword, with spear, and with ponderous frag- 
ments (54°) 
Torn from the plain, through the vulgar crowd he broke and dispersed 

them. 
Aias however, himself, great Telamon's son, he avoided. 

Zeus howbeit, from his throne on high, struck Aias with panic. 
Standing amazed, behind him he cast his seven-fold buckler 
Bent on retreat, and eyeing, like some wild beast, his pursuers. 
Often he turned him, foot behind foot reluctantly dragging. 
As when the dogs and rustics rude, round the stalls of their oxen 
Keeping their nightly watch, drive off some furious lion, 
Suffering not their fatted kine to be seized by the savage; 
Rav'nous for food with repeated assaults he rushes upon them, (550) 
Eagerly longing to tear their flesh: in vain; for their jav'lins 
Darted by strong and daring hands come thick, and the faggots 
Blazing are tossed, which he dreads, in the height of his rage to 

encounter. 
Baffled and growling, at early dawn his attempt he abandons. 
Aias thus drew back and relinquished the field to the Trojans 
Sorely against his will, for he feared for the ships of the Grecians. 
As when a stubborn ass, in despite of the boys to a cornfield 
Making his way (on his sides though many a stick has been broken), 
Browses the standing crop; the boys though feeble beset him, (559) 
Batt'ring his hide with resounding blows; till roused to exertion 
(After a plenteous meal), at length he quits the enclosure. 
Thus did the Trojans bold and the hosts far summoned to aid them 
Harass the slow retreat of the great Telamonian Aias, 
Bristling with darts and spears the broad expanse of his buckler. 
Oft did he halt and indignant turn, recollecting his valour, 
Facing about on his foes, and charging the ranks of the Trojans; 



Book XL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 235 

Then, as despairing of conquest, resumed his retreat, but impeding 
Still the Trojans' advance on the Grecian ships; interposing 
Still his unconquered strength to repress the rush of the victors. 
Show'ring around him the spears fell thick, by the hands of 

assailants (57°) 

Num'rous and strong dispatched. Some reached, but pierced not, his 

buckler; 
More, falling short, midway in the ground stood fixed, disappointed, 
Thirsting for blood, and longing to tear the flesh of a foeman. 
Him by such whelming odds opprest, when the son of Evaemon, 
Noble Eurypylus, saw, and the darts fast falling around him, 
Forward he rushed and beside him stood : then, aiming his jav'lin, 
Phausias' son, Apisaon, the shepherd and guide of his people, 
Struck through the liver beneath his waist, cutting short his existence. 
On the conqueror sprang, and was stripping the arms from his 

shoulders ; 
Him Alexander perceived, the godlike in form and in feature, (580) 
Stooping, unguarded, exposed, fit mark for the shaft of an archer. 
Taking his aim, his bow he drew, and Eurypylus wounded 
In the right thigh. The shaft broke short, and severe was the torment. 
Back to his comrades retreating at once, his fate he avoided. 
Shouting amain as he went, and thus exhorted the Grecians : 
"Friends and heroes of Greece! Her leaders in war and in council! 
Rally and make a stand, and save, if you can, from destruction 
Aias, who fights o'erwhelmed with spears ; and, by numbers surrounded, 
Hardly, methinks, will escape. Up! Greeks, and rescue your comrade. 
Stand round the mighty Aias, the great Telamonian hero." (590) 
Thus exhorted the wounded Eurypylus. All, when they heard him, 
Turned them from flight and formed in line; their shields to their 

shoulders 
Slanted, their spears advanced. At length came Aias and joined them, 
Joyfully falling in with the ranks of his friends and companions. 
Then, like a fire fresh fed and rekindled, blazed forth the battle. 

Now to the ships upon Nestor's car, the Neleian horses 
Panting had borne Machaon, the shepherd and guide of his nation. 
These from the prow of his lofty ship the godlike Achilles 



236 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XI. 



Coming beheld, as he gazed o'er the plain and witnessed the combat ; 
Followed the turns of the fight, and enjoyed the rout of the Grecians: (600) 
Then from the ship to Patroclus called, his friend and companion, 
Who in his tent perceived and obeyed the summons, and stepped forth 
Glorious as Mars. That step was for him the beginning of mischief. 
Thus then, advancing, enquired the valiant son of Meneetius: 
"Why doth Achilles call? What need hath his friend of Patroclus?" 

Thus in his turn replied the swift-pursuing Achilles : 
"Friend most dear to my heart! Illustrious son of Meneetius! 
Soon, methinks, shall I see at my feet these Greeks, for assistance 
Begging, o?i bended knees: so sore the distress that o'erwhelms them. 
Now, however, Patroclus, beloved of Zeus! unto Nestor (610) 

Haste, and enquire what wounded chief he brings from the battle; 
Like Machaon he seemed, Asclepias' son, as he passed me, 
Seen from behind : his form the same; but I saw not his features : 
All too fast was he hurried along by the speed of the horses." 

Thus he spake, and Patroclus, obeying the words of his comrade, 
Wended his way in haste to the tents and ships of the Grecians. 
They meanwhile had reached the tent of Nelei'an Nestor, 
And when at length from their car on the fertile earth they alighted, 
Then from the yoke Eurymedon, Nestor's faithful attendant, (619) 
Loosed the steeds. And the chiefs on the breezy shore of the ocean, 
Facing the cooling wind, dried off the sweat from their garments ; 
Then, to the tent retiring, they took their seats on the couches. 
Fair Hecamede prepared a refreshing draught: (Hecamede, 
Daughter of great Arsinous, Tenedos' Prince, by Achilles 
Captured; for Nestor chos'n from the spoil by acclaim of the Grecians, 
Hon'ring the man amongst them in years unmatched and in wisdom). 
She, having placed before them a polished and beautiful table 
Resting on claws of dark-blue steel, set a basket upon it 
Formed of refulgent bronze, with abundant bread, and beside it, 
Onions (a relish for drink), and the yellow neclar of honey. (630) 
Near them, a gorgeous cup by the king brought thither from Pylos, 
Knosps of gold adorned it on all sides; four were its handles, 
Each of two feeding doves the forms supporting, and modelled 
All of the purest gold : two hollow bases sustained it. 



Book XL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 237 

Not without effort another might lift its weight from the table 
Filled to the brim with wine; though Nestor easily raised it. 
This, on the table duly placed, their beauteous attendant 
Filled with Pramnian wine, spreading goat's-milk cheese o'er the 

surface, 
Strewn from a grater of bronze, and with white meal sprinkled the 

posset. 
All prepared, the wearied chiefs to drink she invited. (640) 

They, when at length their burning thirst was allayed, sate talking 
One to another, cheering their hearts with sociable converse. 
Just then approaching, divine Patroclus appeared at the doorway; 
Him beholding sprang from his seat Gerenian Nestor, 
Grasped his hand and led him within, and pressed to be seated. 
This Patroclus declined, and thus excused his refusal: 
"Noble old friend! persuade me not to sit or to linger, 
Dread, and impatient of all delay is he who hath sent me 
Hither, to ask what wounded chief thou hast saved. But I know it 
Now; for Machaon I see, the shepherd and guide of his people. (650) 
Therefore at once I return, aud my answer bear to Achilles. 
Well thou know'st, illustrious sage ! the man, and his temper, 
Fiery, imputing blame where its very semblance exists not." 

Nestor then, the Gerenian knight, thus sadly responded: 
" What! Can Achilles thus then pity the sons of Achaia 
Whom he beholds with wounds opprest? The distress of our army 
Little indeed he knows : how many, our best and our bravest, 
Stricken with darts and spears in the ships lie wounded a?id groaning ! 
Brave Diomedes, Tydeus' son, lies pierced with an arrow; 
Spear-struck, Odysseus and great Agamemnon's self are disabled ; (660) 
Valiant Eurypylus bears in his thigh the shaft of the Trojan; 
He whom thou seest, whom but now I snatched from the thick of 

the battle, 
From the same bowstring another bears : while heartless Achilles, 
Wrapped in his own proud might, nor regards the Greeks nor 

protects them. 
Will he then wait till our ships, in the Greeks' despite, at their 

moorings 



238 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XI. 



Blaze with the Trojan flames, and till we ourselves, overpowered, 
Perish one after another ? Alas ! that my strength is decaying : 
Not such as once sustained these active and vigorous members ! 
Would I were young once more — that again such force I could 

summon, 
As when that strife arose 'twixt the warriors of Elis and Pylos (670) 
Touching our oxen driv'n; when I, in my turn, in reprisal 
Drove their herds, and their leader, the valiant Itymoneas, 
Son of Hypeirochus, slew, who in Elis dwelt, and his oxen 
Fighting to save, lay stretched at my feet by a stroke of my javlin ; 
Routed, on every side we scattered his army of rustics. 
Rich was the spoil and abundant the prey we swept from their 

country, 
Fifty droves of oxen, as many of sheep were our booty, 
Fifty great herds of swine and of bleating goats : in addition 
Thrice that number of bright-bay steeds we seized in their pastures, 
All of them mares, and many had young foals suckling beneath 

them. (680) 

All we drove to Neleian Pylos, all in the city 
Lodged, ere the close of night : and much was my father delighted 
Young as I was to see me return enriched and triumphant. 
But when the dawn appeared, we sent forth heralds, to summon 
All to attend and stand forth to whom debts were owing in Elis. 
Then did our Pylian chiefs assemble, and make the division 
Fairly : for many and great were th' Epeans' debts to our people. 
Few at that time were the Pylians ; much depressed in their fortunes ; 
Since that in by-gone days the destroying might of Heracles 
Wasted our city's strength, and slaughtered our best and our 

bravest. (690) 

Twelve were the sons of Neleus, a blameless race. But amongst them 
I was the sole survivor. The rest had bled for their country. 
So, der our low estate exulting, the buskined Epeans 
Many a wrong inflicted, and wrought full many an outrage. 
Neleus a drove of oxen and flock of sheep had selected, 
Setting three hundred, the best, apart for himself, with their shepherds. 
This for a mighty debt he seized in payment from Elis. 



Book XL] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



239 



Horses four had he sent with chariots, ever victorious, 
There to contend in the race. The prize proposed was a tripod. 
These did Augeas, king of men, then reigning in Elis, (7°°) 

Seize, and their charioteers dismiss, much grieved and indignant. 
Wroth at the tale they told and the outrage, thus did my father 
Take satisfaction ample and full; and the rest to his people 
Left to divide for themselves, that none might complain of injustice. 
This when accomplished, all through the town was sacrifice offered 
To the immortal Gods. On the third day down came th' Epeans 
All together, in battle array, on foot and in chariots : 
Both the Moliones then for the first time braced on their armour, 
Amor's youthful sons, unskilled in war and its hardships. 

"High on a lofty crag the far Alphaeus o'erlooking (7 IQ ) 

Stands Thryoessa, the out-most town on our Pylian frontier; 
This they beleaguer'd, eagerly longing to take and destroy it. 
All the wide plain had they crossed, and approached the town, 

when Athene 
Down from Olympus came by night and bade us assemble 
Armed, for its rescue. On willing ears of the Pylian nation 
Fell the command. All burned for the fight : but my father 

forbade me 
Then to go forth in arms, and concealed my steeds and my chariot. 
Thinking me still too young, unversed in the practice of warfare. 
Thither however on foot I marched with the cars and the horsemen 
Mingling, not undistinguish'd, for Pallas led me to glory. (720) 

"Where Minyaeia's stream flows down to the ocean, and joins it 
Close to Arene, halted our chariots, and waited for daybreak, 
While from all sides kept pouring in the hosts of our footmen. 
Thence setting forth in complete array, all glittering in armour 
Marched we, and reached by noon the sacred stream of Alphaeus. 
There to almighty Zeus our holiest offerings we rendered; 
Sacrificed then to Alphaeus a bull, a bull to Poseidon, 
And, from the herd, unyoked, to the blue-eyed goddess a heifer. 
Troop by troop where we stood, we consumed our ev'ning provision. 
Each man then lay down in his arms, and slept till the morning, (730) 
Stretched on the river's bank. Meanwhile the valiant Epeans 



240 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XI. 



Formed in array, with elated hopes, the city beleaguered. 
Vainly ! then first they saw what a work of war 'was before them. 
For, when the sun's first beams illumined the earth with their splendour 
Battle we joined ; to Zeus our prayers addressing, and Pallas. 
Foremost of all in that fight between the Epeans and Pylians 
Mulius, a spearman skilled, I slew, and seized on his horses. 
(Mulius, to whom Augeas the king had united in wedlock 
Golden-hair'd Agamede his eldest child, who the virtues 
Knew of each healing plant which the wide Earth yields in its 

bounty). (7 40) 

On he rushed in his might, but soon in the dust had I stretched him, 
Pierced by my brazen spear. Then at once I sprang to his chariot, 
Taking my place in our foremost line. With dismay the Epeans 
Witnessed their noblest hero's fall, the best of their horsemen, 
Bravest of all their chiefs : and they broke, and scattered on all sides. 
Then in pursuit, der the plain I swept like a blackening whirlwind. 
Fifty chariots I took, from each two warriors hurling. 
Biting the ground with their teeth they fell by my conquering jav'lin. 
Then had I slain the Moliones twain, the offspring of Actor, 
But that the dread earth-shaking Father, the mighty Poseidon, (750) 
Saved them, in mist involved, and snatched them away from the 

combat. 
Then did almighty Zeus give valour and might to the Pylians. 
All through that vast and wide-outstretching plain we pursued them, 
Slaught'ring their flying host, and loading ourselves with their trophies. 
Far as Buprasium's fertile fields we pushed on our horses : 
Far as the Olenian crag, and the gentle slope, as Aleisium 
Known. There at length we stopped : for Athena recalled us 

from conquest. 
'Twas by my hand their last man fell. Then back the Achaians 
Drove their triumphant cars from Buprasium's pastures to Pylos. 
Loud rose the praises of Zeus among Gods, among mortals of 

Nestor. (760) 

Such was I, long, long since, among men of renown. But Achilles, 
Proudly conscious of might unused, will deeply repent him, 
Bitterly mourn in tears when unaided the Greeks shall have perished. 



Book XL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 241 



Ah ! my friend ! How well I remember Menoetius' counsels 
Spoken that day when from Phthia he sent thee to join Agamemnon •' 
Both of us, present as guests, myself and noble Odysseus, 
Heard each word that at parting he spake in the palace of Peleus. 
Thither we came when through Greece we passed, collecting her armies, 
And to his royal halls repaired to deliver our mission. 
There that glorious hero we found, thy father Menoetius, (770) 

There thyself and Achilles. That ancient warrior, Peleus, 
Burned unto thundering Zeus a bull's fat thighs in the court-yard 
Open to heart n. There stood he, a golden goblet upraising 
Pouring the dark red wine on the blazing fires of the altar. 
There were ye both in attendance, dividing the flesh. In the gate-way 
Rertrent we stood. In glad surprise sprang forward Achilles 
Grasped our hands, and brought us within, and bade us be seated, 
Welcome affording, and all that pertains to friendly reception. 
Hunger and thirst appeased, I entered at once on our mission, 
Claiming your aid, and exhorting you both to march with our 
armies. (780) 

Joyfully both agreed. Much sage advice did your parents 
Give you. The rev'rend Peleus simply exhorted Achilles 
Aye to be brave, and to take the lead in the ranks of the foremost. 
But unto thee was this weighty and solemn advice by thy father 
Spoken. My son ! Achilles by birth is far thy superior : 
Yet art thou more mature in years. He excels thee in valour, 
Yet may'st thou oft with wise and prudent counsel direct him, 
Point out the path of right, and lead him by virtuous example. 
Such were the old man's words : forgotten alas ! But occasion 
Urges. Yet may'st thou speak the word, and yet may he listen. (790) 
Who shall say, if some God assist, how far thou mayst move him ? 
Welcome are even a friend's reproofs : thrice welcome his precepts. 
But if some oracle dwell on his mind, of terrible import, 
Something by Zeus decreed which his Goddess mother hath told him, 
Then go thou in his place : let him send thee forth with his people, 
All the brave Myrmidon host, to give light and hope to the Grecians ; 
Let him too lend thee his own bright arms to shine forth in the battle 
Like to himself, and the Trojans deceived will shrink from your onset, 



r6 



242 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XL 

Giving a breathing time to the martial sons of Achaia, 
Wearied and overborne, how short soever the respite. (800) 

Fresh as ye are, with ease shall ye drive from our ships and our vessels 
Back to their town a host already exhausted with fighting." 

Thus the sage : and Patroclus' heart was stirred in his bosom. 
Forth he sped on his way through the ships, to return to Achilles. 
But when he came to Odysseus' ships, where the place of assembly 
Lay, and the judgment-seat was erected ; where to th' immortals 
Altars were raised and establish'd rites performed by the Princes, 
There he encountered Eurypylus, high-born son of Evaamon 
Wounded, and painfully dragging with limping gait from the battle, 
Fixed in his thigh, the shaft: while fast from his head and his 
shoulders ( 8l °) 

Ran down his back the sweat. Dark blood from his wound forth 

trickling 
Marked his steps. But his mind was firm a?id his spirit unconquered. 
Pity and grief o'ercame the valiant son of Mencetius, 
Seeing his friend in evil plight, and thus he addressed him : 

"And is it come to this? Ye hapless chiefs of Achaia! 
Thus are ye destined, far away from your friends and your country 
Falling, to glut with your fat the rav'ning dogs of the Trojans? 
Tell me, Eurypylus, now, Jove-nurtured, tell me I pray thee, 
Still do our Greeks resist th' o'erwhelming prowess of Hector? 
Or do they shrink, consumed beneath his withering jav'lin?" (820) 

Thus then Eurypylus, heav'n-inspired, replied to the question: 
"Jove-descended Patroclus! No hope remains for the Grecians, 
Help there is none. On their ships they must soon fall back in 

confusion. 
There already, by spears and by darts disabled, their leaders, 
All the noblest and best of our host, lie wounded and bleeding, 
Under the Trojan attack, whose force each moment increases. 
But do thou, O my friend ! to my ship support, and assist me. 
Cut out this barb from my thigh, and with warm and soothing ablution 
Cleanse the black blood from my wound ; those healing simples applying, 
Which from Achilles, so fame reports, thou hast learned to dis- 
tinguish, (830) 



Book XL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 243 

Taught him by Cheiron himself, the wisest and best of the Centaurs. 
Both our physicians, Machaon and Podalirius, are absent. 
One, I believe, in his tent hard by lies grievously wounded, 
Needing, himself, a wise physician's aid; and the other 
Still presents in the field an unflinching front to the Trojans." 
Thus to his friend responded the valiant son of Mencetius : 
" How will this end ? My brave Eurypylus ! How can I aid thee ? 
Hence must I speed in haste, a message to bear to Achilles, 
Sent by Xestor himself, the guardian and stay of the Grecians ; 
Yet can I not desert thee and leave thee here in thine anguish !" (840) 
Thus he spake, and around his waist embraced and upraised him, 
Bearing him into his tent. There hides were spread by the sen-ants, 
Where having laid him, Patroclus extracted the barb of the arrow, 
Skilfully using his knife ; and with warm and soothing ablution, 
Washed the black blood from the wound. Then a styptic root he 

selected, 
Sovereign all pain to assuage, which he crushed with his hands and 

applied it : 
Instant the bleeding wound closed up, and the anguish abated. 



16 — 2 



THE ILIAD. 

BOOK XII. 



BOOK THE TWELFTH. 



Argument. 



Digression, descriptive of the ultimate destruction of the Greek 
fortificatio?is at a subsequent period. The Trojans adva?tce, with Heclor 
at their head, in pursuit of the Greeks, to the edge of the tre7ichj where 
by the advice of Polydamas they leave their chariots and divide into five 
attacking parties. Asius however retains his chariot and attacks the gate 
defended by the Lapithce. At sight of an omen, Polydamas advises Heclor 
to retreat.- He rejecls the advice, passes the trench {under cover of a dust 
storm) and pushes on to the wall. Sarpedon and Glaucus attempt to 
scale it. Glaucus is wounded by Teucer. Heclor meanwhile arrives 
opposite the gate, which he bursts open by the blow of a huge stone and 
rushes in followed through the gate and over the wall by the whole Trojan 
army, who ptirstte the Greeks to their ships. 



ILIAD. BOOK XII. 



HPHUS in the tents was detained the valiant son of Menoetius, 
"*■ Tending his wounded friend. Meanwhile the Greeks and the 

Trojans 
Fought, in confusion mixed. No more might the trench for protection 
Serve, which the Greeks had dug, nor the rampart broad, that above it 
Frowned, which to guard their ships they had reared. 'Twas built, 

and around it 
Drove they the trench, while yet to the Gods were no hecatombs 

offered, 
Prayers were there none addressed, that a guard it might prove to their 

vessels, 
And to their costly spoil. With adverse Gods was the structure 
Finished. With adverse Gods, no work of man is enduring. 
Therefore, while Hector lived, and Achilles raged ; while to Priam (10) 
Still unsubdued, the sway remained of his city and nation, 
So long only endured that mighty wall of the Grecians. 
But, when the power of Troy was quelled a?id her heroes were 

slaughtered, 
When after ten long years the city lay smoking in ruins, 
When, of the Greeks though many were left, yet many had perished, 
And, to their dear-loved homes the survivors returned in their vessels, 
Then took counsel together Poseidon and Phoebus Apollo, 
And to destroy it resolved. Then brought they the rivers to aid 

them, 



248 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XII. 

All that from Ida's height pour down their streams to the ocean. 
Rhesus, Heptaporus lent their floods, Grenicus and Rhodius, (20) 
Mighty Caresus, Asepus, and holy Scamander assisted, 
Simoi's too, on whose banks the bofies of many a hero 
Mouldered, and men half gods; where shields lay scattered and 

helmets. 
Thither by Phoebus Apollo were all their courses diverted. 
Nine whole days did they beat on the walls : while Zeus from the 

mountains, 
Poured down in ceaseless rains, to wash them away and destroy them, 
Wielding his powerful trident, Poseidon, lord of the earthquake, 
Led the assault, uprooting the strong foundations, and whelming 
Timbers and stones, which the Greeks with toil had piled, in the ocean. 
All on the shores of Hellespont's stream lay levelled and even, (30) 
By the returning sand swept o'er, and buried for ever. 
Thus was the wall demolished. The streams, restored to their 

channels, 
Glided in smooth and peaceful flow, as of old, through the pastures. 
This for later years was reserved, for Poseidon and Phoebus 
Destined. But now the flames of war arid the rage of the battle 
Burned round the strong-built wall ; and the battered beams of its 

turrets, 
Rattled with shafts and stones : while the Greeks cooped up and 

confounded 
Under the scourge of angry Zeus, were huddled together, 
Close round their hollow ships, and shrank from the terrors of Hector, 
Who, in his might, like a wintry storm kept raging around them. (40) 
As when a lion or mountain boar turns round on his hunters, 
Fiercely glaring ; on men and dogs in his fury he rushes : 
Massed together they stand with compacted strength to resist him 
Hurling from strong and praclised hands full many a jav'lin. 
He nor fears nor retreats. The fiery force of his nature 
Drives him on to the fight, though death be the end that awaits him. 
Often he turns and makes a rush; and wherever he rushes 
Back they recede, and break their front, giving way to his fury. 
Thus went Hector careering along through the host in his chariot, 



Book XI I.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 249 

Urging his warriors to leap the trench. In vain : for their horses, (50) 
Trembling, refused the leap. Loud neighing they stood on its margin, 
Pawing the ground, in affright at the yawning gulf. For a chariot 
That were no easy bound; no light adventure its passage. 
Steep down on either side was the precipice scarped, overhanging 
Just at the very verge ; and with sharp palisades, was the bottom 
Thickly and firmly beset, in bristling array ; by the Grecians, 
Planted, to face and repel th'approach of hostile invaders. 
O'er it no car might pass by horses drawn — but the footmen, 
Eagerly longed to attempt the feat, and break through the barrier. 
Thus then Polydamas proffered advice, brave Hector approaching: (60) 

" Heel or ! ye leaders of Troy ! and ye brave confederate chieftains ! 
Madness it were, to attempt yon trench with horses and chariots. 
Steep is the plunge, and lo ! what a range of stakes at the bottom 
Pointed and sharp appear ; and behind is the wall of the Grecians. 
Never can horsemen there descend, nor fight, if descended, 
Wedged in so narrow a space ; where wounds and death would await 

them. 
If 'tis the will of thundering Zeus that the Grecians should perish, 
If he will aid our arms and grant us safety and triumph, 
Welcome indeed were the boon, and would that at once it were 

granted ! 
So shall they fall inglorious, afar from their homes and there country: (70) 
But should they turn, should a sally be made from the ships, on our 

warriors, 
Here in this deep sunk trench, entangled and crowded together, 
Hardly a man of us all, methinks, would escape in the struggle 
Back to the city, to bear the news, from the rallying Grecians. 
Therefore be warned, and let all adopt the advice I shall offer. 
Let our attendants detain at the trench our horses and chariots, 
All of us then on foot, full armed, and closely compacted, 
Follow great Hector's lead : and the Greeks will fly from our onset, 
If, as it seems, destruction at length impend on their army." 

Thus he spake ; and his safe advice was pleasing to Hector. (80) 
Down to the ground at once he sprang full armed from his chariot ; 
Nor did the rest in their cars remain, but dismounting, in order 



250 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XII. 



Formed, and at once rushed on, when they saw the example of Hector. 
Each man his orders gave to his charioteer, in attendance 
Ranged, at the trench's brink to retain his steed and his chariot. 
Breaking then into bands, they formed in line, and in order 
Marched, in five columns distinct, five separate leaders obeying. 
Hector, the first commander, by brave Polydamas aided, 
His was the strongest band, and the bravest ; those who the rampart 
Longed to assault, and bursting through it, to fight at the vessels. (90) 
Third in command, Cebriones marched. To the charge of his chariot 
Hector a younger and less distinguished chief had appointed. 
Paris commanded the next, with Alcathous joined, and Agenor, 
Helenus led the third with Deiphobus, glo?'ious and Godlike, 
Both of them Priam's sons and Asius with these was united 
Third in command : (great Asius, Hyrtacus' son, who his horses 
Fiery and tall from Arisbe drove and the stream of Selleis). 
Fourth in order a band by the noble son of Anchises 
Godlike ^Eneas was led. With him were the sons of Antenor, 
Acamas brave and Archilochus, chiefs experienced in battles. (100) 
Mighty Sarpedon led the bold confederate warriors, 
Close at his side were Glaucus and warlike Asteropaeus, 
Known to him well as the bravest and best -of all their commanders 
Next to himself: for he far surpassed all others in valour. 
On then marched they, shield touching shield, and burning with ardour 
Greece to encounter. Proudly they deemed that none could 

resist them, 
All would before them be swept, and the Greeks hurled back to 

their vessels. 
All the Trojans, and all the allies far-summoned to aid them, 
Acted at once on the counsel by brave Polydamas offered. 
Asius alone, great Hyrtacus' son, refused his compliance, (no) 
[All unused to control) nor committed his car to a servant, 
Thinking to force his way through the gates and push on to the vessels. 
Rash, and by fate for destruclion marked! No more was he destined 
Borne on his car from the Grecian ships in safety and triumph 
Back to return to his home in wind-swept Ilion's city. 
Soon by the spear of mighty Idomeneus, son of Deucalion, 



Book XII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 251 

Doomed, by an evil fate o'erwhelmed and entangled, to perish. 
Far to the left of the line of ships he drove, where the Grecians 
Hurrying away from the field with their cars and steeds were 

retreating, 
Thither he pushed in pursuit, and the gate had reached where 

the doorway ( I2 °) 

Standing wide open he found, and the bar removed that secured it. 
Held by the Greeks unclosed was the gate, to receive their companions, 
Who, from the battle escaped, to their ships were flying for safety. 
Eagerly forward he drove, and with clamorous shouts his companions 
Followed, for now they thought that surely nought could resist them, 
But that at length derpoivered, the Greeks to their ships would be driven : 
Soon undeceived ! Two heroes bold stood guarding the gateway, 
Men of the strong Lapithaean race, high-hearted and fearless, 
Brave Polypcetes, great Peirithous' son, and beside him 
Huge as death-dealing Ares, the stalwart form of Leonteus. (130) 
These in front of the lofty gates stood forth, and the passage 
Barred against hostile approach. Like two tall oaks on the mountains 
Firmly fixed by their vast and wide-spread roots, and abiding 
Many a day, unmoved, the wintry rain and the tempest : 
Thus those heroes twain, in their might and valour confiding, 
Fearless awaited the coming foe, nor flinched from their stations. 
On came the Trojans against the strong-built wall in a body, 
Holding their leathern bucklers aloft and terribly shouting. 
Close round Asius their Prince were Iamenus grouped and Orestes, 
Acamas, Asius' son, and Thoon and brave (Enomaus. ( I 4°) 

They, who at first were exhorting the Greeks within to be steady, 
Firmly to stand to their arms and guard their ships from destruction, 
Soon as they saw, to assault the gate, the Trojans advancing, 
Heard the cries, and beheld the flight of the terrified Grecians, 
Forward rushed ; and took their stand in front of the gateway, 
Eager to fight : like fierce and savage boars in the mountains 
Rushing to meet the tumultuous approach of dogs and of hunters. 
Slantwise across the glades they dash. Mid the crash of the forest 
Trampled and cut to the root, they grind their tusks, and the 

white foam 



252 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XII, 



Flies from their jaws ; and regardless of death they rush on 

the jav'lins. ( I 5°) 

Thus they rushed on : and the shining brass of their armour resounded 
Ringing with blows in front. Right bravely they struggled, relying 
Both on their own vast might, and the aid of their friends on 

the rampart. 
These on the foe beneath from the lofty height of the turrets 
Hurled down massive stones in a last and desperate effort, 
Yet from destruction to save themselves, their tents, and their galhes. 
Thick as the snowflakes fill the air, when the blasts of the winter 
Drift them along, with the shadowy clouds, and whiten the pastures. 
So from the hands alike of Trojans and Greeks did the missiles 
Pour; and a dry and clattering sound arose from the helmets (160) 
Battered by tumbling crags ; and the high-bossed orbs of the bucklers. 
Asius, Hyrtacus' son, then groaned with despite, and indignant 
Smote on his thigh with his hand, and thus gave vent to his anger : 
"Father Zeus! Thy faith is void, thy promise deceitful! 
How could I e'er suppose that the Greeks, thus pressed, would 

resist us, 
Turn on our strength and abide th' assault of our conquering armies ? 
See! how, like active and lithsome wasps, or bees, that in crannies 
Build their nests in some rugged pass, and repel their assailants, 
Hov'ring around their hollow domes ; and, reluctant to quit them, 
Fight to the last in defence of their hidden stores and their 

offspring; - ( I 7°) 

So do these Greeks still cling to their gates, nor cease to defend them ; 
And, though there be but two, set capture and death at defiance." 
Thus he spake. But Zeus regardless heard his remonstrance, 
Hector alone was his care. Him only he destined for glory. 

Others, meanwhile at distant gates were collected and fighting. 
Hard 'twere for mortal bard their deeds to relate or their praises 
Sing: for round all the walls the conflict of stones and of weapons 
Raged like a fiery storm. Sore pressed, and perforce, for their vessels 
Battled the Greeks ; while all those Gods who favoured the Argives 
Grieving, the struggle beheld, forbid to assist or to save them. (180) 
Still unsubdued at their post the brave Lapithaeans resisted. 



Book XII.] 7 HE ILIAD OF HOMER. 253 

Stern Polypoetes first, Peirithous' son, with his jav'lin 
Damasus smote. The spear through the brazen cheek of his helmet 
Drove : nor resisted the stubborn cone, but the point of the weapon 
Broke through the bone and clave the skull, and the brains of the hero 
Scattered abroad. Thus Damasus fell, as he rushed to the combat. 
Pylon and Ormenus next he slew, and despoiled of their armour. 
Pierced through the belt by the spear of Leonteus, scion of Ares, 
Brave Hippomachus fell, the noble Antimachus' offspring. 
Instant the viclor drew from its sheath his glittering falchion, (190) 
And on Antiphates rushed through the broken ranks of the Trojans, 
Grappling him, hand to hand ; and supine he fell, in his death-pang. 
Menon, Iamenus, next he slew, and valiant Orestes. 
Headlong, one on another, he dashed to earth and despoiled them 
One and all, as they lay, of their bright and glittering armour. 
Thus while these two were engaged, by Polydamas headed and 
Heaor, 
All the best of the Trojan youth, who were eager to combat, 
Break down the Grecians' wall and burn their vessels, were standing 
Gathered in anxious suspense at the brink of the trench, undecided. 
Just when about to cross, in the space dividing the armies (200) 

Close on their left had a sign appeared. High soaring an eagle 
Bore in his talons a bleeding snake, still living and hissing, 
Twined in a monstrous coil, yet fierce, unconquered, and struggling. 
Backward writhing his head, he stung the bird in the bosom, 
Close to his neck, who dropped the snake, all smarting with anguish, 
Tossing him down to the earth, in the midst of the terrified army : 
Then on loud clanging wings, swift floated away on the breezes. 
Shuddered the Trojans with fear when they saw the serpent among 

them 
Writhing, the dire portent of ./Egis-bearing Kronion. (209) 

Thus then his thoughts Polydamas spake, fierce Hector approaching : 
"Hector ! thou chidest me oft when I raise my voice in our 
councils 
Giving thee good advice ; for that wrong and unseemly thou deem'st it 
Either in council or war, for a citizen, one of the people, 
Aught thou say'st to oppose, or not to support thee in all things. 



254 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XII. 

Yet will I freely speak my mind. The occasion dema?ids it. 

Let us no farther advance, nor fight the Greeks at their vessels. 

All will end in defeat and disaster, sure as this omen 

Comes, our Trojans to warn, and forbid their assault on the rampart. 

Lo ! on our left in the open space, high soaring, an eagle 

Bore in his talons a bleeding serpent alive : yet he dropped it (220) 

Forced to relinquish his hold ere home to his nest he could bear it, 

Forced to forego the hope of a plenteous meal for his nestlings. 

Thus though we burst our way through the gates and walls of the 

Grecians, 
Strong in our might, and themselves before us fly, we shall find it 
No light task to return by the way we came, and in order. 
Many a Trojan corpse shall we leave behind, in the conflict 
Slain by the Grecian spears in defence of their tents and their vessels, 
So would each augur declare, of experience and skill to interpret 
Omens divine : by his brethren approved, believed by the people." 

Crest-waving Hector replied with a scornful look of displeasure 1(230) 
" Think not, Polydamas, counsels like these will meet my approval. 
Easily might'st thou a nobler conclusion have drawn from the omen. 
But if in serious mood and earnest faith thou hast spoken, 
Then most surely th' immortal Gods have deprived thee of reason. 
And wouldst thou bid me then forget that solemn assurance 
Giv'n me by thundering Zeus himself so late; or distrust it ? 
Bid me rely on the flitting of broad-wing'd birds, and their movements 
Watch, whether right or left they fly, — to east or to westward — 
Soar in the light of dawn, or plunge in night and in darkness? 
Careless I view such signs. They concern me not, nor disturb me. (240) 
Zeus is our guide and protector. His sov'reign will we accomplish: 
Zeus, who supreme o'er mortals and Gods extends his dominion. 
One and the best of omens is ours to fight for our country. 
Thou of all men hast least to fear from war and its struggles, 
For should the rest of us, one and all, at the ships of the Grecians 
Perish beneath the Argive spears, thy risk would be trifling, 
Wanting the heart to fight, and the spirit that leads into danger. 
But should I see thee hanging back, or others persuading, 
{Filling their souls with groundless fears like thine own,) to desert us, 



Book XII.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



255 



Pierced by my vengeful spear thy recreant life shalt thou forfeit." (250) 
Thus having spoken, he led the way, and with shouting and clamour 
Followed the troops. Then thundering Zeus from the mountains of Ida 
Sent forth a mighty blast, which, raising the dust in a whirlwind, 
Drove it full on the Greeks. Their courage he quelled, and their 

ardour 
Damped: and with glorious hopes the Trojans encouraged and Hector 
Who on his manifest aid, and their own fierce valour relying, 
Now rushed on to assault that mighty wall of the Grecians : 
Tore down the battlements high, and the solid strength of the breast- 
work ; 
Heaved with levers amain at each buttress firm, which projecting 
Forward, in front of the towers the Greeks had fixed to support them ; 
Trusting that, these once levelled, the wall must yield. But the 
Argives (261) 

Fell not away in that hour of fierce and despe?-ate trial. 
Buckler to buckler, man to man, they filled the embrasures, 
Show'ring on all who approached both stones- and spears from behind 
them. 
High on the wall through the Danaan host the united Aiantes 
Went their round, exhorting, and cheering them on to the combat. 
Some they addressed with warm and encouraging words of approval, 
Others rebuked, whom haply they found neglecting their duty: 
"Hear me, my friends! Each Greek, whatever his force or his valour, 
Hero, and warrior of small renown, the strong and the feeble, (270) 
Fight ! There is work for all — though all be not equal in valour. 
All of you see how sore we are pressed. But let no man among you 
Scared by yon vaunter's boasts to our ships but dream 0/" retreating. 
Rather push on and meet the foe, supporting each other. 
So shall Olympian Zeus, your determi?ied courage rewarding 
Change to defeat their success and drive them back to their city." 
Loudly thus did the two brave warriors cheer on the Grecians, 
And, as the snow-flakes fall on a wintry day, when the Thund'rer 
Brings round the season's change in the deep design of his counsels, 
Op'ning his fleecy stores on high he displays them to mortals: (280) 
Lulled are the winds, and the silent snow falls thick : on the mountains 



256 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XII. 



First; and each summit and craggy peak shows white: o'er the 

meadows, 
Next; and their clovery pride it conceals, and the husbandman's 

labours ; 
Wide o'er the shores of the hoary sea then spreads and the havens : 
Bounded alone by th' advancing wave. All else it envelopes, 
Cov'ring'it deep; as the thickening drift descends and o'erwhelms it. 
Thus fell the stony show'r upon either side, by the Grecians 
Down on the Troian host, by the Trojans back at the Grecians 
Hurled; and along the wall loud rose the roar of the battle. 
Yet had not Hector, brave as he was, nor the Trojans, succeeded (290) 
Either in scaling the wall, or in bursting the gates and their barriers, 
Had not immortal Zeus his son Sarpedon excited 
Onward, against th' opposing Greeks to rush like a lion. 
Straightway his smooth round shield he upreared and held it before 

him 
Rich, all shining with plates of brass, by the skill of the artist, 
Thick overlaid; with many a fold of leather beneath them, 
Firmly sewn, while bands of gold encircled its margin. 
This he advanced on high, and forward strode to the combat, 
Brandishing two sharp spears. As a lion which reared in the mountains 
Strong in his inborn fierceness and urged by the cravings of hunger 
Down on the flock descends, close penned albeit and guarded: (301) 
Who, though he find the shepherds alert and prepared to repel him, 
Keeping with dogs and spears their nightly watch o'er the sheep-fold, 
Scorns to retreat unhurt, and leave the prey unattempted. 
In, at all risks, he springs, and seizes the first he encounters, 
Pouncing upon hi?n, reckless of wounds, of darts and of jav'lins. 
Not with less ardent prompting the spirit of godlike Sarpedon, 
Urged him to rush at the wall, and break through the strength of its 

breastworks, 
Turning to Glaucus then, Hippolochus' son, he addressed him: 
"Glaucus, my friend! Why claim we the chiefest place in our 

nation, (3 IQ ) 

Highest in honour, first at the festal board, when the wine-cup 
Flows at our Lycian feasts? Why as Gods do the people regard us? 



Book XII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 257 

Why upon Xanthus' banks do the fairest and widest allotments 
Own us as lords, the best of the vineyard, best of the corn-land? 
Should we not then be found commanding the Lycian squadrons, 
Foremost ever in martial feats and the heat of the battle? 
So shall each mail-braced Lycian warrior exclaim when he sees us : 
'Truly these sov'reigns of ours are no inglorious weaklings 
'■Born but to feed on the fat of the land and in idle enjoyment 
'Drink of the honey-sweet wine. They rule. They have spirit and 
vigour. (3 2 °) 

'Ever in front of our armies we find them, leading the onset' 
Oh ! my friend : if withdrawn from war and its dangers avoiding, 
Endless life and perpetual youth were the portion of mortals, 
Neither would I rush headlong on, to fight with the foremost, 
Nor would I send thee forth to join in the glorious conflict. 
But since in peace a thousand deaths beset us on all sides, 
Deaths which none can foresee or avoid, let us on ; and for glory 
Strike. We shall win it ourselves or, falling, confer it on others." 
Thus he spake : nor did Glaucus refuse. And exultingly onward 
Both advanced at the head of the far-famed Lycian forces. (330) 
These with alarm to the tow'r which he held advancing, Menestheus 
Peteos' son beheld close banded, bearing destruction. 
Anxious along the Grecian line he gazed, to discover 
Haply, some chief at hand who might lend his aid to repel them. 
Not far off th' Aiantes twain he perceived, for the combat 
Always prepared and eager, and Teucer just to the rampart 
Come from his tent. But to reach them no shout might avail through 

the uproar, 
Raging on all sides round, and the din that mounted to heaven, 
Clashing of stricken shields and of battered helms, and the thunder 
Echoing from all the gates (for all were attacked, and the Trojans (340) 
Crowded around them, exerting their utmost efforts to burst them). 
So to th' Aiantes a message he sent by Thootes the herald : 
"Noble Thootes! run with all speed, and summon th' Aiantes. 
Both, it were better, should come. There is need of both; for im- 
pending, 
Swift and sudden destruction awaits us here unassisted. 



n 



258 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XII. 

Such and so fierce is the Lycians' attack, who, whate'er the occasion, 

Most determined of all our foes, advance to the battle. 

But if the stress of war be there severe, and its labours, 

Then let Oileus remain: let the brave Telamonian Aias 

Come, and let Teucer bring his unerring bow and his arrows." (350) 

Thus he spake and the herald his message receiving departed. 
Swiftly along the line of the bronze-mailed Greeks on the rampart 
Running, th' Aiantes he found at their post, and thus he addressed 

them: 
"Noble Aiantes! chiefs of the bronze-mailed sons of Achaia, 
Jove-descended Peteos' son hath sent me to bid you 
Come with all speed, for howe'er so short a time, to assist him. 
Both of you come if you can. There is need of both : for impending 
Swift and sudden destruction awaits him there, unassisted: 
Such and so fierce is the Lycians' attack who, whate'er the occasion, 
Most determined of all our foes, advance to the battle. (360) 

But if here also the stress of war be severe and its labours, 
Then let Oileus remain, and do thou, Telamonian Aias! 
Come, and let Teucer bring his unerring bow, and his arrows." 

Thus he spake: nor refused the great Telamonian hero. 
Parting however, these hurried words he addressed to Oileus: 
"Aias, my friend! Do thou remain with brave Lycomedes. 
Strive to maintain your post, and cheer on the Greeks to the conflict. 
I, for a while, must leave you ; for there my assistance is needed : 
Soon will I join you again, when once my task is accomplished." 

Thus having spoken, the great Telamonian Aias departed; (370) 
Teucer beside him, his brother, his father's son; and Pandion 
Bearing his chieftain's bended bow, attended their footsteps. 
Soon at the tow'r they arrived, by brave Menestheus defended. 
Mounting the wall, by foes sore pressed and endangered they found 

him. 
Up, as if swept by a whirlwind's drift, the Lycian leaders 
Climbing the breast-work a footing had gained, and dire was the 

clamour, 
Fierce the encounter of arms : for hand to hand was the combat. 
First in the fight, the great Telamonian Aias a hero, 



Book XII.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



259 



Godlike Sarpedon's companion and friend, the valiant Epicles 
Slew. Upraising a rugged stone which high on the rampart (380) 
Coping a battlement lay (such a mass as hardly a mortal, 
Such as now live, in the pride of youth and strength could have 

lifted, 
Straining with both his hands) on his head from above he discharged it. 
Crushing the cone of his four-plumed helm it fell, and within it 
All the bones of his skull. Head foremost hurled from the rampart 
Down, like a diver, he plunged and, the wreck of a man, he expired. 

Glaucus, in acl to mount, was grappling the wall, and unguarded 
Thrust forth his naked arm. This Teucer marked, and an arrow 
Sent from his bow which a wound inflicted, disabling the hero. 
Down from the wall he sprang, dissembling his hurt lest the 

Grecians (39°) 

Seeing him struck, might scoff and insult him with words of derision. 
This Sarpedon with grief beheld; for Glaucus retreating 
Soon he perceived : but his grief with rage was mixed. With his 

jav'lin, 
Full at Alcmseon, Thestor's son, he thrust, and transfixed him, 
Quickly withdrawing the weapon, which dragged him down ; and 

Alcmaeon, 
Forward fell on his face, and his bright arms rattled around him. 
Then with a spring, Sarpedon the battlement seized, and it yielded, 
Under the strain of his mighty grasp, wide toppling in ruin, 
Stripping the rampart, and op'ning a breach where many might enter. 
Aias and Teucer at once took deadly aim at the hero. (4°°) 

Teucer's shaft struck sharp on the glittering band, which his buckler 
Fastened across his breast; but Zeus averted destruction, 
Suffering not his son at the ships of the Grecians to perish. 
Leaping upon him, Aias dismissed his spear, and the buckler 
Rang with the blow but it pierced not through : yet it checked him 

advancing. 
Back from the breach some space he recoiled, yet not as retreating : 
Turning him round to his godlike Lycian troops, he addressed them, 
Loth to relinquish his ardent hopes of conquest and glory : 
" Lycians ! why, forget ye your ancient renow?i and your valour? 



17 — 2 



2 6o THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XII. 

Think you that I, unsupported, how brave soe'er, through yon barrier 
(Burst by my strength though it be) can hew out a path to the vessels ? (41 1) 
Follow me then ! where numbers, no less than courage, are needed." 
Thus he spake, and the Lycians rebuked by the words of their 

sov'reign, 
Pressed round the prince, by his prowess inspired, revering his wisdom. 
Nor did the Greeks meanwhile neglect to concentre their phalanx, 
Drawn up within the wall, for they knew what a struggle impended. 
Nor could the Lycians brave succeed in breaking the Grecians, 
Forcing a path through the breach, and cutting their way to the vessels ; 
Nor could these from the wall drive back the Lycian warriors, 
Now that they held the breach, and had gained firm footing upon 

it. (420) 

As when two men in narrow space disputing their bound'ries, 
Each with his measuring rod in hand, at the line of division 
Stand, of their common field, and maintain their claim to possession : 
Thus did the wall divide the contending hosts. In the struggle 
Thick descended the blows on their broad round shields, and the targets 
Lightly upborne, whose tough bull-hides defended their bosoms. 
Many a wound was giv'n and received from their pitiless weapons. 
Here, through the back exposed came the deadly thrust, when a 

recreant 
Turned him to flight : there, pierced through his buckler perished a 

hero. 
Battlement, buttress and lofty tow'r in that desperate struggle, (430) 
Streamed alike with the mi?igled blood of Greeks and of Trojans. 
Yet had the Greeks no thought of flight ■ but straight and unswerving 
Held their line ; — as some diligent matron, just in her dealings, 
Poises the wool in her scales, and draws it out, till it equals 
Nicely, its weight ; thus earning a scanty support for her children. 
Thus on an even poise hung balanced the fates of the battle, 
Up to the time when Zeus should crown great Hector with glory, 
Destined the first to break in, and o'erpass the fence of the Grecians. 
Then with a mighty shout he called up his troops to the combat: 
"Now is your time, ye Trojans ! Now burst through the wall, and be 

ready, (44°) 



Book XII.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



261 



Torches to hurl on the ships, and in one vast blaze to consume 

them." 
Thus in loud and exciting tones he spake, and the Trojans 
Heard with fresh ki?idled zeal, and rushed in crowds to the rampart, 
Jav'lins in hand. And they climbed the wall, and the battlements 

mounted. 
Heel or then seized on a mighty stone, which in front of the gateway 
Stood, like the prow of a ship projecting, broad at the bottom, 
Sharp at the point ; which scarce two men now living among us, 
Chos'n from among the strongest, could heave from the ground to a 

waggon, 
Ev'n with a lever's aid : but alone he easily raised it, 
(Zeus, the son of mysterious Kronos, lightening the burden). (450) 
Not with more ease, scarce feeling the wooly weight, does the shepherd 
Bear off in both his hands some ram's huge fleece from the shearing. 
Poising the rock, he approached the lofty gate, which compacted 
Stood, with its planks by massive beams cross-braced, and within it 
Fast'ning its two broad doors were ponderous clasps, that uniting, 
Clenched, and with one strong bolt were secured. Confronting it, 

Heaor 
Planted himself on wide-extended feet, to concentrate 
All his force on the blow. And it fell 1 Struck full in the centre, 
Down went the gate, with a thundering crash; out-torn from the frame- 
work, 
All the hinges were wrenched, and the crag broke through, by its 

impulse (460) 

Shiv'ring the planks. Nor resisted the bars, sent flying in splinters, 
This way and that through the air. In rushed the conquering Hector 
Dreadful in aspect as gloomy night. Far flashed from his armour, 
Lurid and fitful gleams as he moved. Two lances he brandished, 
As through the gate he sprang, with his eyes in flame. To resist him 
Vain were all mortal force ; for none but a God might have dared it. 
Turning him round to the Trojans, he called them up to support him, 
Bidding them scale the wall: and they hurried in crowds at his 

summons, 
Some with a desperate rush surmounted the rampart, and others 



262 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XII. 



Poured through the broken gate. Then fled the Grecians in 
terror, (470) 

Back to their hollow ships, and all was rout and confusion. 



THE ILIAD. 



BOOK XIII. 



BOOK THE THIRTEENTH. 



Argument. 

Poseidon observing the battle from Samos, comes to the aid of the 
Greeks, who renew the fight. Idomeneus excited by him slays Asius and 
otherwise distinguishes himself as do also Merion and Menelaiis on the 
side of the Greeks, and ^Eneas on that of the Trojans. These assailed by 
the two Ajaces begin to give way. Heclor at the instance of Polydamas 
traverses the field to collecl the Trojan chiefs. He finds Paris, who joins 
him, and together they return to Polydamas and restore the fight. 



ILIAD. BOOK XIIL 



'""PHUS to the Grecian ships when Zeus had the Trojans conducted, 
There he left them, engaged in their toilsome and arduous struggle, 
While from the scene of slaughter his beaming eyes he averted, 
Viewing the distant lands by the bold equestrian Thracians, 
By the close-combating Mysians held, and the pure Hippemolgi 
Nurtured on milk, of peaceful lives, and the justest of mortals. 
Troy and her hosts no longer he deigned to behold. Of th' immortals 
None, he expected, would dare to descend//-*?/^ Olympus, and render 
Aid, or encouragement offer to Greece or Troy in their co?iflicl: 

Yet, with a watchful and anxious gaze, earthshaking Poseidon (10) 
Wond'ring, the long-protracled war and the turns of the battle 
Viewed from his Thracian seat, from the wood-clothed mountains of 

Samos, 
Whence might be seen far stretching away the summits of Ida, 
Ilion's lofty tow'rs and the close-ranged ships of the Grecians. 
There, from the ocean rising, he sate, and sore for the Argives 
Grieved, by the Trojans subdued; and with Zeus his soul was indignant. 
From the huge mountain's rugged height in haste he descended 
Striding along; and its forests shook and its pinnacles trembled, 
Under the earthquake tread and immortal weight of the monarch. 
Wide over land and sea, three strides he took, and in JEgdd (20) 

Planted his foot at the fourth. There a gorgeous palace received him 
Deep, deep down in the ocean wave, incorruptible, golden. 



266 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIII. 

There to his chariot he yoked his swift and brazen-hoofed coursers, 
Crested with beauteous manes wide floating in gold o'er their shoulders. 
Gold was his panoplied mail, and the broidered scourge which he 

wielded, 
All with gold was inwrought. Triumphant he mounted his chariot. 
Over the waves it rolled. Sea monsters gambolled around it, 
Rising in shoals from the deep to behold their king : and the billows 
Leaping with joy divided, and smoothed a path where the chariot 
Skimmed o'er the main; nor wetted the brazen axle beneath it. (30) 
Thus flew the bounding steeds till they neared the ships of the Grecians. 

Under the sea which Tenedos parts from the mainland of Imbros, 
Opens a wide-expanding cave in the depths of its waters. 
There arrested his chariot the great earthshaking Poseidon, 
Loosed his steeds from the yoke and strewed them ambrosial fodder : 
Round their fetlocks shackles of gold he cast to detain them ; 
Shackles which none might unloose or break; that so he might find 

them 
Ready, awaiting their lord's return. Then joined he the Grecians. 

Troia's hosts meanwhile, with the rage of the fire or the tempest 
Swept after Hector in crowds, all eager, thirsting for battle, (40) 

Raising triumphant shouts. For now the ships of the Grecians 
Surely they trusted to capture and slay their best and their bravest. 
Mighty Poseidon however, who shakes the world with his earthquakes, 
Now from the waves uprising assumed the semblance of Calchas ; 
Like him in form and resounding voice, and encouraged the Argives. 
First th' Aiantes addressing, already alert and excited: 
" Noble Aiantes! On you must Greece rely for her safety. 
Valiant ye are. No thought of flight e'er freezes your ardour ! 
Elsewhere along our lines I fear not the might of the Trojans, 
Who in such numbers have scaled our walls and are rushing upon us. 
Sure that our bright-greaved Greeks will receive their assault and 
repel it. (51) 

Here however, where Hec~lor himself, the fierce and the fiery, 
Boasting himself the fav'rite of Zeus, leads them on to the battle, 
Sorely I dread lest evil befal the sons of Achaia. 
Wherefore I trust, some God will inspire your bosoms, and prompt you 



Book XIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 267 

Bravely to bear your parts in the fight, and encourage your comrades. 
So shall ye drive him back from the swift-sailing ships i?i confusion, 
Fierce as he is; though Zeus himself be his friend and supporter." 

Thus having spoken, the world-encircling lord of the earthquake, 
Laid upon each his sceptre, and filled them with courage and 

vigour, (60) 

Suppled their joints, and confirmed the strength of their hands and 

their members. 
Then, as a hawk upborne on rapid wing from his station 
High on some rugged cliff soars forth in air, and his quarry- 
Far and wide o'er the plain pursues in devious circuit, 
Thus from their presence darted the great earth-shaking Poseidon. 
First was the God-head perceived by the swift O'ilean Aias. 
Instantly thus he bespoke the great Telamonian hero : 
" Aias! I feel it within me ! A God hath come down from Olympus, 
Taking the prophet's form, and enjoins us to fight for our gallies. 
He, be assured, is not the seer he resembled, old Calchas. (70) 
Well did I mark, as he left us, his gliding feet and his movements. 
Unlike men's is the carriage of Gods, and we easily know them. 
Now too, within my bosom my heart beats high for the combat; 
More than ever my spirit excites me to war and to conquest 
Strength is in every limb, and my hands seem nerved for the battle." 

Thus then in turn replied the great Telamonian Aias : 
"I too feel the same ! My soul is stirred in my bosom, 
Light in my eager grasp is the spear, and to bear me to battle 
Wings seem lifting my feet, and alone I yearn to encounter 
Hector the son of Priam, in all the height of his fury." (80) 

Thus with exulting joy, these two brave heroes conferring, 
Each unto each the ardour revealed which the god had imparted. 
He meanwhile, the great earth-circling Pow'r to the rearward 
Passed, where the Greeks in their ships had a respite sought and a 

refuge. 
Worn and exhausted with toil, their limbs were relaxed and their 

bosoms 
Heaved with pangs of overwhelming grief, when they looked on the 

Trojans, 



268 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIII. 



Scaling by thousands the mighty wall they had built: and, beholding, 
Tears of despite and shame from their eyelids streamed: for they knew 

not 
How from so dire a strait they should e'er escape. But Poseidon 
Mingling among their ranks restored their strength and their courage. 
Teucer and Leitus first his words aroused, and their ardour (91) 
Kindled; Thoas, Deipyrus, next and Peneleus mighty 
Merion, Antilochus, warlike chiefs, experienced in battles, 
All became eager to fight, when in words like these he addressed 

them : 
< 'Shame on ye, Argive youths ! To your valour and strength might be 

trusted, 
(So we vainly believed) the safety of Greece and her navy. 
But if ye shun the dangerous fight, and shrink from the conflict, 
Then we behold at length the day when Troy shall o'erwhelm us. 
Gods! What a sight is this! That these eyes should e'er have 

beheld it! 
Dreadful! incredible! such as no Greek could e'er have predicted! (100) 
Trojans close at your ships ! That cowardly race, who but lately 
Ran like the timorous deer, a prey to each beast of the forest, 
Jackals and pards and wolves ; a rout of stragglers and weaklings, 
Loose in array, unfit for war, for its toils or its glory. 
Such is this rabble of 'Troy, who the valour and arms of the Grecians 
Never in times gone by could withstand : no, not for an instant. 
Now, from their city advancing they beard us here at our vessels, 
All through our chiefs misconduct, and lack of zeal in our warriors 
Who, at his tyranny wroth, refuse to fight, and our navy 
Suffer unguarded to fall, and themselves to perish beside it. ( IIQ ) 

What, if it be his fault, if blame must rest on our leader 
Atreus' heroic son, the wide-ruling king Agamemnon? 
What, though he foully dishonoured the swift-pursuing Achilles, 
Must we for that desert our posts and shrink from the battle? 
Rather push on and retrieve. The brave but doubt for a moment. 
You of all others the last should be found giving way to a panic, 
Brave as ye are, the flow'r of our host. For the weak and unwarlike, 
Such I disdain to blame. They but yield to the bent of their nature. 



Book XIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 269 



You when I see subdued, my soul is indignant within me. 

Think not, my friends ! you behold the worst. Far heavier the 

mischief, ( I2 °) 

Weakness like yours will cause. Oh ! think on the shame and the ruin, 
Ready on all to alight; for the last sharp struggle is pending. 
Hector himself approaches your ships. Already his war-cry 
Rings in your ears. Your gates are burst and the foe is among you." 
Thus while the great earth-shaking god encouraged the Grecians, 
Closing around th' Aiantes twain had collected a phalanx, 
Solid and square, where Ares himself, were he present amidst them, 
Nought could have found to blame, nor Athena disperser of armies. 
There the bravest of all the brave stood fronting the Trojans 
Spear levelled close by spear, and buckler wedged upon buckler, (130) 
Target on target, man upon man, and helmet on helmet 
Nodding in one compacted and gleaming mass with their horsetails 
Waving in air. Thus close they stood ; and the spears which they 

wielded, 
Shook with the force of their stalwart gripe. Supporting each other 
Kept they their ground, yet longed to advance, and yearned for 

the onset. 
On came Troy to the charge, and Hector in front of the Trojans, 
Rushing amain : like a boulder crag from the brow of a mountain, 
Tom by the wintry floods when the rain comes down in a torrent, 
Mining its base, and loos'ning its hold on the cliff; and in ruin 
Bounding along it flies, and the forest crashes beneath it. (140) 
Whirled in its headlong career o'er the steep it rolls unimpeded 
Down to the plain : there stops • — in its path of destruction arrested. 
Thus rushed Hector along with threats and with tumult, expecting 
Soon at the sea to arrive, at the ships and tents of the Grecians, 
Slaughtering all on his way. But the serried lines of the phalanx 
Stopped him at once as they closed; and the biting brands by the 

Argives 
Wielded, and two-edg'd spears thrust home, presented a barrier 
Passing his might to surmount. Amazed, some steps he retreated. 
Turning him then to his troops, in a thundering voice he addressed 

them : 



270 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIII. 

" Trojans and Lycians all, and ye staunch Dardanian warriors, (150) 
Hold your ground and be firm. Not long will the Grecians resist me, 
What though they stand compacted in close array like a rampart. 
Soon shall this spear disperse them. On Zeus I rely for assistance, 
Zeus, the first of the Gods, the thundering consort of Hera." 

Thus he spake and each heart was stirred, each spirit excited. 
Forth stept Deiphobus first, the high-soul'd offspring of Priam, 
Bearing aloft his broad round shield full-orbed and refulgent. 
Light was his tread as secure he advanced beneath its protection. 
Straight at the prince Meriones aimed his glittering jav'lin, 
Hurling with force. It missed not its mark but right in the centre (160) 
Smote, of the full-orb'd shield with bull's-hide stiff. But it pierced not. 
Short at the shank it broke: for Deiphobus, dreading a weapon 
Wielded by Merion's might, far forward in front of his bosom 
Held off the shield to receive it. Then back the Greek, disappointed, 
Into the crowd of his comrades plunged, sore vexed and indignant, 
Both for his ill success and his broken spear: and he hasted 
Back to the camp and the Grecian ships on the shore, to procure him 
There, from the stores in his tent, a more available weapon. 

Thickened meanwhile the fray, and loud grew the roar of the conflict. 
First Telamonian Teucer a chieftain slew of the Trojans, ( r 7 ) 
Imbrius, Mentor's son, renown'd for the breed of his horses. 
Who at Pedseum dwelt, ere Greece .before Ilion mustered, 
Medesicaste fair having married, a daughter of Priam. 
But when the Grecian ships arrived, in support of the Trojans, 
Back to the city he came, and lived distinguished among them, 
Lodged in the royal palace and honoured as one of its princes. 
Him through the throat great Telamon's son transfixed, and the 

jav'lin 
Quickly withdrew. Down sank he, as some tall ash on a mountain, 
Once conspicuous, a well-known mark, by the axe of the woodma?i 
Prostrate laid, with its leafy crown and wide-spreading branches. (180) 
So did he fall, and his shining arms re-echoed around him. 
Teucer at once rushed forward in eager haste to despoil him. 
Hector however his gleaming spear dismissed; which perceiving 
Fierce as it flew, by a dextrous spring he escaped, and it passed him 



Book XIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 271 

Close; and Amphimachus, Cteatus' son and grandson of Actor, 
Boldly advancing in jront of his comrades, pierced in the bosom. 
Down he fell with a crash, and his armour rattled around him. 
Hector at once sprang forth, o'er the prostrate form of the hero 
Stooping, to tear from his head the crested helm that adorned it, 
This great Aias beheld, and his beaming lance against Hector (190) 
Hurled : but in vain, for the prince by his brazen panoply guarded, 
Scatheless stood and untouched. On the boss of his shield it 

alighted, 
Driv'n with enormous force; and thrust him back. He retreated 
Leaving the two fall'n chiefs in the hands of the conquering Argives. 
Stichms, Menestheus, Athenian chiefs Amphimachus carried, 
Out of the press, unspoiled; and with care consigned to his comrades. 
Imbrius the brave Aiantes themselves bore off from the Trojans. 
As when two lions have snatched from the fangs of dogs, who had 

seized him, 
Some wild goat still bleeding and newly slain; o'er the brush-wood, 
High upraised in their jaws they bear him away through the thicket. 
Imbrius then th' Aiantes upholding bore, and his helmet ( 2 °i) 
Tore from his head and his glittering armour stripped. Then Oileus 
Wroth for Amphimachus slain, his head dissevered, and tossed it 
High o'er the the crowd and it fell, in the dust disfigured, and onward 
Rolled like a ball to Hector's feet, all bleeding and ghastly. 

Not with less rage was Poseidon rilled at the fate of his grandson, 
Thus in his very sight struck down in desperate conflict. 
Once more among the tents he passed and the ships of the Grecians 
Cheering the Danaan host and woes for the Trojans preparing. 
There he encountered Idomeneus bold, who had quitted the 

combat, ( 2I °) 

Anxious to save a wounded friend, from behind at the knee-joint 
Pierced by a spear, whom his comrades were bearing away from 

the battle. 
He to the leeches' care had consigned him, and now was returning 
Back to his tent, for he longed once more to join in the combat. 
Him then the mighty Poseidon addressed, in voice and in feature 
Lik'ning himself to Thoas, Andrsemon's son, who o'er Pleuron 



272 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XIII. 



Reigned, and ^Etolia's realm, and Calydon's rocky recesses, 
Where, as a God respected and honoured, the people obeyed him : 

"Noble Idomeneus ! Creta's sov'reign ! How have they vanished, 
All those threats which Achaia's sons once hurled at the Trojans ?" 
Then in his turn responded the valiant prince of the Cretans : (221) 
"Thoas ! Not one of the Greeks, methinks, deserves thy reproaches. 
All are familiar with arms. Each Greek in soul is a warrior, 
None is by heartless fear withheld. No Grecian among us 
Yields himself up to sloth or shrinks from the labour of warfare. 
Zeus himself is our foe. His decrees have doomed us to perish 
Nameless, inglorious, far remote from our home and our country. 
Thee have I ever known as a warrior fearless and active, 
Thoas ! Exciting the laggard alike by word and example. 
Go then. Each man thou meefst urge on to fight to the utmost." (230) 

Thus made answer in turn the great earth-shaking Poseidon : 
" Curst be the wretch this day who lingers and shrinks from the battle, 
Ne'er may he live to return from the shores of Troy to his country ! 
Here may his carcase rot, the sport of dogs and of vultures / 
Come then, resume thy arms and return with me. The occasion 
All our haste demands. Though but two, we may render assistance. 
Even the feeble united are strong : and we with the foremost 
Rank where deeds of arms are performed and the valiant are gathered." 

Thus having said, the god rushed on and mixed in the struggle, 
While to his stately tent for his arms Idomeneus hastened. (240) 
Soon had he donned his glittering arms, two lances selecting. 
Then, as the lightning by Zeus displayed from the heights of Olympus 
Brandished aloft in his red right hand for a sign unto mortals 
Darts forth in forked gleams of unendurable splendour — 
So, as the hero ran, flashed forth bright rays from his corslet. 
Merion first he encountered, his brave and faithful attendant 
Close by the tent he had left, who came to provide him a jav'lin. 
Meeting him thus on his path, the Cretan monarch addressed him : 
"Swift-footed Merion! Molus' son, best lov'd of my comrades, 
Why do I find thee here deserting thy post in the battle, (250) 
Say ! by a wound from some hostile lance received art thou suff'ring 
Or peradventure, a message bear'st to myself? But I hasten 



Book XIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 273 

Back to the field, for my soul is on fire to join in the combat." 
Bold Meriones, prudent as bold, this answer returned him : 
"Mighty Idomeneus ! sov'reign at once and guide of the Cretans, 
'Tis for a spear I come, if such in thy tents be remaining. 
That which I bore to the fight broke short, my thrust disappointing, 
Leaving its head deep fixed in fierce Deiphobus' buckler." 

Thus making answer in turn replied the Prince of the Cretans : 
"Spears thrice sev'n wilt thou find in my tent. Thence choose 
as thou listest. (260) 

Ranged round its snowy walls they stand. All Troiian weapons, 
Ta'en from their bearers in battle slain. For not from a distance 
Is it my wont to fight. I strike doum my foe and despoil him. 
Thus have I store of spears and bossy shields in abundance, 
Many a casque, and many a breast-plate polished and gleaming." 

Merion, prudent and brave, these words returned him in answer : 
"Neither within my tent nor the darksome hold of my galley 
Lack there Troian spoils : but the distance is far to procure them. 
For, though L say it myself, no want of spirit or courage 
Holds me back from the glorious fight. There I stand with the 
foremost ( 2 7°) 

Ever prepared for war when the moment of battle approaches. 
What though among the Greeks I fight unnoticed by others ; 
Not so, at least, by thee. / have fought by thy side, and thou 
know'st me." 

Thus making answer in turn replied the Prince of the Cretans : 
"Well do I know thy valour. What needs there this to remind me ? 
Were from among our host, for an ambush, the bravest selected — ■ 
That sharp trial which tests most surely the soul of the warrior ; 
Where by his bearing the hero stands displayed and the coward, — 
None would mistake thy conduct, or doubt thy strength or thy valour : 
There if a coward be placed, his colour shifts, and alternate (280) 
Varies from red to pale, and his heart is troubled within him. 
Crouching, on both his heels he sits, or shifts his position. 
Then too, against his corslet his heart beats hard, as he pictures 
Death's approach, and his chatt'ring teeth give sign of his terror. 
Not so the brave. His colour remains unchanged j his behaviour 



18 



274 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIII. 

Calm and composed, when he sits him down in the ambush of heroes. 

Only he prays to be doing, and pants for the moment of action. 

Thee should some flying shaft attain, or thrust of a jav'lin 

Stretch thee, o'erpow'red in the dust, no wound in the back would 
disgrace thee, 

Or in thy nape exposed. On thy breast, and in front it would 
strike thee ( 2 9°) 

Forward pressing and leading the charge with the first of thy comrades. 

Cease we this talk however, more fit for children than warriors. 

Loitering, bitterly those who want our assistance will blame us. 

Haste then ! Run to my tent and choose the best of my lances." 
Merion, as Ares brave, obeyed the words of his sov'reign, 

Ran to the tent, and chose forth a sharp and glittering weapon, 

Following then on Idomeneus' steps he rushed to the combat. 

Just as when death-doing Ares himself advances to battle 

Followed by Terror, fearless himself, but dreadful to mortals, 

Best lov'd son of the God, whom the bravest shrinks from 
beholding, (3°°) 

Forth out of Thrace when in arms they come, where Ephyre's warriors 
Fight with the Phlegyans bold, by both invoked, but according 
Only to one of their hosts, the prize of conquest and glory. 
Thus these chieftains, heroes themselves and leaders of heroes, 
Sheathed in refulgent brass, marched on to the scene of contention. 
Merion now resumed the discourse a?id Idomeneus questioned : 

" Son of Deucalion ! where dost thou mean to enter the battle ? 
Or on the right, the center, or left ? To the left, as it seems me, 
Sorest the Greeks are pressed, and most they need our assistance. 
This is the place, and now the time, to make our decision" (3 10 ) 

Thus making answer, in turn replied the Prince of the Cretans : 
"There at our central ships they need us not, they have others. 
Both Aiantes are there. There Teucer fights ; as an archer 
First of th' Achaian host, and in close, stem combat excelling. 
Hector, the son of Priam, may rage as he will with his Trojans, 
These will afford him fighting enough, be he ever so valiant, 
Ever so greedy of battle and war : full hard will he find it, 
Strength such as theirs to shake, and subdue their invincible firmness, 



Book XIII.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



275 



This must he do, ere he burn our ships, should Zeus not assist him, 
Showering downyh?/// the skies, his fiery bolts to consume them. (320) 
Nor does the man exist, sustained by the fruits of Demeter, 
Whom either weapon can wound, or rocks can crush, who could conquer. 
Aye! or stir from his post, the great Telamonian Aias. 
Not from the mighty Achilles himself would he flinch in the combat, 
Closely encountered, hand to hand; though inferior in swiftness. 
Hold then thy course for the left. There fate will soonest determine 
Whether the victor's meed we shall win, or confer it on others." 

Merion, as Ares brave, obeyed the command of his sov'reign, 
Striking across, by the path which he pointed out, to the army. 
Now, when the foe beheld them approaching in glittering armour, (330) 
Brave Idomeneus first, like a flame, and his valiant attendant, 
One on another they called, and in crowds came rushing upon them. 
Fierce was the combat now that raged round the prows of the gallies. 
As when in eddying blasts the shrill-voiced winds are contending, 
What time the ground is parched, and the dust lies thick on the path- 
ways, 
Whirled up aloft in clouds, it rises and darkens the region: 
Thus waxed fiercer and thicker the fight. Each warrior among them, 
Reckless of wounds himself, sought only to slay his opponent. 
Horrent and bristling with spears, were the close-prest lines of the 

battle 
Long, flesh-rending. The brazen gleams that blazed from their 
helmets, (34°) 

Flashed from their freshly polished shields, and glittering corslets, 
Dazzled the sight. Right stern were the heart that with joy could 

behold them 
Lab'ring in that dread work ; nor feel some movement of horror. 

Such were the toils and woes which the sons of mysterious Kronos, 
Each in his might, adopting opposing sides in their quarrel, 
Heaped on th' heroic chiefs in that wild struggle contending. 
Zeus, on his part, remembering his promise to honour Achilles, 
Hector and Troy had agreed to support, and lead them to conquest. 
(Not that he meant to destroy the Greeks, or Ilion to rescue; 
Thetis howbeit above all, and her valiant son, he regarded,) (35°) 



18—2 



276 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIII. 

While, from the hoary deep, unobserved emerging, Poseidon, 
Mixed with the Greeks, and their hearts sustained ; for he grieved to 

behold them 
Crushed and subdued by Troy : and at Zeus his soul was indignant. 
Equal their lineage, one their race : but Zeus was the elder, 
First in right of his birth, and first as excelling in wisdom. 
Therefore, in semblance a man, through the Grecian army Poseidon 
Passed unperceived, nor dared to appear revealed in his Godhead. 
Thus was the direful issue of war, and unyielding contention 
Forced on the hosts, and a strong compulsion, stern and relentless, 
Chained them together, in mutual hate, in mutual slaughter. (360) 
Then did Idomeneus, grey albeit, with years and with hardships ; 
Cheer on the Greeks and, springing upon them, scatter the Trojans : 
First by his hand Othryoneus fell, who to Troy from Cabesus 
Came, ere its siege had been long declared, for love of Cassandra, 
Whom from her father Priam he sought, though dow'rless, in wedlock ; 
Dow'rless in all but beauty. And much he vaunted his prowess, 
Promising speedy deliv'rance to Troy from the sons of Achaia. 
Priam agreed. His consent he pledged, and his daughter he promised, 
And on his promise relying, the chief marched boldly to battle, 
Striding abroad in defiant guise, but his ponderous jav'lin (370) 
Full at his front Idomeneus aimed : nor resisted his corslet, 
Strongly compact with brass ; but the spear stood fixed in his navel, 
Down he fell with a crash. Then thus exulted the victor : 
" Valiant Othryoneus ! great will be now thy renown among mortals, 
Shouldst thou indeed redeem that pledge thou gavest to Priam, 
When, in return for thine aid, as thy bride his daughter he promised. 
We too have somewhat to promise. Change sides : and then will we 

give thee 
Royal Atreides' fairest daughter. Hither from Argos 
Shall she in triumph be led, to wed thee. Only assist us, 
Lending the force of thy mighty arm, proud Ilion to conquer. (380) 
Come then ! seek we our ships, and there the terms of thy marriage 
Let us arrange. No doubt thou wilt not despise our alliance." 
Thus having said, through the press by the foot Idomeneus dragged 

him. 



Book XIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 277 

Asius beheld, and at once stepped forth resolved to avenge him, 
Fighting on foot ; while behind, at his shoulders, the breath of his 

coursers 
Played, by his charioteer kept close on his steps; at the victor 
Just preparing to thrust ; but he, more ready and watchful, 
Smote him below the chin, in his throat. Right through went the 

weapon. 
Down sank the chief as sinks some oak, or wide-spreading poplar, 
Or as some stately pine on the mountains felled, which the shipwright 
Hews with fresh-whetted axe, to shape some beam for his vessel. (391) 
Thus lay the hero, prostrate before his steeds and his chariot, 
Gnashing his teeth, and clutching the bloody dust in his death-pang. 
Struck was his charioteer with benumbing fear, which deprived him 
Ev'n of the power of thought : nor dared he turn and his coursers 
Save from the enemy's hands. Then brave Antilochus, aiming 
Full at his front, his spear dismissed; nor resisted his corslet, 
Strong-compacted with brass : but the spear stood fixed in his stomach. 
Groaning he fell from the beauteous car, which Antilochus mounting, 
Nestor's heroic son, from amid the ranks of the Trojans (400) 

Drove off in triumph, and mixed with the bright-greaved sons of Achaia. 

Up came Deiphobus, burning with rage at the slaughter of Asius, 
Close to Idomeneus stood, and dismissed his glittering jav'lin. 
Watchful, the prince the act beheld, and eluded the weapon 
Crouching, and lifting oblique the smooth round orb of his buckler 
Formed of the tough bull-hide and of polish'd brass, while within it 
Two strong bars its grasp secured, and strengthened its fabric. 
Over it glanced the brazen spear, and grazing across it 
Gave forth a harsh dry sound; but retaified its force as it bounded 
Off, and it flew not in vain from the pow'rful hand of its master. (410) 
Hippasus' son, Hypsenor, the shepherd and guide of his people, 
Under the waist through the liver it pierced, and he fell in his death- 
pang. 
Thus then in loud and terrific strain Deiphobus shouted : 

"Not unavenged hath Asius fall'n. Methinks that his spirit 
"Wending its dozunwa?'d path through the massive portals of Hades 
Somewhat of joy will feel, to think what a guide I have sent him." 



278 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIII. 

Thus did he boast. But his taunts were as stings to the hearts of 
the Grecians; 
Deepest of all was the gen'rous soul of Antilochus wounded. 
Yet in his wrath did he not forget to protect his companion 
Fall'n; but around him stalked, and o'er him his buckler extended. (420) 
Raising him then from the ground his dear and faithful companions, 
Echius' valiant son Mecisteus and noble Alastor 
Bore him with many a sigh to the hollow ships of the Grecians. 

Nor did Idomeneus yet shrink back, or relax in his efforts ; 
Ever his soul was yearning to wrap some Trojan in darkness, 
Or with a mighty ruin himself to fall for his country. 
Such was his mood when Alcathous he met, who boasted a lineage 
All but divine, from great ^Esyetas. He from Anchises 
Sought and obtained his eldest and fairest daughter in marriage, 
Hippodameia, the cherish'd at heart of her father and mother, (430) 
Light of their home; who her young compeers in mind, as in beauty, 
Far surpassed, and in ev'ry female work and adornment; 
Happy in winning the noblest youth in Troy for a husband, 
Him to Idomeneus' spear an easy conquest Poseidon 
Gave; obscuring his sight and loos'ning the bands of his sinews, 
Nor could he fly nor turn him aside, but dazed and bewildered 
Stood, like some column or lofty tree, awaiting his foeman 
Fixt, unresisting. Full in the breast Idomeneus smote him, 
Hurling his spear, which shattered the brazen strength of his corslet, 
Tearing the stiff defence which so oft had saved him in battle. (440) 
Broken, it gave forth a crackling sound and admitted the weapon; 
Crashing he fell: and fixt in his heart the spear to its handle 
Quivered, through all its length, to the strong rebound of its pulses. 
There was the force of the jav'lin stayed and its fury expended. 
Thus then, in loud and terrific strain Idomeneus shouted : 

"Tell me, Deiphobus: must we not call it a handsome requital, 
Three to be slain for one ? since such is the style of thy boasting. 
Wretch! Wilt thou match thy force with mine, and meet me in 

combat? 
Soon shalt thou learn what the offspring of Zeus in fight can accomplish. 
Hither as such I come. For Minos, sov'reign of Creta, (45°) 



Book XIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 279 

Zeus for his father boasted. Then next Deucalion, the blameless, 
Minos begat; myself Deucalion. In Creta's dominion 
Many are those who own my sway. From Crete in my vessels 
Troy-ward I sailed, to thyself a scourge, to thy father and nation." 

Thus he spake. But Deiphobus doubtful stood; undecided 
Whether, retiring aw/ii/eht should choose some friend from the Trojans, 
Valiant ever in fight, or alone attempt the adventure. 
Soon he resolved on his course. Far wiser he deemed it and better 
Brave ^Eneas to seek. In the rear of the Trojans he found him 
Stationed, holding aloof, for he bore some grudge against Priam, (460) 
Who, with disdainful neglect o'erlooked his prowess, and wisdom. 
Taking his stand the prince beside, then thus he addressed him: 
' Noble ^Eneas! Guardian of Troy in war and in council, 
Up! and avenge thy sister's wedded lord, if thou lov'dst him. 
Follow me. Rescue Alcathous slain who watched o'er thy boyhood 
In thy ancestral halls, by ties of domestic affection 
Bound. From mighty Idomeneus took he his death wound." 

Thus he spake, and the hero's heart was stirred in his bosom. 
Seeking Idomeneus, van-ward he strode, on fire to confront him. 
Nor did Idomeneus shrink, or child-like shun the encounter; (470) 
Firm he stood, like some huge mountain boar who confiding 
Stands in his might, and awaits th' advancing din of the hunters, 
Deep in some desolate pass. Up bristles his back with excitement, 
Fierce glows the fire in his eyes, and he whets his tusks in his fury, 
Ready to rend both dogs and men who shall dare to attack him. 
Thus, collected, the Cretan stood, nor thought of retreating, 
While with a shout ^Eneas advanced. But he called on his comrades 
All within sight: Ascalaphus brave, Deipyrus, Merion, 
Mighty Antilochus, Apaneus too; all chiefs of distinction; (479) 
Claiming their aid : and thus with urgent appeal he addressed them : 

"Hither, my friends! Support me! I stand alone, and .^Eneas 
Rushes upon me. I dread his assault, since ardent and active, 
In the full flow'r of his youth and strength he comes, and accustomed 
Heroes to meet opposed in arms, and to slay them in battle. 
Had I but youth like his to second the spirit within me, 
Great should our combat's glory be to the one or the other." 



280 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIII. 

Thus he spake: and the heroes all collected around him, 
All in one mind, close-locked, with their bucklers sloped to their shoulders. 
This perceiving, ^Eneas on his part called for assistance, 
Paris, Deiphobus, round him pressed, and noble Agenor, (490) 
Leaders of TrOy. And the troops when they heard the summons 

came rushing, 
Num'rous as sheep which follow the lead of the ram, in the meadows, 
Flocking to drink at a pool, while the heart of the shepherd rejoices. 
Thus rejoiced in his bosom the heart of ^Eneas, beholding, 
Gath'ring behind himself and his friends, the host of the Trojans. 
Then round Alcathoiis rose a close and desperate conflict, 
Spear crossing spear : then fearfully rang the bronze of the breastplates 
Under the fast and furious thrusts by each at the other 
Aimed through the thick of the fray: where the two redoubtable 

chieftains, 
Brave ^Eneas, and godlike Idomeneus, valiant as Ares, (50°) 

Each came seeking the other's life, and burned to destroy him. 
First at the Cretan prince was hurled the spear of ^Eneas. 
Deftly shifting Ais ground he avoided the blow; and the weapon 
Held on its course, and deep in the ground stood rooted and quiv'ring, 
Sent on a bootless quest from the mighty hand of its master. 
Then, by Idomeneus' spear through the midriff pierced, JEnomaiis 
Sank. Through the swelling brass beneath his girdle it entered. 
Grasping the dust he fell and his entrails gushed from the death-wound. 
Forth from the Corse the victor his long-forth-shadowing jav'lin (509) 
Plucked ; but to strip from his shoulders his beauteous arms and 

despoil him, 
Time, nor his strength sufficed. Hemmed in by weapons on all sides, 
Feeling no more in his feet their accustomed spring, when he darted 
Forward his spear to recover, or leaped aside from hisfoeman's; 
Still though in standing fight he was firm, and kept death at a 

distance, 
Hardly they bore him with slow and weary steps from the battle. 
Him thus slowly retiring from fight Deiphobus marking 
After him sent a parting spear, for he hated him ever. 
Wide of its mark the weapon flew, but Ascalaphus wounded, 



Book XIII.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



281 



Son 



delights 



m war. 



Through 



the shoulder it 



of the God who 

pierced him, 
Issuing behind. Down sank he, and clutched the ground where he 

grovelled. (5 20 ) 

Nor did the furious God know aught of the death of his offspring, 
Sitting aloof, so Zeus had decreed, on the heights of Olympus, 
Canopied o'er with golden clouds, where the Gods were assembled, 
All, by the dread command of their sire, withheld from the battle : 
Thus saw he nought, nor knew of his fall in that desperate struggle. 

Now round Ascalaphus rose a fierce and terrible combat. 
From the dead hero Deiphobus snatched his glittering helmet : 
Merion however, prompt as Ares, and brave as the war-god, 
Springing upon him, pierced his arm. Then dropped he the helmet. 
Loud was the ring of the crested casque, as from earth it rebounded. 
Pouncing upon him, vulture-like, to 7'ecover his weapon, (53 1) 

Merion tore forth the lance from his wounded arm, and retiring 
Mingled again with the host of his friends. Forth started Polites, 
Grasped round the waist his brother, and bore him forth from the 

combat, 
Out of the press, to the rear, where his coursers stood, to his chariot 
Beauteous and rich to behold by their driver bound, and awaiting 
Only their master's need to bear him away from the battle. 
These to the city Deiphobus bore, all bitterly groaning, 
Fainting with pain, while the blood poured fast from the wound in 

his elbow. 
Meantime the fight went on, and its roar waxed louder and 

fiercer. (54°) 

Aphaneus first, Caletor's son, as he turned to confront him, 
Full in the throat ^Eneas smote, and the head of the hero 
Sideways dropped, by his helmet's weight opprest, and his buckler 
Weighed him down, and the shadows of death came floating around 

him. 
Next upon Thoon Antilochus sprang, who had turned to avoid him 
Ent'ring his back obliquely the spear drove on, in its passage 
Rending away the flesh and all the veins which along it 
Hold their course to the neck; and supine he fell; and extended 



282 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIII. 

Both his hands, in the dust as he lay, for aid to his comrades. 

On rushed Antilochus, seizing his arms, which he stripped from his 

shoulders, (55°) 

Warily looking around him the while. For about him on all sides 
Pressed the Trojans, bristling his shield with many a jav'lin: 
All in vain. Not a spear might graze but the skin of the hero 
Safe in its cover. Mighty Poseidon protected his fav'rite, 
Nestor's offspring, and kept him secure in the midst of the weapons. 
All who came on he faced, nor shrank from his foes, and he held 

them, 
Turning from one to another, at bay; while his jav'lin he brandished 
Now, as in act to hurl it, and now, as watching the moment 
Forward to rush, and thrust it home to the hearts ^/"his foemen. 
Adamas, Asias' son, when uncertain thus he beheld him (560) 

Rushing upon him close, with his lance, in the midst of his buckler, 
Struck him a sharp strong blow: but the dark-haired lord of the 

ocean, 
Grudging so precious a life, enfeebled the force of the weapon. 
Part remained fixed in the shield, like a half-burnt stake. The 

remainder, 
Splintered, flew from his grasp, and strewed the ground with its 

fragments : 
Baffled, the warrior withdrew to his comrades, shunning destruction. 
Merion then aimed his spear at the flying chief; and it struck him 
Deep in the belly's rim, betwixt the groin and the navel; 
Just where to surT'ring mortals the pang of a wound is the keenest; 
There stood the spear infixed : and he struggled and writhed in his 

torment. (57°) 

As when an ox, which herdsmen have bound with cords in the 

mountains, 
Writhes in his bonds, while they drag him along in spite of his struggles, 
Thus for a while he writhed. — Not long — till Merion approaching 
Plucked from the wound and recovered his spear. He fell, and his life 

blood 
Ebbed away, and the darkness of death o'ershadowed his eyeballs. 
Helenus next with Deipyrus closing, full on his temple 



Book XIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 283 

Dealt with his mighty Thracian sword a blow; and the helmet 
Struck from his head. On the ground in the dust it rolled, and a 

Grecian 
Raised it and bore it off from amid the feet of the warriors : 
Down he sank, and night in her ghastly shadow involved him. (580) 
Grief then seized on the soul of Atreus' son, Menelaiis. 
Down on King Helenus threat'ning he came and a jav'lin he brandished 
Pointed and keen, while the Trojan adjusted a shaft to his bowstring : 
Thus together they came : this eager to wound with his jav'lin, 
That in his foematis heart to plant, from his bowstring, an arrow. 
Forth sprang the shaft of the Trojan prince, and it rang on the breast- 
plate 
Convex and smooth, but bounded off and left him uninjured ; 
As from the fan tossed forth on the spacious floor of the thresher 
Lightly rebound the vetches and dark-skinned beans, as they leap forth 
Driv'n by the shrill-voiced blast and the sturdy winnower's impulse : 
Thus from the corslet repelled of that glorious chief Menelaiis (591) 
Far rebounded, blunted and baffled, the shaft of the Trojan. 
Then Menelaiis, great in the roar of battle, his weapon 
Hurled, and it struck the hand which the bow supported, and nailed it 
Fast to the polished wood, pierced through. Then retreated the hero, 
Mingling among the host of his friends, and avoided destruction, 
Trailing the ashen spear from his wounded hand, which disabled 
Hung at his side. But Agenor came, and, extracting the weapon, 
Bound up the hand in a sling of twisted wool, by a servant 
Handed him, eager to aid the shepherd and guide of his people. (600) 

Now came Peisander in full career, against brave Menelaiis 
Rushing, whose adverse fate had marked him for death and destruction, 
Thee, Menelaiis ! to grace with his fall, in the struggle of heroes. 
Thus as they neared each other, when now small space was between 

them, 
First Menelaiis his pointed lance dismissed : but it wandered 
Wide of its mark. Peisander next on the shield of Atreides 
Smote, with a sharp, full blow; but to pierce it availed not. The weapon 
From the wide orb recoiled, and the blade broke short from the 
socket. 



284 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIII. 

Nor did he less exult, nor in aught was his confidence lessened, 
Ev'n when Atreides his sword drew forth all studded with silver (610) 
And at Peisander sprang. He, no whit daunted, a pole-axe 
Drew from beneath his shield. Of bronze was its blade, and the handle 
Long ; smooth olive the wood. At once each struck at the other. 
From Menelaiis' helmet the ridge was shorn, where the horse-tail 
Rises aloft to a plume : but across the front of Peisander 
Just at the spring of the nose fell the sword. The bones it divided : 
Down rolled his bleeding eyes in the dust at his feet, and he writhed 

him 
Falling. Then Menelaiis the corse despoiled, on the bosom 
Planting his heel, and exultingly thus loud boasted the victor : 

"So may ye all relinquish your hold on the ships of the Grecians 
Insolent, overreaching race, insatiate of slaughter, (621) 

Where is the outrage and wrong which ye have not wrought ? What 

scandal 
Brought not on me and my house ? Vile hounds ! Nor the dread 

retribution 
Fear ye, which thundering Zeus, the guardian of homes and of 

friendships, 
Threatens, and yet will accomplish, and lay your city in ruins. 
Honoured and welcomed ye came, but in traifrous guise ye departed, 
Bearing away from her home my fair young wife and my treasures. 
Now, to complete your crimeye. would burn the ships which should bear us 
Homeward ; hurling destructive brands, and slaying our heroes. 
Soon shall your rage be subdued, and a terrible lesson be taught 

you. (630) 

Father Zeus ! supreme as we hold thee in wisdom and justice, 
High above Gods and men. Such deeds as these dost thou sanction ? 
Canst thou abet in their guilt these insolent Trojans, and bid them 
Joy in their course of fraud and crimes, implacable ever 
In their unbridled rage, and yearning for war and destruction? 
Sleep, the delights of love, the charms of song, and the graceful 
Dance — all better than war — all far more pleasing to mortals, 
Yet find a limit in man's desires. To none but the Trojans 
War and its horrors afford an uncloying feast of enjoyment." 



Book XIII.] THE ILTAI> OF HOMER. 285 

Thus spake the brave and blameless chief. From his vanquished 

opponent (640) 

Stripping the blood-stain'd spoils, to his comrades' charge he consigned 

them : 
Then to the front advancing he mixed once more in the combat. 
Forth, to confront him, Harpalion sprang : the son of a sov'reign, 
King Pylaemenes. He to the wars had followed his father; 
Troy he reached ; but his country no more was doomed to revisit. 
Close approaching, his spear he hurled, and the shield of Atreides 
Smote : but in vain, for the brazen point availed not to pierce it, 
Back to the ranks of his friends he fled, destruction avoiding, 
Looking around him the while, lest a spear should reach him re- 
treating. 
Merion perceived, and a dart from his bow he sped, and it struck 
him (650) 

On the right hip from behind. The shaft passed onward, and gliding 
Down, 'twixt the bone and the bladder its course pursued : and 

arrested, 
Down on the spot he sank, in the arms of his friends and companions 
Breathing his last ; like a worm in the dust extended and grov'ling ■ 
While bedewing the ground, his dark blood poured in a torrent. 
Round him, with pious care, his brave Paphlagonians gathered ■ 
Raised, and laid on a chariot his sad remains, and to Ilion 
Bore him in mournful array. In tears his father attended : 
Nor could those tears avail to avenge the death of his offspring. 

Grieving and angered, Paris beheld his fall. In his travels (660) 
Long had he dwelt as a guest with the Paphlagonian warriors. 
Thirsting for vengeance, a rajidom shaft at the Greeks he directed. 
One of the foremost, Euchsemon, a chief both wealthy and valiant, 
Son of the seer Polyeidus, in Corinth who dwelt, had to Troia 
Come, well knowing his fate, with the Grecian fleet : for his father 
Oft had foretold — the good old man — that home in his palace 
Death he would meet in ling'ring and painful disease ; or in battle 
Fall, in defence of the Grecian ships, by the hands of the Trojans. 
This he preferred. Far better he deemed it to die for his country, 
Far less grievous to bear, than disease and disgrace to encounter. (670) 



286 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIII. 

Pierced through the cheeks and the ear he fell ; and the strength from 

his members 
Fled, with his life : and the shades of eternal darkness involved him. 

Thus, like a raging fire, still faster and fiercer, the combat 
Raged, to the left of the ships. Yet came no tidings to Hector, 
How in that quarter the Greeks prevailed; and would soon be 

victorious. 
Such and so mighty the spirit the great earth-shaking Poseidon, 
Breathed through the Argive host, and such the strength that he gave 

them. 
He, at the self-same place where he burst the gate, and where sw aiming, 
O'er the demolished wall came pouring the host of the Trojans, 
Still persisted in furious efforts to break through the Grecians, (680) 
Joining their shields ; where the ships of Aias and Protesilaiis, 
High on the shore of the hoary sea were drawn ; where the rampart 
Lowest was built ; where space was left in front of the vessels, 
Horses and men to muster, in fierce and determined resistance. 
There the Boeotians fought, and there the long-mantled Iones, 
There too the Phthian and Locrian hosts, and the valiant Epeians 
Kept the assault of Hector at bay, and protected the vessels. 
More could they not. Like the blaze of devouring fire was his onset. 
First were the chosen Athenian bands, and among them Menestheus, 
Peteus' son, commanded; and Pheidas, Stichius, Bias (690) 

Lent him their stro?ig support. Next Meges, Phyleus' offspring, 
Headed th' Epeian force, with Drakeios bold, and Amphion ; 
Then came the Phthians, led by Medon and mighty Podarces, 
(Medon indeed, the spurious son of godlike Oileus, 
Brother of Aias himself, at Phylace dwelt, from his country 
Far, having slain a chief, the brother of fair Eriopis, 
Whom, as his lawful bride, his father Oileus had wedded ; 
While, from Iphiclus sprung and in Phylace born, was Podarces); 
These led the Phthian force, and among the Boeotian warriors 
Took their place in the line, and stoutly defended the vessels. (700) 

Aias the swift, Oileus' son, through the stress of the combat 
Not for a moment quitted the great Telamonian hero. 
Just as when two black bulls, through the stubborn soil of a fallow, 



Book XIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 287 

Labour with one accord to drag the plough. Down their foreheads 
Pours, from the roots of their horns outbreaking, the sweat : and 

together, 
Close to the smooth-worn yoke, they press; and each on the other 
Leans, as the furrow they tread, and heave up the soil with the plough- 
share. 
Thus they toiled on, and side by side supported each other. 
Many and brave were the troops of the great Telamonian Aias, 
FolFwing where'er he led, and bearing his ponderous buckler, (710) 
When by fatigue o'erpower'd, he sought relief from its burthen. 
Xot so the Locrians followed the valiant son of Oileus. 
Hand to hand they fought not, nor ventured to close with their 

foemen ; 
Helmets of brazen proof, horse-tailed and glancing they wore not. 
On the tough ashen spear and the buckler's orb they relied not. 
Armed but with arrows and bows, and the wool-twined cord of the 

slinger, 
Came they to Ilion's shore. With these, on the ranks of the Trojans, 
Hurled they destruction frequent and fast, and scattered their 

squadrons. 
These in close-serried lines, and in bright and various armour, 
Fought upon equal terms ; with the bronze-mailed Trojans and 

Hector. (/ 2 °) 

Those, from the rear, concealed from view, with their thick- 
falling missiles 
Daunted the Trojan host and spread confusion among them. 

Now from the tents and ships, with loss and defeat, had the Trojans 
Back been forced to retreat to their wind-swept Ilian city 
Had not Polydamas Hector the brave approached, and addressed him: 
"Hector! Thy spirit is ever averse from counsel and guidance. 
W nat, though the Gods above all with prowess and valour have 

graced thee, 
Wouldst thou be held alike supreme in wisdom and prudence? 
'Tis not for mortal man to be first and greatest in all things. 
Glory to one, and martial exploits by the Gods are accorded; (730) 
One man excels in the dance ; in the song and in harping another ; 



288 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XIII. 



While in the breasts of a few, all-seeing Zeus hath implanted 
Wisdom and forethought, priceless gifts, for the good of the many. 
Such are the saviours of states. They know, and they feel it 

within them. 
Hear me then ! while in a few brief words I declare my opinion. 
Lo ! how, encircling thee round, on all sides blazes the battle : 
Yet, of the Trojan host who have scaled the wall, there are many 
Standing apart with their arms, inactive : while the remainder 
Fight, with the many the few, dispersed through the ships and divided. 
Therefore some space withdraw and call together our leaders, (740) 
So shall we fully discuss our further plans, and determine 
Whether to rush once more on the beaked ships of the Grecians, 
Trusting to Heav'n and our strength for success, or retire from 

the contest, 
Saving ourselves from utter defeat : for sorely I fear me 
Lest they repay us the fearful debt of yesterday's carnage. 
There at the ships is one who but holds him aloof from the battle, 
Dreadful in war ; nor long will abstain when he sees us advancing." 
Thus spake Polydamas. Safe seemed the counsel and pleasing 

to Hector. 
Down on the ground at once he sprang full armed from his chariot, 
And in reply these words addressed in haste to the chieftain: (750) 

"Thou, O Polydamas! here collect our leaders around thee; 
First must I visit our squadrons, and place our battle in safety, 
Soon to return when all is arranged and the troops have their orders." 
White with conspicuous plumes, like a snow-capped peak, he 

departed. 
Shouting, the Tro'ian host and their brave allies he encouraged, 
Flying through all their ranks : while the chiefs great Hector obeying 
Gathered round brave Polydamas, Panthoiis' son, at his summons. 
Hector the while, through the foremost ranks, in the front of the 

battle 
Ranging, Deiphobus sought in vain ; nor King Helenus found he ; 
Adamas, Asias' son; nor Asius, Hyrtacus' offspring. (760) 

Many a Trojan, wounded, though not unto death, he encountered; 
Many a hero stretched on the sand, by the sterns of the vessels, 



Book XIII.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



Lifeless he found, struck down by the slaughtering brands of 

the Argives, 
Or at the wall, by their spears and darts transfixed and expiring. 
Paris he soon perceived, the fair-haired Helena's husband, 
Fighting, grievously prest on the left of the field, and his comrades 
Cheering, and urging them on with encouraging words to the conflict. 
Hector approached, and in bitter mood thus sharply addressed him : 
"Paris! too fatally fair! Seducer of women ! Deceiver! 
Where is Deiphobus? Where King Helenus, J>roJ>het and warrior? 
Adamas, Asias' son, and Asius, Hyrtacus' offspring? (77 1) 

Where is Othryoneus ? Now, alas ! from her base to her summit 
Ilion nods to her fall. Now sure destruction awaits us !" 

Paris in gentle terms replied, addressing his brother : 
"Hector ! thy words are unjust. This time thy reproof I deserve not, 
Backward indeed may I sometimes seem, — less eager for combat, 
Yet not wanting in courage or force hath my mother produced me. 
Here, since first at the ships thou formed'st the array of our battle 
Firm have we stood, and unflinching repelled th' assault of the Grecians. 
As for the friends thou seek'st they are dead. Deiphobus only, 
Helenus too, from the field have retired disabled, and wounded 
Each in the hand by a spear : though by Zeus preserved from 

destruction. 
Now lead on wherever thy heart and spirit direct thee, 
Fully resolved, we follow. No cause shalt thou have to reproach us, 
Nor shall our courage fail thee in all that man can accomplish. 
Bear, however, this truth in mi?id, and be just to our efforts: 
No one beyond his strength can fight, how willing soever." 

Soft fell the hero's words and appeased the mood of his brother. 
Thither they fared, where loudest rose the din of the combat 
Round Cebriones, round Polydamas noble and valiant, (79°) 

Phalces, Orthaeus the bold, and the all but divine Polypaetes, 
Palmys, and both* Hyppotion's sons, Ascanius and Morys, 
Who but the day before from the fertile plains of Ascania 
Joined, reinforcing the Trojans; by Zeus hurried on to the battle. 
On they rushed, like the wrathful blast which down from the mountains, 
Driv'n by the thunders of Zeus, invades the plain, to the ocean, 



*9 



290 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XIII. 



Sweeping in wild uproar, high tossing the billows beneath it 
Churned into foam, and curled aloft, and dashing together 
Loud-resounding; — wave upon wave, one chasing another: 
Thus came the Trojans, rank upon rank, and squadron on 

squadron, (800) 

Sweeping along, as refulgent in arms they followed their leaders. 
Priam's heroic son in the van, like death-dealing Ares, 
Marched ; his bright and full-orb'd shield uprearing before him 
Thickened with many a hide, and with bronze o'erlaid. From 

his temples 
Flashed with each nod as he moved the brazen gleam of his helmet. 
Each of the Grecian bands in turn he essayed, and advancing 
Under that mighty shield, he tried their force and endurance. 
Yet not an Argive heart knew fear, nor shrank from the trial. 
Aias at length strode forth from their line, and provoked him to 

battle : 
"Madman! come on! Thus think'st thou then to frighten the 

Grecians? (810) 

We too know something of warlike deeds, and martial encounters, 
Albeit the wrath of Zeus just now weighs heavy upon us. 
High are thy hopes, no doubt, to ravage our fleet, and destroy us; 
We too however have hands and hearts, and know to defend them. 
Long before that shall your vaunted Troy, so rich and so peopled, 
Lie at our feet, by Grecian hands destroyed and subverted. 
Thou thyself, be assured, to Zeus and to all the immortals 
Soon shalt have cause in thy terror to pray, that, fleeter than falcons 
Scouring the plain in headlong flight, in dust and dishonour 
Soiling their snowy manes, thy steeds to the city may bear thee." (820) 

Thus as he spake, behold ! on his right high soaring an eagle 
Floated conspicuous in air. Then arose a shout from the Argives 
Hailing the omen with joy; while Hector sternly responded: 
"Aias ! boastful and loud ! what words are these thou hast spoken? 
Would I were half so sure to be called a child of the Thund'rer, 
Ever in life and in light to reign, as if Hera had borne me 
Honoured by Gods and men like Athena herself, or Apollo, 
As that this very day shall destruction bring to the Grecians 



Book XIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 291 

One and all. Nor thyself shalt escape shouldst thou dare to 

withstand me — 
Dare to await my spear. Thy dainty flesh shall it feed on ! (830) 
Dogs and the vultures of Troy shall tear thy limbs, and shall fatten 
On thy unburied remains outstretched on the shore by the vessels." 
Thus having said the assault he led. Loud shouts from his foll'wers 
Rose ; and the ranks behind redoubled the shouts of the foremost. 
Shouted the Greeks in reply ; and, their ancient prowess rememb'ring 
Stood to their arms ; and unmoved, the Troian onset awaited. 
Borne through the air to the courts of Zeus their clamour ascended. 



19 — 2 



THE ILIAD 



BOOK XIV. 



BOOK THE FOURTEENTH. 



Argument. 

Nestor alarmed at the near approach of the Trojans seeks Agamemnon, 
whom he finds in co??ipany with Odysseus and Diomede. Agamemnon 
advises to launch the ships and make a precipitate retreat. Odysseus 
reproves him. Dioinede proposes, wounded as they are, to shew themselves 
and encourage the troops. 0?i their way Poseidon encourages Agameinnon. 
Hera, to inveigle Zeus, adorns herself atid borrows the cestus of Aphrodite, 
then^ with the aid of the God of Sleep, she succeeds in encha7iting Zeus 
with her char?ns, and throwing him into a deep sleep. Of this Poseidon 
takes advantage, a7id openly succours the Greeks. Heclor is struck down 
by Aias with a huge stone and carried off the field. The Trojans again 
give way. 



ILIAD. BOOK XIV. 



TVfESTOR the shouting heard, where he sate retired with Machaon, 

Quaffing the dark-red wine; and thus he bespake his companion : 
"Tell me, Machaon divine, what means this unwonted confusion? 
Loud, and nearer the shouts of our youth approach to the vessels. 
Stay thou here, and with cordial wine replenish thy goblet. 
While Hecamede the genial bath prepares for thy comfort, 
Strength' 'ning and warm, and cleanses the clotted gore from thy shoulder, 
I to some lofty point will proceed, and observe what is passing." 
Thus he spake, and the gorgeous shield of his son Thrasymedes 
Lying by chance in his tent he took, all brazen and gleaming; (10) 

(He, by some hap, had borne his father's shield in the combat), 
Snatched up his trusty spear with bronze sharp pointed, and issued 
Forth from his tent. Unseemly and sad was the sight that he 

witnessed — 
Greeks in confused retreat, and the haughty Trojans pursuing, 
Routing their rear: and the wall they had built to protecl them 

demolished. 
As when with balanced sway, all silently heaving, the ocean 
Darkens, idly awaiting the shrill-voiced wind which shall drive it 
This way or that : uncertain it swells and subsides, till the moment 
Comes, when some heav'n-sent blast determines the sweep of its 

billows : 
Thus the old chief in his mind debated, much undecided, (20) 
Whether at once to join the Greeks and share in the conflict, 



296 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIV. 

Or to Atreides repair, the shepherd and guide of his people. 
This he at length resolved; for wiser it seemed in his judgment 
Great Agamemnon to seek. Meanwhile contending, the warriors 
Slew and were slain. Loud clanged the protecting bronze on their 

bosoms, 
Under the fast-falling strokes of spears and two-edged falchions. 
Nestor, the while, on his path the Grecian princes encountered, 
Wending their way by the ships; those chiefs whom wounds had 

disabled ; 
Atreus' son, Agamemnon ; Odysseus ; brave Diomedes. 
Far from the scene of combat the Grecian vessels were stationed, (30) 
High drawn up on the shore of the hoary sea; and beyond it, 
Far on the land were the first, whose sterns by a wall were protected. 
Broad was the beach, yet sufficed it not for the number of vessels. 
Close together arranged they stood, and the people were crowded. 
Rank behind rank drawn up, they filled, in unbroken succession, 
All the recess of the spacious bay, from headland to headland. 
There came the princes, pacing along, and viewing the battle, 
Leaning upon their spears : while dismal a?id gloomy forebodings 
Saddened their souls. Nor did Nestor's observed approach reassure 

them. 
Filled were their hearts with alarm, when they saw him advancing to 

meet them. (40) 

King Agamemnon first demanded the cause of his coming: 
"Nestor! Neleus' son, thou glory and pride of Achaia! 
AVhy art thou here? Why leav'st thou the bleediftg ranks of the battle? 
Sorely I dread lest Hector make good that vaunt which he uttered, 
Threat'ning aloud, and with boastful words haranguing his Trojans. 
Never, he swore, would he quit our ships and return to the city, 
Till in one fiery blaze he had wrapped them, and slaughtered our 

army. 
Thus he harangued, thus threatened, and now will his threats be 

accomplished. 
Doubtless, ye Gods ! the rest of the Greeks, no less than Achilles, 
Hate me, and harbour resentful thoughts against their commander, (50) 
Else would they surely fight, thus pushed to the sterns of their vessels." 



Book XIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 297 

Thus then replied that ancient knight, Gerenian Nestor : 
"Such is our state indeed ! Too true the things thou hast spoken. 
Scarce could the Thunderer's self avert the ruin impending. 
Fall'n is our rampart wall, that all but impregnable barrier, 
Which, as the sure defence of ourselves and vessels, we trusted. 
Still however in front of the ships our obstinate conflict 
Rages. 'Twere hard to say, how close soe'er thine inspection, 
Y\ here is the direst confusion, where worst the Grecians are routed. 
All promiscuous they fall, and the skies are rent by the clamour; (60) 
Therefore consider we now what course to adopt, if our counsels 
Aught may avail in so dire a strait. For to rush into battle 
Counsel I not. The wounded can lend but feeble assistance." 

Thus then in turn responded the king of men, Agamemnon : 
"Nestor! now that in front of our ships the battle is raging, 
Now that our wall unavailing has proved, and the trench, which the 

Grecians 
Fought so hard to defend, — which we thought an impassable barrier, 
Which, as the sure defence of ourselves and our armies, we trusted; 
Clearly I see that Almighty Zeus hath willed our destruction, 
Willed that from Argos afar the Greeks inglorious shall perish. (70) 
Once I fondly believed that he favoured our cause and would aid us, 
Now the reverse is clear. Like Gods he honours the Trojans, 
Greece he forsakes, and binds our hands and enfeebles our courage. 
Now then attend to my words, and lend me all your assistance; 
Let us at once these ships which are nearest the shore to the water 
Draw, thus clearing the beach, and set them afloat on the ocean, 
Moored to their sleepers. There let them ride till night shall 

envelope 
All in her veil, and the Trojans awhile shall cease to assail us. 
Then let us launch the rest, and embark; for blameless I hold it, 
Even by night, if we can, to escape from certain destruction. (80) 
Better to fly and be safe, than remain and fall into mischief." 

Scornfully frowning thus replied the thoughtful Odysseus : 
"What do I hear? What words have escaped thy lips, O Atreides? 
Craven ! would that some other, some baser host thou commandedst, 
Rather than us with thy sway disgrace, to whom Zeus hath accorded 



298 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIV. 

Ever, from youth to age, with honour to fight, and accomplish 
Each stern duty of war, until death shall crown us with glory. 
What? wouldst thou then abandon the wide-wayed city of Troia, 
Long beleaguered, at such dire cost of endurance and hardship? 
Speak not those words again, lest some other Achaian should hear 
them : (90) 

Words, which to pass his lips no mortal would ever have suffered, 
Gifted with spirit and sense to discern the right and the prudent : 
Much less a king, and the king of a mighty nation, in numbers 
Such, and in warlike fame as that thou rulest in Argos. 
Nor do I less thy judgment impeach than thy spirit and courage: 
Who, while the battle is raging aloud, wouldst order the vessels 
Down to the sea to be drawn, to complete the joy of the Trojans, 
Giving them all their heart's desire, already victorious, 
Headlong destruction bringing on Greece : for how can the Argives 
Fight, and their ground maintain, while dragging their ships to the 
ocean? ( IO °) 

That to perform they must quit their ranks, and abandon the battle, 
Such were the end of thy scheme ! Most sage and valorous leader !" 

Then making answer replied the king of men, Agamemnon : 
"Deeply I feel thy cutting and sharp reproof, O Odysseus! 
Nor have I yet commanded the Greeks to abandon the battle, 
Launch their ships on the deep, unwilling, and fly from destruction. 
Therefore, whoe'er he be who shall proffer a wiser opinion, 
Old or young, let him speak, and with joy will Atreides receive it." 

Then Diomedes, great in the roar of battle, responded : 
" Here is the man, not far to seek, if indeed ye be willing, (no) 

Calmly to hear, nor reject with disdain the advice I shall offer, 
Wanting the sanction of riper years and maturer experience. 
Yet from a brave and noble sire may I boast my extraction, 
Tydeus, whose high sepulchral mound is conspicuous in Thebas. 
Portheus had three brave sons, distinguished for virtue and valour, 
Who in the lofty Calydon dwelt, and the city of Pleuron, 
Agrius, Melas, and, last by birth though foremost in prowess, 
(Eneus, my father's sire, that fierce and redoubtable horseman. 
CEneus at home remained, but my father, an exile, to Argos 



Book XIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 299 

Wandering, dwelt : so Zeus ordained and the other immortals. (120) 
There, to Adrastus' daughter wedded, he built him a mansion 
Stately, and lived in wealth. Full many an acre of corn-land, 
Owned him for lord ; rich vineyards ; flocks and herds in abundance. 
Far before all in Achaia his fame went forth as a warrior. 
Things like these, well known, must needs be fresh in your mem'ries. 
Scorn not then my advice as of one unworthy your notice, 
Base-born and low, of a race unknown to fame and distinction. 
Let us at once to the fight, though wounded. Such is our duty, 
Yet must we stand aloof, and bear no part in the combat, 
Out of the reach of arrows, lest wound on wound be inflicted. (130) 
There be our task, to cheer the brave, and urge on the laggard, 
Such as delight not in war, and would spare themselves in the struggle." 

Thus he spake, and the chiefs gave heed to his words and obeyed 
them. 
Forth they wended ; the way being led by king Agamemnon. 

Watchful beheld their march the great earth-shaking Poseidon, 
Who in the form of an ancient warrior advancing to meet them, 
Grasped, and pressing with friendly warmth the hand of Atreides, 
Thus with encouraging words revived the hopes of the monarch : 

"Royal Atreides ! Now doth the vengeful heart of Achilles 
Leap in his bosom for joy, when he sees the defeat of the Grecians, (140) 
Routed and slain ; devoid alike of shame and of pity. 
So may he perish ! so with disgrace may the Gods overwhelm him ! 
Think not howbeit they all in wrath thy cause have abandoned. 
Yet shall thine eyes behold the Troian princes and leaders, 
Scouring in headlong flight o'er the dusty plain, and to Ilion 
Hurrying, and leaving behind our tents and vessels uninjured." 

Thus having said, he left them, and rushed o'er the plain to the battle 
Furious, sending before him a dire and terrible war-cry 
Loud as the shout of ten thousand warriors closing in battle. 
Such and so vast the roar from the ample chest of Poseidon (150) 
Sent forth abroad. Fresh strength to each Grecian heart it imparted, 
Still to maintain the struggle, and fight it out to the utmost. 

Here now from her golden throne on the heights of Olympus 
Turned her resplendent eyes, to behold the aclions of 7nortals. 



3oo THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIV. 

Soon she perceived and knew her brother (her own and her consort's) 
Actively mixing in fight, and her soul rejoiced when she saw him, 
Zeus too, on Ida's loftiest peak all streaming with fountains, 
Sitting apart she beheld, and her heart was embittered with hatred. 
Straightway, however, the thought arose in the mind of the goddess, 
How to beguile, and divert for a time, the Thund'rer's attention. (160) 
This to her mind appeared the most available counsel : 
Ida to seek, arrayed in all her choicest adornments, 
There in soft dalliance to hold him engaged, unsuspecting and 

careless, 
Till o'er his senses should steal the o'erpow'ring pressure of slumber, 
Quenching the light of his eyes in darkness, his thoughts in oblivion. 
So to her chamber fair she repaired, by Hephaestus constructed. 
Closed were its solid doors with a secret bolt, which his mother 
Only, among the Gods, possessed the skill to unfasten. 
Entered, she closed the door, and locked it secure from intrusion. 
Then with Ambrosia laved her pure and delicate person, i 1 '] ) 

Making the fair yet fairer, and rich ambrosial unguents 
Copious affused, and odorous oils, which, sprinkling the pavement, 
Wafted afar through the bow'r and the bronze-built halls of Olympus 
Fragrance, by winds caught up and diffused through earth and through 

heaven. 
Such the perfume from the Goddess that breathed. Then combing 

her tresses, 
Wavy and bright; with her slender fingers she twined them in ringlets, 
From her immortal head down rippling i7i gold der her shoulders. 
Next round her form an ambrosial robe she flung, by Athene 
Curiously wrought, with many a wond'rous feat of embroid'ry, 
Which to confine o'er her bosom, with golden clasps she secured it; 
Adding a zone of an hundred fringes her waist to encircle. (181) 
Gleaming pendants hung from her pierced ears, and a jewel 
Threefold sparkled in each. All grace shone forth in her movements. 
Floating adown from her queenly head a veil there descended 
Beauteous and newly wrought, which shone like the sun in its splen- 
dour. 
Under her snowy feet her sandals rich she adjusted; 



Book XIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



Stepped forth then from her chamber in perfect and faultless adorn- 
ment, 
And to her presence summoned the goddess of smiles, Aphrodite. 
Thus then, apart from the rest of the Gods, she blandly addressed her : 

" Say, dear child ! wilt thou give me thine aid and do what I ask 
thee? ( I 9°) 

Or must I look for nought at thy hands save angry refusal 
For that I favour the Greeks, thy wishes inclining to Troia?" 
Thus then spake in reply the daughter of Zeus, Aphrodite: 
"Here! Goddess august and revered! great daughter of Kronos ! 
Only declare thy will, and be sure of my ready obedience, 
If it be aught that lies within my pow'r to accomplish." 

Thus then, in words of deceptive guile, great Hera responded: 
"Give me that charm of love and of unresisted attraction, ' 
Which to thy will subdues all hearts of Gods and of mortals. 
Now on a visit I go unto Earth's extremes, where the Ocean, (200) 
Parent of Gods, extends, and to Tethys, mother of all things. 
These received me from Rhea : they nursed with care and they reared 

me 
In their primeval mansion, when Zeus with Kronos contending 
Whelmed him beneath the earth and the barren expanse of the waters: 
Thither I go on a mission of peace, to heal their dissensions. 
Long have they kept asunder, refusing each other's embraces, 
Shunning their mutual couch, their hearts embittered by anger. 
Could I with soft persuasive words appease their aversion, 
Bring them together again, and join them in love for the future, 
How would they then revere my name and acknowledge my kind- 
ness!" (210) 
Then making answer replied the goddess of smiles Aphrodite: 
"Vain in itself, and unseemly too, were the thought of refusal 
To the great queen of heav'n who reclines in the arms of its sov'reign." 
Thus she spake, and unbound from her w r aist th' all-powerful cestus, 
Wondrously wrought, in whose circuit lurked each charm and allure- 
ment, 
Longing Desire and adoring Love, sweet mutual Endearment, 
Soft seductive Persuasion which steals the soul from the prudent. 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIV. 



This in the hands of Hera she placed, and thus she bespake her: 
" Take this sash, conceal it, and wear it pressed to thy bosom. 
In its embroidered circlet are all my charms. It will aid thee (220) 
All thou desir'st to perform; nor return with thy wish unaccomplished." 

Thus she spake; and with smiles the goddess accepted the cestus: 
Joy dilating her glorious eyes, in her bosom she placed it. 

Then to her palace returned the daughter of Zeus, Aphrodite. 
Here down from Olympus plunged, not losing a moment, 
Swift o'er the rich Pierian plains, and Emathia the lovely, 
Passed; and o'er Thracia's snowy peaks and loftiest summits 
Skimmed ; her feet not touching the earth : then downward from Athos 
Glancing swept, far borne o'er the billowy face of the Ocean, 
Lemnos at length she reached, the realm of Thoas the Godlike. (230) 
There the abode of Sleep, Death's brother, she sought: having found 

him 
Eager she clung to his hand, and named him by name, and addressed 

him : 
tl Sleep ! subduer of every God, of every mortal ! 
If thou hast e'er obeyed my words, or accomplished my wishes, 
Now be persuaded ; and grateful for ever henceforth shalt thou find me. 
Close the refulgent eyes of Zeus, and weigh down his eyelids, 
Soon as in love's soft trance on his couch reclined thou shalt find him ; 
So will I give thee a golden throne untarnishing, gorgeous, 
This shall my limping son, my Hephaestus, make ; for thy comfort, 
Placing beneath it a rich-wrought footstool soft and convenient, (240) 
Where thou mayst rest thy feet in luxurious ease, at thy banquets." 

Thus making answer replied the soft dispenser of slumbers : . 
"Here! Goddess august and revered! great daughter of Kronos ; 
Over all other Gods might I wave my rod, and in slumber 
Easily seal their eyes. Not Oceanus' self could resist me, 
Though round the world his streams he roll, the producer of all things. 
Zeus however I may not approach, unbidden, uncalled for, 
Nor on Kronion's lids presume to shed my enchantments. 
Once before has thy dread command impelled me to try it, 
When his own ail-too daring son, the mighty Heracles, ( 2 5°) 

Sailed from the Troian shores, full flushed with the conquest of Ilion. 



Book XIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 303 

Then did I pour myself round the Thunderers soul, and insidious 
Steal on his sense, while thou wrought'st out thy project of mischief, 
Rousing the angry Avinds and scattering his fleet o'er the waters ; 
Hurrying the hero away, deprived of his friends and companions, 
Far aside to the Coan Isle. When the Father awakened 
Dire was his wrath ; and Gods on Gods he hurled through Olympus. 
Me did he chiefly seek, and down to the sea had he dashed me 
Lost for ever : but Night was my refuge. Flying I sought her 
Mother of Gods and men. For Zeus, however indignant, (260) 
Dreaded the realm to invade of that swift mysterious Power. 
And shall I now once more incur so fearful a hazard ? " 

Thus he spake, and thus imperial Hera responded : 
"Why art thou thus dismayed, O Sleep? Why talkst thou of danger? 
Think'st thou that thundering Zeus such vengeance will take for the 

Trojans 
As for Heracles, his own dear son, when his wrath was excited ? 
Hear me ! Do this, and a bride will I give thee, one of my Graces, 
Youngest and fairest of all, Pasithea's self. Thou shalt wed her, 
Her, whom thy heart for many a day hath worshipped and longed for." 

Thus she spake, and delighted Sleep this answer returned her : (270) 
"Swear then! Swear by the dark inviolate Stygian torrent! 
Stretch forth one of thine hands on the fruitful earth, and the other 
Over the cold and barren expanse of the sea; and to witness, 
Call those infernal and awful Gods, the associates of Kronos, 
That thou wilt give me Pasithea's self, of thy Graces the youngest, 
Her whom my heart hath so long desired, and unite us in wedlock." 

Thus insisting he spake: nor did Hera refuse her compliance; 
What he requir'd she swore; and she named the names of the Titans, 
(So are they called) beneath Tartarus dwelling in pam and in darkness ; 
Calling them all to witness. When now the oath was completed (280) 
Forth they fared: the Lemnian isle and the cities of Imbros 
Leaving, in mist involved they pursued their path o'er the waters. 
Ida, the nurse of savage beasts and the mother of fountains, 
Soon did they reach, and Lectos where first they quitted the Ocean. 
Thence over land they swept, and the dense woods shivered beneath 
them. 



3<H 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XIV. 



There, to avoid the eyes of Zeus, Sleep lingered behind her, 
Mounting aloft on a spiry fir, the tallest on Ida, 
Rearing through cloud and mist its stately form to the Heavens. 
There did he sit, concealed by its thick o'ershadowing branches, 
Likened in form to the bird which sends forth its shriek to the night- 
wind, (290) 
Chalcis called by the Gods, but to mortals known as Cymindis. 

Hera to Gargarus now, the loftiest summit of Ida, 
Speeded. The cloud-compelling Zeus perceived her approaching. 
Soon as he saw her, love o'er his senses stole, and a rapture 
Seized on his soul like that when first he gained her affections, 
Leading her, nothing loth, to his couch, unknown to their parents. 
Rising to meet her he went, and endearingly named and addressed her: 
"Hera ! Why leav'st thou Olympus? What cause hath brought thee to 

Ida? 
Why do I see thee here without thy steeds and thy chariot?" 

Thus then in words of deceptive guile bright Hera responded 1(300) 
"Hence on a visit I go unto earth's extremes, where the Ocean, 
Parent of Gods, extends, and Tethys, mother of all things. 
These in their mansion received, and reared me with care and with 

kindness, 
Thither I go on a mission of peace, to heal their dissensions. 
Long have they kept asunder, refusing each other's embraces, 
Shunning their mutual couch, their hearts embittered with anger. 
Here on the skirts of many-rilled Ida my steeds and my chariot 
Stand, awaiting my pleasure, to bear me o'er land and o'er ocean. 
Thou thyself art the cause that to Ida I come, thy permission 
Seeking; so that hereafter thou blame me not, as in secret (310) 
Stealing away to visit the ocean Pow'rs in their palace." 

Thus to her artful speech the cloud-compeller responded: 
"Hera ! suffice some future day to accomplish thy mission. 
This, ere it pass, to love and to joy let us give: for more beauteous 
Ne'er didst thou seem i?i mine eyes, nor ever for Goddess or woman 
Glowed my heart with such rapturous love as now that I view thee. 
Not so loved I Ixion's spouse, who, returning my passion, 
Made me Peirithoiis' sire, that rival of gods in his wisdom : 



Book XIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 305 

Not so inspired me Danae the fair, Acrisius' daughter, 
Mother of mighty Perseus, the most illustrious of warriors: (320) 
Not so the daughter of Phoenix, the first and most famous of Princes, 
She to whom Minos owed his birth, and divine Rhadamanthus : 
Not so Semele, not so the lovely Theban Alcmena 
(Semele gave Dionysus birth, chief solace of mortals, 
Fair Alcmena my noble son, the mighty Heracles) : 
Not so the yellow locks and the queenly grace of Demeter, 
Leto, or ev'n thyself in the pride of thy maide?ily beauty, 
Filled me with love like that thy charms now raise in my bosom." 
Thus then in words of deceptive guile bright Hera responded : 
"Offspring of Kronos dread ! What words are these thou hast spoken? 
This is no fitting place in love to indulge and in dalliance, (33 1 ) 

Here upon Ida's top where all is exposed and unsheltered. 
How would it be if one of the Gods should chance to behold us 
Locked in each other's arms in sleep? and should hie to Olympus 
Telling the tale? And think'st thou I e'er could return to our palace, 
Fresh from thy arms ? / should sink, o'erwhelmed with shame and 

confusion. 
Yet if thou long for the sweet exchange of love and endearment, 
Shun we the public gaze. Thy Hephaestus hath built thee a chamber, 
High on Olympus, by doors and bolts secured from intrusion : 
There, if thou wilt, retire, a?id spare my shame and my blushes." (340) 

Then making answer in turn, the cloud-compeller responded : 
"Dread not, Hera! the gaze to encounter of Gods or of mortals; 
Such and so dense a golden cloud will I raise to involve us, 
Not the all-seeing sun, whose beams through the earth and the 

heavens 
Dart, shall avail to pierce that thick, mysterious covert." 
Thus he spake, and her beauteous form in his arms he encircled. 
Straightway the earth from her teeming lap fresh flow'rs in abundance 
Poured forth. The crocus bright and the hyacinth sprang, and the 

lotus 
Dewy; and soft interwoven they swelled, and bore up the lovers, (349) 
Forming their couch: and above them a cloud all fragrant and golden 
Gathered, and. pearly dews distilled, as it thickened around them. 



3 o6 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIV. 



Thus in the arms of Hera, by love and by sleep overpowered, 
Zeus on Gargarus' height lay entranced, forgetful of all things. 
Sleep without loss of time set forth for the ships of the Grecians, 
Bearing the news to the God who surrounds the world with his waters. 
Close to his elbow he stood, and thus delivered his message : 
"Now, O Poseidon! bestow thy heartiest aid on the Grecians; 
Lead them to victory on: for a while at least, while Kronion 
Lies by my pow'r subdued, and wrapped in a mantle of slumber, 
Yielding himself to love's soft spells and Hera's delusions." (360) 

Ending, he flew to dispense his gentle solace to mortals. 
Then on another and bolder effort Poseidon determined. 
Springing at once to the front, in a voice of thunder he shouted: 
"Argives! Victory thus will ye tamely abandon to Hector, 
Yield to the son of Priam your ships, and crown him with glory? 
Only because Achilles still holds him aloof in his anger, 
Dares he put forth this vaunt and indulge in this insolent menace. 
Small were our need of Achilles' aid, were we only determined 
Firmly to hold our ground, and stoutly stand by each other. 
Up then! Let all attend, and let each man do as I order. (370) 
All whose heads by the best and strongest helms are protected, 
All who carry the broadest shields, whose lances are longest, 
All who have strength to wield such weapons and courage to use them, 
Follow my lead. Let us on ! and we soon shall see whether Hector, 
Let him be ever so eager for fight, will dare to await us. 
Such of the brave and strong, as have small, unsuitable bucklers, 
Change them with feebler men whom weightier shields but encumber." 

Thus he spake ; and all to his words gave ear and obeyed him. 
Wounded and lame as they were, the Princes lent their assistance. 
Brave Diomedes, Odysseus, and Atreus' son, Agamemnon, (380) 
Aided the troops to exchange their ill-sorted arms, and allotted 
Such as were best to the stalwart and brave; the worst to the feeble. 
Soon they resumed their ranks, having donned their glittering armour, 
Then marched on. At their head the great earth-shaking Poseidon 
Bore in his pow'rful grasp a long and ponderous falchion, 
Lightning-flashing and dreadful to view. Recoiling with horror, 
Mortal valour rebuked would shrink, nor venture to face it. 



Book XIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 307 

Hector to meet such stern assault concentered his forces, 
Undismayed, and arrayed them with care in th' order of battle. 
Fiercer than ever before, both sides prepared for the struggle, (390) 
Azure Poseidon leading the Greeks, great Hector the Trojans. 
Furious the sea dashed up to the ships and tents of the Grecians, 
Arjsw'ring with rude applause to their shout as they closed in the 

conflict : 
Not with a wilder roar do its waves roll in from the offing, 
Scourging some rocky beach, with the blasts of impetuous Boreas; 
Not with such whirlwind rush do the crackling flames of a mountain 
Roar, in some rifted gorge confined, where the forests are blazing ; 
Not with such fierce persistent howl do the winds in their fury 
Tear through the foliage d crowns of the lofty oaks that oppose them; — 
As through the field prevailed when the Greeks closed in on the 

Trojans, (4°°) 

Shouting defiance and rage, and rending the sky with their clamour. 

Hector first on advancing Aias darted his jav'lin, 
Full at his breast, and the spear went straight to its mark; bat alighted 
Just where the two broad belts on his bosom crossed, which supported, 
This, his enormous shield ; that, the sword with its scabbard of silver. 
Thus he escaped unhurt, while Hector, baffled and angry 
So to have failed, and in vain dismissed the spear that he trusted, 
Back to the ranks of his friends 'withdrew, in bitter vexation. 
FoU'wing him up as he went, the great Telamonian Aias 
Lifted one of the blocks which beneath their feet in abundance (410) 
Lay, having served as supports for the ships, and hurled it against 

him, 
Whirling it round : and it spun like a top from his hands, and alighting 
Over the rim of his shield, where springs the neck from the shoulder, 
Crushed him down. Like an oak he fell, which the bolt of the 

thund'rer 
Smites from its root, amid smould'ring smoke and sulphury vapour, 
Signs of his wrath, and a shudder of dread on ail who behold it 
Fails, when in presence thus they witness the might of Kronion. 
Suddenly smitten to earth thus Hector lay, and his jav'lin 
Quitted his grasp, and his mighty shield and helm overwhelmed him. 



20- 



3 o8 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIV. 

While in his fall loud clashed his brazen and various armour, (420) 
Up to the spot ran shouting in crowds the sons of Achaia. 
Hoping to drag and despoil his corse, and many a weapon 
Aimed at him where he lay; but that form so royal and sacred 
Spear nor arrow availed to wound: for the Princes of Troia 
Gathered around him, Polydamas brave, and godlike Agenor, 
Great ^neas, Sarpedon the Lycian sov'reign, and Glaucus. 
Nor did the rest of his friends neglect the defence of their leader. 
Round him they closed their full-orb'd shields; while others behind 

them 
Lifted and bore him off from the press : then sought out his chariot 
Far in the rear, where his horses stood, and attendants, who held them 
Ready at need to the bright car harnessed. There did they lay 
him, (431) 

Gently towards the city the groaning hero conveying. 

Now had they reached the ford of the fair wide-eddying Xanthus, 
Xanthus, offspring of Zeus immortal. There they alighted, 
Lifting him softly down from the car; and water they sprinkled, 
Copious and fresh. Then he breathed once more, and lifting his 

eyelids 
Looked on the sky; then knelt, black gore from his bosom ejecting; 
Then once more sunk back on the ground, and the shadows of 

darkness 
Gathered afresh round his swimming sight, and his senses forsook him. 
Soon as the Greeks perceived great Hector borne from the 
combat, (440) 

On with renewed and impetuous force they rushed at the Trojans. 
Foremost of all sprang forward the swift Oilean Aias: 
Satnius, CEnops' son, with his spear he pierced, whom a Naiad 
Bore, on the flowery banks of Satnio's stream, by his father 
CEnops frequented, who tended his flocks and herds on its borders. 
Him on the flank Oileus smote, the redoubtable spearman 
Closing upon him. Supine on the ground he fell, and above him 
Trojans and Greeks engaged in a fierce and desperate struggle 
Mighty Polydamas, Panthous son, stood forth his avenger, 
Hurled his spear, and full on his shoulder struck Prothoenor, (450) 



Book XIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 309 

Great Areilochus' son. The spear passed straight through the 

shoulder, 
Issuing behind : and he fell, and clutched the dust in his death-pang, 
Thus then in loud and arrogant tones Polydamas shouted : 
"Never in vain, methinks, doth a jav'lin speed on its errand 
Sent from the strong right hand of Panthoiis' son. In his person 
One of the Greeks just now hath felt its point. Let him take it: 
Fit support for his downward steps to the mansion of Hades." 
Such was his vaunt, and stirred was each Argive heart at the 

insult ; 
Deeply it moved the wrath of the great Telamonian Aias, (459) 
Close at whose side he stood when struck; who, lifting his weapon, 
Aimed it full at the Trojan chief in the act of retiring. 
Deftly springing aside from the blow, black death he avoided, 
While in his stead Archilochus, offspring of godlike Antenor, 
Caught the full force of the blow, foredoomed by the Gods to 

destruction j 
Just at the nape, where the neck sustains the head, it alighted, 
Cutting the bones and tearing the two strong sinews asunder: 
Down dropped his head : on the face it fell, and the mouth and the 

nostrils 
Reached the ground, while the limbs for a moment supported his 

body. 
Answering then to Polydamas' taunt, great Aias responded : 
"Man for man, come tell me, Polydamas! which is the worthier, (470) 
Doth not he who hath fall'n to my spear outweigh Prothoenor? 
Base, or of vulgar descent I deem him not: for his features 
One of Antenor's race proclaim him. Nay, if I err not, 
One of his sons, for I trace in the lines a family likeness." 

Thus he spake, well knowing the man. Sore grieved were the 

Trojans. 
Acamas then, fierce stalking around the corpse of his brother 
Promachus slew, the Boeotian chief, by the feet who had seized him. 
Then in exulting tones thus shouted aloud to the Grecians : 
'•Argives, no better than bowmen! In threats more abounding than 

actions ! 



310 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIV. 

Not upon us alone shall the toils and sorrows of warfare (480) 
Fall. You shall have your share; and wounds and death be your 

portion. 
Lo ! where your Promachus sleeps, by my spear subdued. For a 

lesson 
Take it. Long unrequited I left not the death of my brother. 
Happy the man who can boast that come what may, if in battle 
Destined to fall, he leaves in his father's house an avenger." 
Thus he spake : and each Argive heart was stirred with emotion. 
Peneleus' warlike soul was the first that burned with resentment, 
Who upon Acamas rushed. But he turned and fled, nor awaited 
Royal Peneleus' charge. Ilioneus next he encountered 
(Son of the wealthy Phorbas, whom Hermes, best of the Trojans, (490) 
Cherished and loved, and with flocks and herds and boundless 

possessions 
Gifted), his fathefs joy, and the only son of his mother. 
Him through the eye he pierced, and the spear passed straight 

through its socket, 
Forcing the eyeball out ; and its course held on till it issued 
Forth at the back of the skull ; and down he sank, and extended 
Helplessly both his hands. Then Peneleus' sword from the scabbard 
Drew he, and lopped his neck. Down dropped the head with its 

helmet 
Still by the spear transfixed. This lifting aloft, like a poppy 
Borne on its stalk, he shewed to the Troian host, and, exulting, 
Shouted aloud, and thus with triumphant scorn he addressed 

them: (5°°) 

"Trojans! report what ye see to your boasted Ilioneus' parents. 
Tell them to raise the funeral wail, a?id lament in their palace. 
Bitter will be the grief, too, of Promachus' wife when she hastens 
Forth, her husband to greet, the offspring of great Alegenor : 
We meanwhile in our ships shall return, victorious, from Troia." 
Thus while he spake, pale fear and horror seized on the Trojans, 
Each gazing anxious around for a way of escape from destruction. 

Tell me, ye Muses! ye who the halls of Olympus inhabit, 
Which of the Greeks first won the blood-stain'd spoils of a foeman, 



Book XIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



Now that earth-shaking Poseidon had turned the tide of the battle. 
Hyrtius fell to the spear of the great Telamonian Aias, (5 11 ) 

Gyrtias' son, a chief of renown, and the Mysians' leader. 
Phalces and Mermerus next to Antilochus fell, and he spoiled them. 
Moms, Hippotion, sank beneath brave Merion's jav'lin. 
Prothoon died on Teucer's spear, and fierce Periphetes. 
Atreus' son, Hyperenor, the pastor and friend of his people, 
Struck through the flank; and the thirsty spear, plunged deep in his 

entrails, 
Drank his blood : while his life through the gaping wound, which the 

weapon 
Left when withdrawn, exhaled, and darkness closed o'er his eyelids. 
Far surpassing them all in the number and might of his victims, (520) 
Swift Oilean Aias o'ertook the flying, and slew them; 
Matchless in speed to pursue whom Zeus in disorder had scattered. 



THE ILIAD. 



BOOK XV. 



BOOK THE FIFTEENTH. 



Argument. 



Ze us awakening, and seeing the Trojans in flight, the Greeks advanc- 
ing aided by Poseidon, and Heclor disabled, is indignant, and threatens 
Hera, who appeases him. She is sent to Olympus to summon Iris and 
Apollo, who go to receive the orders of Zeus. Hera excites discontent 
amo7tg the Gods and in particular that of A res by the news of his son's 
death. He is on the point of breaking into open rebellion, but is prevented 
by Pallas. Iris is dispatched to Poseidon to order him to leave the field, 
which he does with reluclance; Apollo restores Heclor and brings him again 
on the field: then advancing at the head of the Trojans with the sEgis of 
Zeus, he levels a portion of the trench and wall, over which they enter and 
attack the fleet, but are for the present prevented by the prowess of Aias 
from firing it. 



ILIAD. BOOK XV. 



IVTOW in their flight had the Trojans recrossed the ditch and 

•^ ^ the rampart, 

Leaving behind them many a comrade slain by the Grecians. 
Panting and pale with fear beside the liiie of their chariots 
Gathered they stood, and breathed awhile. Now Zeus upon Ida, 
Rousing himself from his dream of love by the side of his consort, 
Sprang to his feet, looked down, and beheld the Greeks and the Trojans; 
These in disordered rout, those following up their advantage, 
Scattering their rear, and Poseidon himself assisting the Grecians. 
Hector too he beheld on the plain outstretched, his companions 
Sitting around, while his breath came thick, and his senses were 
wand'ring, (10) 

Vomiting blood : for not by the feeblest Greek was he wounded. 
Pitying beheld him the Father of Gods and men ; and indigna?it 
Bent upon Hera an awful frown, while thus he addressed her : 
"This is thy doing! These thine arts! Deviser of mischief, 
Hera ! By thee is Hector removed from the fight, and his warriors 
Routed. Sure am I not that the fruit of this wicked contrivance 
Thou shalt thyself not reap, and feel the scourge of my anger. 
Hast thou forgotten the day when on high suspended, with anvils 
Slung to thy feet, I held thee chained by the hands, and in fetters 
Golden, infrangible, swung thee aloft 'mid clouds, in the aether? (20) 
Sore were the Gods on Olympus' height distressed when they saw thee, 
Standing around in dismay, unable to free, or to aid thee. 



316 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XV. 

One did I seize in my wrath and dashed him down from the threshold 
Breathless and bruised to the earth. Nor yet. was my anger abated : 
Such were my grief and rage at the woes of godlike Heracles, 
Whom thy malignant hate, the subservient tempests arousing, 
Chased o'er the desolate sea by the aid of impetuous Boreas. 
Hardly the Coan shore he reached. There I came to his rescue, 
Saved him from utter destruction and landed him safely in Argos, 
Famed for its steeds, though sore distressed and exhausted by 
suff'rings. (30) 

[Then, nor till then, did I free thy feet, and those ponderous masses 
Down, as a sign to all future time, I hurled upon Troia.] 
This recal to thy mind and abandon thy schemes of deception. (31) 
Learn from this, how little thy semblance of love and affection 
Aids thy cause, when Olympus thou quit'st, intent to beguile me." 

Thus he spake, and a shudder of dread pervaded the Goddess, 
While in these eager words of ready excuse she addressed him : 
" Witness, O Earth ! Bear witness, thou boundless aethereal concave ! 
Deep-gliding waters of Styx, attest my words ! By th' immortals 
Ever the holiest of oaths esteemed, inviolate, awful — 
By thy own sacred head I swear — by that which of all things 
Least would I lightly invoke, our virgin bed : — Oh ! believe me: (40) 
Not by persuasion of mine doth the great earth-shaking Poseidon 
Harass the Trojans and Hector and lend his aid to the Argives. 
Prompted alone by his own desires he joins in the conflict, 
Pitying the Greeks, at their ships attacked, and ready to perish. 
Would he but hear my advice, he would quit the field and betake him 
Whithersoe'er my cloud-enshrouded lord may command him." 

Thus she spake, and, appeased, the Father of Gods and of mortals 
Smiled once more on his wife, and in gentler accents responded : 
"Wouldst thou henceforward, Hera ! my bright-eyed queen and 

my partner, 
Think with thy lord, and support his pow'r in the conclave of Heaven, 
Soon would the great Poseidon his proud rebellious behaviour (51) 
Change, and adopt the side by us both approved and supported. 
If then the truth thou speak'st, if really sincere thine intentions, 
Join the assembled synod of Gods, and summoning Iris 



Book XV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 317 

Send her to me. Send too the glorious archer, Apollo. 
Iris first, to the host of the bronze-mailed sons of Achaia 
Speeding, shall bear my dread command to the Monarch of Ocean 
Back to his waves to retire, and mix no more in the contest. 
Hector shall Phoebus Apollo restore to strength and to vigour, 
Soothing the pains he endures, and once more eager for combat (60) 
Send him fresh to the fight, where the Greeks in turn he shall scatter 
Headlong in flight; to panic abandoned and helpless confusion. 
Flying, a refuge the Greeks will seek at the ships of Achilles, 
Peleus' son, who will send them his loved companion Patroclus. 
Many a Troian chief by his hand will fall, and among them 
Ev'n my own godlike son, Sarpedon himself: until Hector 
Stretch beneath Ilion's walls the lifeless corse of Patroclus. 
Then shall Achilles rise in his wrath, and Hector shall perish. 
Thenceforth, uninterrupted success shall commence for the Grecians. 
Back from their ships' and tents shall the Trojans retreat to their 
city: (70) 

Iiion at length shall fall, through the counsels and aid of Athene. 
This be assured : henceforth unappeased my wrath will continue, 
Nor will I suffer one of the Gods to give aid to the Argives 
While of Peleides' prayer one whit remains unaccomplished. 
This have I promised, this by my nod confirmed, unto Thetis, 
On that eventful day when my knees she embraced, and entreated 
Vengeance and compensation full for the wrongs of Achilles." 

Thus spake Zeus : nor did fair-armed Hera withhold her compliance. 
Ida she quitted, and reached the spacious halls of Olympus 
Swift as when some wayfaring man, rememb'ring his travels (80) 
Far over land and sea, in his thoughts runs over the distance : — 
'Here was I now, now there' — each scene through his memory 

glancing : 
Such and so swift was the eager and darting flight of the Goddess. 

Xow in the halls of lofty Olympus she stood, where th' immortals 
All assembled she found. Up rose each God at her coming, 
Duteous, and welcomed her back with goblets brimming with neclar. 
Themis the fair alone she noticed, who hastening to meet her 
Handed a flowing bowl, which Hera received, while the Goddess 



318 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XV. 

Thus to her sov'reign addressed these anxious words of enquiry : 
"Why so disturbed, O Hera ! What means this look of amazement ?(qo) 
Say! Hath thy lord, dark Kronos' son, said aught to alarm thee?" 
Thus in her turn to Themis the fair-armed Hera responded: 
"Ask me not, Themis! well thou know'st his imperious temper, 
How unbending in spirit, how harsh and stern in his conduct. 
Take thy place, and preside o'er the equal feast of th' immortals. 
Then shalt thou hear, with all the rest, what Zeus is preparing; 
What an array of ills he announces : — such as, believe me ! 
Few of the Gods or of men will be found to approve, and to some 

here 
Feasting complacently now, will cruelly mar their enjoyment." 

Ceased the Goddess august and her seat resumed, and amazement 
Fell upon all th' assembled Gods: for a smile, as of mock'ry, (101) 
Played on her lips, while her clouded brow seemed fraught with dis- 
pleasure. 
Thus, addressing the Gods, in indignant words she harangued them : 
"Fools that we are to waste on Zeus our impotent anger, 
Flatt'ring ourselves that by word or force we can soothe or restrain him ; 
Sitting aloof in gloomy state apart from our councils, 
Conscious of pow'r supreme and transcendent strength, he despises 
All we can do, nor heeds our complaints, nor is moved by our anger. 
Therefore endure, as best ye may, whate'er he may send you, 
Bitter to bear though it be, and take your example from Ares. ( II0 ) 
Slain on the battle-field Ascalaphus lies, his belov'd one, 
Dearest of mortal men to his heart, and the boast of his father." 

Thus she spake, and at once up spraitg infuriate Ares; 
Smote with his hands on his stalwart thighs, and wildly addressed 

them : 
" Deem not amiss, ye Gods ! that I quit your Olympian dwelling, 
Hurrying down to avenge my son at the ships of the Grecians, 
Reckless of Zeus and his wrath, though he strike me down with his 

lightning, 
Hurled, among dust and blood, on the heaps of the dead and the 

dying." 
Ending, to Fear and Flight his command he issued, his chariot 



Book XV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 319 

Quick to prepare, while himself in his radiant arms he invested. (120) 

Then on th' immortals all would a dire and terrible vengeance 
Surely have fall'n at the hands of Zeus incensed; but Athene, 
Filled with alarm for herself ajid for all the host of Olympus, 
Started at once from her throne, and rushed to the gate ere he passed it, 
Snatched from his head the helm, and tore the shield from his shoulders; 
Wrenched from his pow'rful hand the brazen spear which it wielded, 
Striking it deep in the ground; and indignant, thus she addressed him : 
"Ares! furious ! insane ! Thou art lost! — deprived of thy senses. 
Hast thou not ears to hear? By shame art thou wholly abandoned? 
Hast thou, I say, not heard the words of Hera our sovereign, (130) 
Newly come from Olympian Zeus; what wrath she denounces? 
Wouldst thou be hunted back, against thy will, to Olympus, 
Groaning with pain and bitter despite, yet forced to obey him ; 
Bringing upon us all the wrath thy fault hath excited? 
Hither in haste will he come, and here will he vent his displeasure, 
Leaving the Greeks and Trojans to fight it out; nor distinguish 
Guilty from innocent: all will feel the weight of his vengeance. 
Therefore suppress thy wrath for the death of thy son ; and remember, 
Mightier by far than he, more skilled in the use of their weapons, 
Time out of mind have fall'n and still must fall. 'Tis the sentence 
Passed upon all mankind; nor can aught avail to avert it." ( I 4 I ) 

Thus she spake, and led to his throne th' infuriate war-god. 
Here now from the hall forth beckoned Apollo and Iris, 
Iris who bears the commands of Zeus to Gods and to mortals. 
Both her summons obeyed; then thus the Goddess addressed them : 
"Zeus requires your prompt and immediate attendance on Ida; 
Thither repair. From himself ye shall learn when ye stand in his 

presence 
What are his high behests. These fail ye not to accomplish." 
Thus having said, the Goddess august returned, and in silence 
Seated herself on her throne. Then Phcebus and Iris to Ida (150) 
Hasted, the nurse of savage beasts and the mother of fountains. 
Seated they found the father on Gargarus' loftiest summit, 
Round him a mist suffused of rich, ambrosial fragrance. 
Rev'rent, the cloud-compeller approaching, they stood in his presence. 



320 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XV. 

He, with their prompt attendance pleased, and with Hera's obedience, 
Mildly received, them, and shewed no sign of wrath or displeasure. 
Iris first he addressed, and this the commission he gave her : 
"Iris! Hie thee hence, and seek the monarch Poseidon, 
All I tell thee repeat, with strict and careful exactness. 
Bid him desist from war, and at once retire from the battle, (^o) 

Join the assembly of Gods on high, or return to his ocean : 
Should he refuse to obey, and with scorn reject my injunction, 
Bid him reflect, and consider it well. Can he hope to withstand me 
Strong as he is, when in perso?i I come, to compel his obedience? 
Bid him remember too that, superior in might and dominion, 
Mine is the right of elder birth : nor presumptuously boast him 
Equal to Zeus, whom all obey as their lord and their master." 

Iris obeyed, and swift as the winds, from the mountains of Ida 
Darting, alighted at once near the sacred city of Ilion. 
As when the snowy drift, swept on by the impulse of Boreas (170) 
Hurries along, or the freezing hail, while the clouds he disperses. 
So pressing on with eager speed the swift-winged Iris 
Close to Poseidon arrived, and thus delivered her message: 
"Dark-browed King! who surround'st the earth with the roll of thy 

billows : 
Hither I come, with a message from ^Egis-bearing Kronion. 
These are his orders. Desist from war. Withdraw from the battle. 
Join the assembled Gods on high, or retire to thine ocean. 
If thou refuse to obey, and with scorn reject his injunction, 
Hear what he threatens. Himself will descend and in person compel 

thee. 
Therefore he bids thee reflect in time, and avoid his encounter; (180) 
Bids thee remember too that superior in might and dominion, 
His is the right of elder birth; nor presumptuously boast thee 
Equal to Zeus, whom all obey as their lord and their master." 
Grievously angered, thus replied the lord of the earthquake: 
" Gods! what a menace is this! Thus thinks he by force to coerce me, 
Strong though he be, his equal if not in might, yet in honour? 
Brethren three we derive our birth from Kronos and Rhea, 
Zeus; myself; and the third-born, Hades, ruler of Orcus. 



Book XV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 321 

All was divided between us : and each in his share is a sov'reign. 

First to myself by lot it fell to inhabit the ocean, ( I 9°) 

Ever supreme in its hoary depths: In the region of darkness 

Hades next : Zeus last, in the clouds, the skies, and the aether 

Earth however and lofty Olympus are free and in common. 

Therefore to me is his will no law, be he never so mighty. 

Let him remain, content, in his own allotted dominion, 

Nor to base threats of force expect me to yield, like a coward. 

Bid him reserve such words of vain and insolent menace 

For his own sons and daughters with whom he hath peopled Olympus. 

Those may he safely threaten, for those are bound to obey him. " 

Iris, swift as the winged wind, this answer returned him : (200) 
"Must I then bear unto Zeus, O dark-browed lord of the ocean ! 
Such a reply, so fierce, so unbending, as that thou hast spoken ? 
Surely thou wilt not persist : thou wilt change thy mind : for the noble 
Know when to yield. And, remember ! the Furies side with the 

elder." 
Thus then in turn replied the great earth-shaking Poseidon : 
"Iris! goddess! thy words are just: I know, I admit it. 
Happy it is when an envoy perceives the right, and can urge it. 
Sharp was however the pang which pierced the heart in my bosom 
"When from thy lips I heard the rebuke he dares to address me — 
Me! his equal in rank nor aught his inferior in fortunes. (210) 
Yet for the present I yield and retire, though justly indignant. 
One thing however I tell thee, and threat^/- threat thou shalt bear him. 
If, disregarding myself and Athene spoiler of cities, 
Hera, Hephaestus and Hermes alike from his councils excluding, 
Ilion's lofty towers he spare, and refuse to destroy them, 
And to the Greeks deny their meed of glory and conquest, 
This let him know, that implacable hate shall part us for ever." 

Thus having spoken the great earth-shaker retired from the battle. 
Leaving the Greeks, in the deep he plunged, and withdrew his 

assistance, 
Sorely missed by their chiefs. Then thus spake Zeus to Apollo : (220) 
Haste thee now, Phcebus dear ! to the bronze-helmed warrior Hector. 
Back to his waves hath retreated the world-encircling Poseidon, 



21 



322 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XV. 

Thus having scaped our threatened and imminent wrath. Had he 

lingered 
Soon had the dark infernal Pow'rs, companions of Kronos, 
Heard of our quarrel a?id felt its shock. For us both is it better, 
Both for him and myself, that angry albeit and reluctant, 
Thus from the field he retire, nor oblige me by force to compel him. 
Not without struggle and toil severe had the feat been accomplished. 
Bear thou now on thine arm this fringed and terrible JEgis : 
This when thou shak'st the boldest Grecian hero shall tremble. (230) 
Hector, O far-darting king, to thy healing care is committed; 
Fill him with vigour and might renewed, that the Grecians before him 
Fly, till again they reach their ships and the Hellespont's margin. 
Thither arrived, the word shall be spoken, the deed be accomplished 
Which shall afford the Greeks a breathing time from their labours." 

Thus he spake : and Phoebus obeyed the command of his father. 
Headlong down like a hawk from Ida's summit he darted, 
Fleetest of birds, when the terrified doves are scattered before him. 
Hector divine, great Priam's son, he found : but no longer 
Stretched on the ground. Upright he sate, and his senses returning, 
Once more his friends he knew. More freely he breathed and the 

death-sweat ( 2 4 J ) 

Ceased : for the favouring spirit of Zeus had already revived him. 
Standing close at his side thus spake far-darting Apollo : 
"Hector, Priamus' son, why sit'st thou, far from thy Trojans, 
Feeble and drooping of heart? Hath some misfortune befall'n thee?" 
Crestwaving Hector faintly thus replied to his question : 
"Who then art thou, most benign of Gods, who mak'st the enquiry? 
Hast thou not heard how, fighting before the sterns of their vessels, 
Slaying his comrades around him in heaps, impetuous Aias 
Hurled on my bosom a stone, and stopped the career of my 

valour? ( 2 5°) 

Surely methought the ghastly dead and the mansion of Hades 
I should this very day have beheld : for my soul was departing." 

Thus then replied the king, the bright far-darting Apollo : 
"Be of good cheer; be strong! for behold, how great a supporter 
Zeus hath from Ida sent by thy side to stand and to aid thee, 



Book XV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 323 

Phoebus Apollo, lord of the golden sword, who am ever 
Ready at hand to sustain and protect thy self and thy city. 
Up then ! Urge on again the num'rous host of thy horsemen 
At the full speed of their steeds to the hollow ships of the Grecians : 
I myself in the van will march making way for the chariots (260) 

Level and smooth, and turn to flight the bravest Achaians." 

Thus he spake, and infused in the prince fresh courage and vigour. 
As when a courser high fed and exulting in pride of his freedom, 
Bursting the rein which held him confined to his stall, o'er the meadows 
Bounds forth prancing, eager to lave in some wide flowing river 
Well remember'd. High tossing his head, while the mane o'er his 

shoulders 
Streams on the wind, away he darts in his strength and his beauty 
Far o'er the plain, in the distant pastures scenting his females. 
Thus with spirit renewed, each limb made supple and pliant, 
Hector advanced once more to the charge and cheered on his 
horsemen. ( 2 7°) 

As when a rustic band of men and dogs in the woodland 
Chase in full cry some horned stag or goat of the mountain, 
He to the lofty crag or the tangled gloom of the thicket 
Flies, and eludes their pursuit, not destined yet to be taken : 
Then, by their clamour aroused, a bearded lion approaches, 
Crossing their way : reluctant they turn and fly from his presence : 
Thus rushing on, the Greeks in dense tumultuous masses 
Plied their swords and two-edged spears, still smiting the Trojans. 
Soon as however great Hector they saw rejoining his comrades, (279) 
Struck with amaze, their hearts sank down and their courage forsook 
them. 

Thoas, Andraemon's son, who first perceived him, addressed them, 
Thoas, valiant in standing fight, and renowned as a spearman, 
Bravest of all th' ^Etolian leaders. Few in the council, 
Where in debate the assembled chiefs contend, might excel him. 
Wisely and well his thoughts he spake, and thus he harangued them : 
" Gods ! what wonder is here ? Can I trust these eyes that behold it ? 
Here once more, defrauding the fates, have we He6tor among us, 
Risen again, whom we hoped, and all believed to have perished 



21 



324 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XV. 

Under the conquering hands of the great Telamonian Aias ! 
Surely some favouring pow'r divine must have saved and restored him ! 
Hector himself we behold, who hath slain full many a Grecian : — (291) 
— -(That which, methinks, will happen again ; for not unsupported, 
Not without thundering Zeus, comes he on so fierce with the foremost.) 
All of you then who hear me, attend to my words and obey them. 
Back to the ships let the vulgar crowd retire at our bidding. 
We, who proclaim our worth as the bravest and best of our armies, 
Here make a stand, and oppose his first advance, with our weapons 
Boldly uplifted. Well I ween that, whatever his fierceness, 
Scarce will he dare, so met, to pierce the array of the Grecians." 
Thus did he speak : and all attentive heard and obeyed him. (300) 
Those around Aias, those round the Cretan monarch assembled, 
Those about Teucer, Merion, and Meges valiant as Ares, 
Marshalled in battle array, the chiefs collecting on all sides ; 
Hector and all his Troian host to withstand ; while to rearward 
All of inferior note retreated back to the vessels. 
On came the Trojans, pressing in serried array, with their leader 
Hector, taking gigantic strides. Before him Apollo 
Marched : with a glowing cloud were his shoulders veiled, and the ^Egis 
Dreadful, gleaming, shaggy with fringes, he bore ; by Hephsestus 
Framed, and to Zeus consigned, to be borne for the terror of mortals. 
This on his arm aloft he raised, while he headed the onset. (3 11 ) 

Banded together, the Greeks stood firm. Shrill echoing on all sides 
Rose from each host a shout. Then leaped from many a bow-string 
Shafts, from the nervous arm of many a warrior the jav'lins 
Flew. Some deep infixed drank blood from the young and the 

valiant : 
Some, falling short ere they grazed the unstain'd skin of a foeman, 
Plunged in the ground, of their prey defrauded, thirsting for slaughter. 

Now while aloft unmoved was the ALgis borne by Apollo, 
Equal on both sides fell the shafts and perished the heroes. 
But when full in the face of the Greeks his gaze he directed (320) 
Shaking the ^Egis and shouting a dreadful shout, in their bosoms 
Withered their hearts, and the pride of their ancient valour forsook 
them. 



Book XV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 325 

As when two savage wolves coming down with assault unexpected 
Scatter a flock of sheep, or a herd of kine in confusion, 
What time the night after milking is dark and the keepers are absent : 
Thus unresisting fled the Greeks, by Phoebus Apollo 
Panic-smitten, while Hector and Troy he conducted to glory. 

Broken was now their line, and man slew man in the tumult. 
Stichius sank before Hector's might, and Arcesilaiis ; 
This, of Boeotia's bronze-mailed troops a prince and a leader, (330) 
That, of Menestheus bold the friend and faithful companion. 
Medon and Iasus yielded their lives and spoils to JEne&s ; 
Medon, godlike Oileus son and the brother of Aias ; 
Though of unwedded love the fruit ; who far from his country 
Phylace sought, having slain the brother of fair Eniopis, 
Wife of Oileus, and fled to escape the wrath of his father. 
Iasus led into battle the brave Athenian warriors, 
Iasus, Sphelus' reputed son, and Bucolus' grandson, 
Next, to Polydamas' spear Mecistes fell, and Polites 
Echius slew, as they fought in the foremost rank. Then Agenor (340) 
Clonius smote, while Paris his lance through Deiochus' shoulder 
Drove, as he turned him to fly, and the point came forth through his 
breast-plate. 

These of their arms were they stripping. The Greeks meanwhile in 
confusion 
Plunged through the ditch, and among the stakes, and scatt'ring on all 

sides 
Hither and thither, hard pushed, the wall they gained and surmounted. 
But with a loud and piercing shout great Heel or indignant 
Bade them desist from spoil and push forward at once to the vessels : 
"That man, whoe'er he be, who shall hold aloof or shall linger 
Elsewhere than at the ships, to death on the spot will I doom him. 
Nor shall his kindred or friends a pyre provide for his fun'ral, (350) 
Vultures and dogs shall tear him before the walls of our city." 
Thus he spake, and the lash to his horses' shoulders applying 
Urged them to speed, and called on the Troian warriors to follow ; 
They with a general shout replied. Whirled on by their coursers 
Rattled the cars, while Phoebus Apollo, striding before them, 



326 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XV. 

Crushed down the banks of the trench profound, and spumed them 

in ruin 
Into its hollow depths, and bridged it across with a causeway- 
Long, and in breadth so far as the utmost flight of a jav'lin, 
When for a trial of strength some stalwart spearman hath hurled it, 
O'er it they rushed, troop following troop, and before them Apollo (360) 
Bore up the precious JEgis on high, and levelled the rampart ; 
Brushing it down, as a child at play on the sand of the sea-shore, 
Tired of his sport, tf/"the lines he has drawn, the heaps he has gathered, 
Easily sweeps them away with his hands and feet, and destroys them ; 
Thus did'st thou sweep aside, O immortal Archer ! in ruin 
All the huge toil of the Greeks, and themselves disperse in confusion. 
Thus they remained, penned up at their ships, each man on his 

comrade 
Calling in vain for aid; and to all the pow'rs of Olympus 
Raising their hands in suppliant guise, they prayed for deliv'rance. 
Chief of them all, the guardian of Greece, Gerenian Nestor, (370) 
Spread forth his hands to the starry skies, and preferred his petition : 
"Father Zeus, if e'er one Greek ere Argos we quitted 
Thigh of the bull or fat of the sheep hath burned on thine altars, 
Praying a safe return, and thou gav'st assent and confirm'dst it ; 
Now that promise recall to thy mind, dread lord of Olympus ! 
Ward off the evil day, nor suffer our foes to o'envhelm us." 
Such his petition, by Zeus received : and he answered in thunder, 
Hearing and granting the prayer of the rev'rend offspring of Neleus. 
Meanwhile the Trojans, who heard the sign, mistaking its import, 
Summoned fresh spirit, and pressed the Greeks more fiercely than 

ever. (380) 

As when a wave high swol'n by the wind on the wide-flowing ocean, 
(Such as a tempest's force may raise) sweeping on in its fury, 
Breaks, and descends with a mighty crash on the sides of a vessel ; 
Thus did the Trojans sweep with terrific shouts o'er the rampart. 
Onward their horses and cars they drove to the sterns of the vessels. 
There with two-edged spears they closed in fight While the Trojans 
Fought from their chariots, the Greeks, their black-ribbed vessels 

ascending, 



Book XV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 327 

Plied them with huge long pikes, well spliced, bronze-headed, and ready- 
Stowed in their ships for defence, when close assault should demand 
them. 

Now while the Trojans and Greeks outside the wall were 
contending (39°) 

Far from the ships, in the tent of his friend still lingered Patroclus. 
Valiant Eurypylus kindly tending he sate, and with converse 
Cheered him, from time to time to his wound fresh balsams applying, 
Such as might soothe and assuage its black, unendurable anguish. 
But when the Trojans he saw surmounting the wall, and the Argives 
Flying in terror, and heard their cries, and the shouts of the viclors, 
Loudly he groaned, and smote with his hands on his thighs, and 

upstarting, 
Deeply moved, with these hurried 'words took leave of his comrade: 
"Sore though thy need, my friend ! at thy side no more may I linger, 
Hence must I haste, for behold ! how fierce a struggle is raging. (400) 
Thee to thy servants' care must I leave, and hence to Achilles 
Pass with all speed, and exhort him, at length, to join in the conflict. 
Who can say, whether, aided by heav'n, my words may arouse 

him 
Zealously urged, for a friend's advice is strong and persuasive." 

Thus, still speaking, he ran from the tent. Meanwhile the Achaians 
Sternly resisted the Trojan assault; yet availed not to drive them, 
Fewer albeit, from the ships which they strove to reach; nor the Trojans, 
Fierce as they were, might break through the phalanx firm of the Argives, 
Mix with their tents and ships, and spread destruclion among them. 
As when with line and rule some plank by a shipwright is fitted (410) 
Sure of hand and exacl of eye, by Pallas Athene 
Taught, and in all the lore of his craft well skilled and accomplished: 
Thus with an even front was the line of their battle adjusted. 

Some before one ship fought, some gathered in arms round another : 
Hector on Aias advanced, disdaining a feebler opponent. 
Both at one ship their efforts plied; nor could ^Hector accomplish 
Aught to thrust Aias aside and burn his ship, nor could Aias 
Drive great Hector away; for a God supported his onset. 

Foremost Caletor, Clytius' son, with fire was approaching ; 



328 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XV. 

Him through the breast great Aias pierced; and he fell, and his 

armour (420) 

Clattered; and drop't on the ground, the smould 'ring torch was 

extinguished. 
Hector, who witnessed with grief his cousin's fate, and beheld him 
Stretched at his length in the dust, before the stem of the vessel, 
Called on the Trojan and Lycian hosts, and shouting addressed them : 
"Trojans, and Lycians all ! and brave Dardanian warriors, 
Stand to your arms, nor abandon the fight for a moment of hardship ; 
Clytius' son, 'tis true, hath fall'n at the ships of the Grecians. 
On then ! defend his corse, nor suffer the foe to despoil him." 
Thus he spake; and at Aias hurled his glittering jav'lin; 
Wide of its mark it erred, yet struck the attendant of Aias, (430) 
Lycophron, Mastor's son, in Cythera bred, who to Aias 
Fled, from the land of his birth, having slain a noble Cytheran. 
Standing at Aias' side, he received the spear through his helmet, 
Piercing above the ear; then down from the stern of the vessel 
Headlong he plunged in the dust, and lay supine in his death-pang. 
Then over Aias a shudder crept, and he called to his brother : 
"Teucer! beloved of my soul! we have lost our faithful companion 
Mastor's son, of Cythera, so long the guest of our household, 
Cherished with hardly less than a parent's love, in our palace. (439) 
Him hath the mighty Hector slain ! Where, where are thine arrows 
Piercifig and swift, and thy bow, that gift of Phcebus Apollo?" 
Thus he spake : and prompt at his word stood Teucer beside him, 
Bearing his bended bow, and with store of shafts in his quiver, 
Which with no tardy hand he dealt abroad on the Trojans. 
Cleitus received the first, the valiant son of Pisenor, 
Who on Polydamas, Panthous' noble son, was attending. 
Holding the reins, intent on his task of guiding his horses 
Into the thickest press, where fiercest the combat was raging, 
Bringing the Trojans and Hector a welcome support. Unexpected, 
Down came the mischief which none might avert, however 

desirous. (45°) 

Straight through his neck from behind went the deadly shaft. From 

the chariot 



Book XV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 329 

Headlong down on the ground he fell. Back started the coursers, 
Rattling along the empty car. When he saw what had happened 
Up rushed Polydamas quickly, and stopped the flight of the horses, 
And to Astynous, brave Protiaon's son, he consigned them, 
Strictly enjoining him ever to keep him in sight, and be near him : 
Then flew back to the ranks, and mixed once more in the combat. 

Next at the bronze-helm'd Hector himself was an arrow by Teucer 
Aimed. That shaft had stopped his career, at the ships of the Grecians 
Valiantly fighting, and ta'en his life in the blaze of his glory, (460) 
But that all-provident Zeus the danger perceived, and protected 
Hector, nor graced with a triumph like that Telamonian Teucer. 
Just as he drew the bow the well-twisted chord in the middle 
Snapped, and the brazen-pointed shaft flew wide of its errand. 
Blameless till then, down dropped the bow from the hand of its master. 
Then came a shudder o'er Teucer, and thus he exclaimed to his brother: 
"Surely some God intervenes, and defeats our plans, and our fighting 
Thwarts : he it is who hath dashed from my hands the bow 

I relied on, 
Breaking the string too, newly twined, which I fitted this morning, 
Knotting it fast, to enforce the spring of many an arrow." (470) 

Thus making answer returned the great Telamonian Aias : 
"Patiently bear it, my friend ! Thy bow forego and thine arrows. 
Lay them aside, since, envious of Greece, some God interdicts them. 
Handle once more thy long sharp spear, and the shield o'er thy 

shoulders 
Brace. Thus armed, the Trojans confront, and encourage thy 

comrades. 
Not without struggle and toil, if at length indeed they subdue us, 
Now shall they capture our well-benched ships, if we summon 

our courage." 
Thus spake Aias. And Teucer dispatched his bow and his quiver 
Back to his tent, and a fourfold buckler slung o'er his shoulders, 
Placed on his valiant head his helm of proof, with a horse-tail (480) 
Crested, and dreadfully nodded the waving plume o'er his temples : 
Grasped in his hand the pond'rous lance, bronze-headed and pointed. 
Then, full armed, he resumed his place by the side of his brother. 



330 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XV. 

Teucer's disabled bow escaped not the notice of Hector. 
Shouting aloud to the Trojan and Lycian hosts he addressed them : 
" Trojans and Lycians brave ! ye Dardans who close with your foemen | 
Stand to your arms like men, and remember your prowess and valour 
Here at the hollow ships. Just now — with these eyes I beheld it — 
One of our bravest foes is by Zeus deprived of his weapons. 
Easy it is to trace the directing hand of Kronion. (49°) 

These with favour he views, and crowns with conquest and glory ; 
Those he defeats, and withers their strength, refusing to aid them. 
Now on our side he wars, and depresses the force of the Argives. 
Fight then ! Rush on to the ships in crowds ! And whoever among 

you, 
Smitten with arrow or spear, shall die the death of a soldier, 
Fall though he may, unhonoured he sinks not, slain for his country. 
Freed by his fall his wife he leaves and his children in safety, 
All that his heart holds dear; his home ; his wealth : when the Grecians 
Back with their ships shall have fled, to the dear-loved land of their 
fathers." 

Thus he spake, in each heart fresh strength and courage 
arousing. (5°°) 

Aias next, on the Greeks' behalf, exhorted his comrades : 
"Argives ! for shame ! What ! see you not that now we must perish, 
Or by hard fighting our ships and lives redeem from destruction ? 
Think ye on foot to return to your homes, should crest-waving Hector 
Ravage your fleet ? and to reach dry-shod the land of your fathers ? 
Hear ye not Hector's shouts — how he cheers on his hosts, how he 

threatens, 
Raging, to wrap your vessels in one vast blaze and consume them ? 
'Tis to no festive dance, but to battle and death, that he calls them. 
Nought for us now remains, no course, no option is left us 
But to rush at them with might and main, and grapple them 
bravely. (510) 

Better by far to decide at once, or to live, or to perish, 
Than to be wasted slowly down, worn out in a struggle 
Long protracted, with feebler men, in defence of our vessels." 

Thus he spake : in each heart fresh force and courage inspiring. 



Book XV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 331 

Schedius then, Perimedes' son, who led the Phoceans, 
Fell by great Hector's hand ; and Laodamas, son of Antenor, 
Leading a band of foot, met death from the jav'lin of Aias. 
Next to Polydamas fell the spoils of Cyllenian Otus, 
Chief of the brave Epeans, Phyleides' friend and companion. 
Meges at once on the victor rushed, but Polydamas stooping (520) 
Glided aside, and he missed his blow : nor suffered Apollo 
Panthous' son to be thus struck down. But the jav'lin of Meges 
Held on its course, and full upon Crcesmus' breast it alighted. 
Down with a crash he fell, and his arms were the spoil of the victor 
Dolops however, a spearman bold, rushed on to avenge him; 
Offspring of Lampus the brave and the good, and Laomedon's 

grandson, 
Skilled in all feats of arms and inured to martial adventure. 
Close upon Phyleus' son he advanced and full on his buckler 
Smote ; and the spear went through, but a corslet of proof was be- 
neath it 
Strongly compact; in its hollow swell : by Phyleus his father (530) 
Borne, when from Ephyre's land he returned, and the banks of Selleis 
This, as a parting pledge to his guest, the royal Euphetes 
Gave, to be worn as a sure defence and protection in battle. 
Now it preserved the son, as erst it protected his father. 
Meges in turn delivered his spear, which full on his helmet 
Lighting, just at the base of the tow'ring crest that above it 
Floated in plumy pride, all glowing with brass and with purple, 
Shore it away. In the dust it fell, disfigured and trampled. 
Meges, assured of success, for a fresh assault was preparing, 
When to his aid Menelaiis came, unseen by the Trojan (54°) 

Sidelong advancing, and thrust from behind his spear through his 

shoulder. 
Holding on its impetuous way, at his bosom it issued, 
Far outstanding in front. On his face he fell, and the victors 
Both sprang forward at once, the resplendent prize of his armour 
Eager to seize. Then Hector aloud to his brethren and kindred 
Called, invoking their aid : but chief, at the brave Melanippus 
Pointed his eager rebuke, Hicetaon's son. At Percote 



332 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XV. 

Erst, while the foe was far away, he pastured his oxen ; 

But when the Greeks in their well-trimmed ships invaded his nation 

Home he returned, and in Ilion dwelt, as a prince of the 

Trojans (550) 

Lodged in the palace of Priam, and loved like one of his children. 
Chafing, in words of rebuke thus Hector, naming, addressed him: 
"Shall we be thus remiss, Melanippus? Is not thy bosom 
Stirred at the sight of thy kinsman's fall ? Oh ! say, can'st thou calmly 
Stand and look on while These from his corse are tearing his armour ? 
Follow me then. Now, once for all must we close with the Argives, 
Slay them outright, or consent to behold our Ilion captured, 
Hurled from her lofty height in the dust, and her citizens slaughtered." 
Ending he led the assault, by that godlike warrior followed. 
Then in his turn exhorted the Greeks Telamonian Aias : (560) 

" Shew yourselves men, my friends ! Respect yourselves and each 

other ! 
Fighting for life and fame, let each be to each an example. 
Safety by valour alone is secured, and mutual reliance. 
Honour and life they alike desert who fly from the combat." 
Thus while he spake, each arm gained strength for a sterner resistance, 
Each treasured up in his bosom the words : and there grew round the 

vessels 
Gath'ring, a bulwark of brass : while Zeus encouraged the Trojans. 
Then Menelaus Antilochus sought, and thus he addressed him : 
" Noble Antilochus ! where shall we find a youth in our armies 
Stronger, more swift of foot, than thyself, or braver in battle? (570) 
Couldst thou not make a spring and surprise some chief of the 

Trojans?" 
Thus he spake, and retired. But with soul excited the hero 
Forth with a bound to the van advanced, and glancing around him 
Darted his gleaming lance. Then back retreating, the Trojans 
Shrank from the weapon, which flew not in vain from the hand 

of its master; 
Brave Melanippus it struck, Hicetaon's son, who with Heclor 
Came rushing on to the fight, beneath the pap through his breastplate. 
Down w T ith a crash he fell, and his armour rattled around him : 



Book XV.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



333 



Forth sprang the victor, as springs some dog on a fawn which 

the hunter, 
Just leaping forth from his lair, hath pierced to the heart with an 

arrow (5 So) 

Sent from afar, and stretched him on earth, arrested and lifeless : 
Thus on thy corse, Melanippus ! Antilochus sprang, to despoil thee, 
Eager, intent on his prey : but 'scaped not the notice of Hector. 
On, through the thick of the fight, infuriate, he rushed to avenge him. 
But when Antilochus saw him, he feared, nor awaited his onset, 
Brave as he was ; but like some wild beast, that, conscious of mischief, 
Flies, having slain some dog or herdsman in charge of his oxen, 
Off to his woods, ere the hue and cry can be raised to pursue him : 
Thus in dismay fled Nestor's son. But the Trojans and Hector 
After him poured a tumultuous storm of jav'lins and arrows ; (590) 
Nor did he venture to turn till safe in the ranks of his comrades. 

On came the Trojans now, like raw-devouring lions 
Pressing towards the ships : for the high behests of Kronion 
Gave them unwonted strength, and filled them with spirit and courage, 
While he enfeebled the Greeks and dimmed their visions of glory. 
Such was his will. Great Hector now, with glory and conquest 
Crown'd, must involve in devouring flames the ships of the Grecians 
Fierce, destructive ; and all that Thetis prayed be accomplished, 
Howsoe'er ill-tim'd and severe : while he waited the moment 
When from a single ship the blaze should ascend, as a signal, (600) 
Then would he drive the Trojans back, in retreat, from the vessels. 
Then should commence for Greece a career of glory and conquest. 

This in his mind revolving, he roused the spirit of Hector, 
Urging him on to the ships : though no such prompting he needed. 
Raging, like Ares, with brandish'd spear, or as when in the mountain 
Rages a fire in the close-entangled depths of their forests, 
Foaming with wrath he advanced. From beneath the gloom of 

his eyebrows 
Flashed his dilated eyes ; and the waving crest o'er his temples 
Dreadfully nodded on high from the beaming casque of the hero. 
Zeus from his heav'nly height himself stood forth his supporter, (610) 
One, from so many, on that great day selected for glory ; 



334 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XV. 

Honoured at least, if not long-lived. For now over Hector 
Near impended the fateful day by Pallas Athene 
Ruthlessly urged, when by stern Peleides' wrath he should perish. 
Now on the densest foes he rushed, determined to break them, 
Seeking the point where closest the ranks, completest their armour : 
Vainly : though fieixe the assault, yet not less fierce the resista?ice. 
Locked in a square, compact they stood, like a cliff that projecting 
Lofty and huge, looks down on the hoary sea that surrounds it : 
Which nor the shrill-voiced winds in their wild career, nor the 

billows (620) 

Roaring around with impetuous swell, can move from its basis. 
Thus did the Argives hold their ground, nor shrink from the Trojans. 
Hector the while all-dazzling in splendour, full on their phalanx 
Rushed, dashing in on the ranks, like a wave which raised by 

the tempest 
Cloud-like impending, bursts upon some swift ship, and o'erwhelms it, 
Sweeping its deck with spray ; while the blast in its hurricane fuiy 
Screams through its masts and shrouds. Then quails the heart 

of the sailor, 
Shudd'ring to feel how near to the verge of death he approaches. 
Such misgiving invaded the shrinking hearts of the Argives. 
He — as a lion comes rushing in rage upon thousands of cattle (630) 
Grazing in some wide-watered and swampy mead, by a herdsman 
Tended, who, all inexpert to meet such dreadful encounter, 
And from the rav'ning beast to protect his charge, to the foremost 
Now, and now to the hindmost (iincertaiii to lead or to drive the?n), 
Runs to and fro : meanwhile, from their very midst has the monster 
Snatched and devour'd his prey, while the rest fly wild o'er the 

pasture — 
— Thus dashed in. Then, heav'n-confounded, they broke, and to 

Hector 
Yielded, and Zeus. All fled. But he slew the Mycenian hero, 
Great Periphetes, whose father, Copreus, sent by Eurystheus, 
Sped on a mission of royal concern to the might of Heracles. (640) 
Worthier by far than the sire was the noble son, in whom valour 
Blended with every manly grace : alike in the battle, 



Book XV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 335 

Or in the race, or for sage advice distinguished in council. 
Great as he was, his death but increased the glory of Hector. 
Turning him round, he tripped behind on the rim of his buckler, 
Which to his feet descending, from spears protected his ancles, 
Stumbling and hampered he fell, and lay supine, and his helmet 
Rang, as it struck the ground, round the prostrate warrior's temples. 
Hector beheld, and ran to the spot, and over him standing, 
Drove through his breast his vengeful spear, in sight of his 

comrades. (650) 

Mourning they witnessed the deed, yet nought could do to assist him : 
Such was the terror inspired by the godlike presence of Hector. 
Now they beheld around them the foremost tier of the vessels, 
Those most advanced on the beach, with their tow'ring sterns, 

when the Trojans 
Poured in amain. From these perforce retreated the Argives. 
Gath'ring before the tents they rallied anew, and collected 
Stood, nor dispersed through the camp : for shame restrained them 

and honour: 
Fear itself compelled them to fight. Each exhorted the other 
Shouting. Gerenian Nestor, the guardian and stay of Achaia 
Chief, by his parents adjuring each, besought and entreated : (660) 
" Shew yourselves men, dear friends ! Let mutual rev'rence and 

honour 
Reign in your noble hearts. Oh ! think, each one, on your children, 
Think on your wives, your homes; remember your parents whom 

living, 
Yet may your valour illustrate, or, dead, your defeat may dishonour. 
Fancy, though absent, through me they speak, through me they 

beseech you, 
Bravely to stand, and maintain the fight : nor think of retreating." 

Thus he spake, fresh courage and strength in each bosom arousing . 
Then from their eyes Athene swept the cloud that involved them, 
Low'ring portentous. A flood of light streamed bright o'er the 

armies. 
Full on the ships it shone and the scene of mutual destruction; (670) 
Hector here they beheld with shouts exciting his warriors ; 



336 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XV. 

There, in the rear, the fugitive Greeks o'erlaboured and fainting; 
There again, those who still maintained their ground at the vessels. 

Aias' indignant spirit endured not idly to loiter, 
Nor could he bear to be seen with Greeks who withdrew from the 

combat, 
But with gigantic strides along the decks of the vessels. 
Stalked, and a pole two-and-twenty cubits in length, and with iron 
Studded and bound, for the ship's defence, he brandished around him. 
And as some agile rider in vaulting expert, who selecting 
Four train'd steeds from the countless herds that range o'er the 

pastures, (680) 

Drives them along the public road to some populous city: 
All who behold him, women and men in delighted amazement, 
Gaze, as he springs from steed to steed, still lighting in safety, 
Firm in his shifted seat, nor arrests their flight for an instant: 
Thus leaped Aias from deck to deck through the range of the vessels, 
Springing across ; while his thund'ring shouts ascended to heaven, 
Ever with dreadful voice exhorting the Greeks to endurance, 
And for their ships and tents to strike. Nor did Hector on his part 
Hold himself back within the ranks of the corseleted Trojans, 
But as the fiery eagle comes rushing down on his quarry, (690) 
Scatt'ring dismay through the nations of widewing'd birds that assemble, 
Geese, or cranes, or long-neck'd swans, on the banks of a river: 
Hector thus, with a swoop on the dark-pro wed ships of the Grecians 
Rushing advanced, for Zeus with a mighty hand and with power 
Drove him along, and inspired his troops with courage to follow. 
Then was the fight renewed in all its rage round the vessels, 
Such and so fierce that, newly armed mid unwearied with warfare, 
One looking on might deem them but just engaging in battle. 
These were the thoughts of either host : despairing, the Grecians 
Fancied that all was lost — that nought remained but to perish. (700) 
Confident hope in each Trojan breast prevailed that the vessels 
Now they should surely burn, anal slay ev'ry man of the Argives. 
Such were their hopes and fears as they closed once more in the 

struggle. 
Hector, advancing in front, had seized on the stern of a vessel 



Book XV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 337 

Beauteous and swift; the same which hapless Protesilaiis 
Bore to the Ilian shore: not fated to Greece to restore him. 
Round it gathered the Trojans and Greeks in furious encounter. 
Hand to hand they engaged; and the flying spear and the arrow, 
Now no longer at distance awaiting, closed with each other, 
All alike with one eager desire for mutual slaughter (7 10 ) 

Burning. With axes heavy and keen they fought, and with hatchets, 
Wielding enormous swords, and thrusting with two-edged lances. 
Many a good blade, darkhilted, with guard of proof, bright gleaming, 
Struck from the hand that bore it, or lopped with its arm from the 

shoulder, 
Glittered in dust, and with streaming blood the ground was impurpled. 
Hector when now he had reached the ship, with the grasp of a viclor 
Seizing its stern, held on, and thus exhorted the Trojans : 
"Now bring fire! and raise, one and all, the shout of destruction ! 
Now is the day of days arrived, which Zeus hath vouchsafed us! 
Now shall we take these ships which such countless evils have 

brought us, (7 2 °) 

Not by heav'n's will, but the craven fears of the dotards in Troia, 
Who to this hour have withheld me and damped the zeal of my 

warriors, 
Longing to close with the Greeks, and attack them here at their vessels. 
Or, if the will of Zeus then blinded our sense and deceived us, 
This day at least he adopts our cause, and leads us to conquest." 
Thus he spake, and they all more fiercely rushed on the Argives. 
Aias himself gave back, o'erwhelmed with darts and with lances, 
Some small space he retreated; for death he thought was approaching. 
Quitting the deck, on the sev'n-foot step he stood, and around him 
Watchful gazed, with his spear keeping off each daring assailant (730) 
Who with devouring fire approached the ship, and unceasing 
Thus in a terrible voice adjured the sons of Achaia : 
"Friends and heroes of Greece ! ye valiant servants of Ares ! 
Shew yourselves men, and forget not your ancient prowess and virtue ! 
"Where can we look behind for aid or friends to assist us? 
Where in our front is rampart or wall to afford us protection? 
City or fortress with tow'rs begirt have we none to retreat to, 



338 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XV. 

Where we may look for the aid of faithful allies to support us. 
Far from our native land we hold but this beach, and in Troia 
Nought we behold but banded foes, in arms to oppose us ; (740) 

And to ourselves alone must look, nor flinch from the struggle." 
Thus he spake, and with might and main he charged with his jav'lin 
All. Whosoe'er approached with blazing brands or with torches 
Armed, to consume the ships and accomplish the orders of Hector, 
Rushed upon certain death from the long, sharp weapon of Aias ; 
Twelve on the spot thus slain lay stretched at the stern of his 
vessel. 



THE ILIAD 



BOOK XVI. 



BOOK THE SIXTEENTH. 



Argument. 



Patroclus obtains permission to lead the Myrmidons to the aid of 
the Greeks, and to appear at their head in the arms of Achilles, o?i 
condition of contenting himself with repulsing the enemy from the ships 
and abstaining frojjt pursuing the7n beyond the walls. Achilles offers a 
libation, and harangues the Myr?nidons, who march to battle, just in time 
to prevent the coiiflagration of the fleet. The Trojans taking Patrochis 
for Achilles fly in dismay. He pursties them with great slaughter. He 
slays Sarpedoji, whose body is rescued by Heclor and Glducus, and borne 
away by Sleep and Death to Lycia. Patroclus forgetful of his promise, 
pursues the Trojans to their walls, which he attempts to scale, but is driven 
back by Apollo. He engages Heclor and slays Cebriones his charioteer. 
In the fight over his body Apollo strikes and disarms Patroclus, who is 
first wounded by Euphorbus and then slain by Heclor. 



ILIAD. BOOK XVI. 



PHUS round the Grecian ships was the fight maintained. But 
A Patroclus, 

Quitting their camp, had reached the tent of royal Achilles. 
Tears from his eyes fell warm, like some dark fountain, whose waters 
Trickle in shadow and gloom down a beetling cliff in the desert. 
Pitying, godlike Achilles beheld the grief of his comrade, 
And in compassionate words of anxious enquiry addressed him : 
"Why dost thou weep, my friend? like an infant girl by her mother 
Running, who cries to be taken up, and clings to her garments, 
Holding them fast as she runs, and her steps detains ; to her mother 
Still looking up with streaming eyes, and begs to be carried? (10) 
Such, and so piteous, Patroclus ! the tears that pour down thy features. 
Bear'st thou tidings of ill to myself or my Myrmidon warriors ? 
Or to thy private ear hath a mournful message from Phthia 
Reached ? Thy father Mencetius survives, great offspring of Actor : 
So they report: and Peleus, ^Eacus' son, in his kingdom. 
Much should we grieve to learn the decease of one or the other. 
Or, for those hateful Greeks dost thou mourn, who are falling by 

thousands 
There at their hollow ships ; fit meed for their pride and injustice ? 
Speak ! let me know the cause. Be there no concealment between 

us." 
Deep was the sigh, Patroclus ! that burst from thy bosom in 

answer: (20) 



342 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XVI. 



"Noblest by far of the Greeks, O Achilles, Peleiis' offspring! 
Be not thus wroth. So heavy a blow hath fall'n on the Grecians ! 
All their best and bravest chiefs lie smitten disabled, 
Wounded with spears and darts, and forced to retire to their vessels. 
Brave Diomedes, Tydeus' son, hath been struck by an arrow, 
Pierced by a spear Agamemnon groans, and mighty Odysseus, 
And from Eurypylus' thigh the shaft with these hands I extracled. 
These with their healing arts may physicians cure, or their torments 
Soothe and assuage. Thy wrath admits no soothing, Achilles ! 
Oh ! may such anger ne'er invade my heart as thou harbour'st, (30) 
Cruel, though brave ! Who henceforth will take delight to behold thee 
If thou refuse thine aid to Greece in the hour of her trouble ? 
Pitiless man ! 'tis false to say that Peleus begot thee. 
Thetis was never thy mother ! The stormy ocean produced thee, 
Rude inaccessible crags were thy parents — like thee in nature. 
Yet if some oracle deep in thy mind have sunk, and withhold thee, 
Or if thy mother august from Zeus have brought thee a warning, 
Send me forth in thy stead with all thy Myrmidon warriors, 
So ' shall I come like a beam of light to the hopeless Achaians. 
Clad in thine own refulgent arms let me lead them to battle : (40) 
Thus, by thy semblance deceived, will the Trojans shrink from the 

combat, 
And to the wearied Greeks some breathing time be accorded, 
Brief though it be ; and a respite gained from war and its horrors. 
Fresh as we are 'twill be no hard task to drive back the Trojans, 
Wearied, and worn with toil, from the ships and tents to their city." 
Thus he spake, and ended his earnest prayer : but foresaw not, 
Rash as he was, that he prayed for death and courted destruction. 
Deeply disturbed replied the swift-pursuing Achilles : 
"Noble Patroclus, what words, alas! are these thou hast uttered ? 
Think not that oracles hold me back, or thoughts of the future. (50) 
Thetis, my mother august, from Zeus no warning hath brought me. 
'Tis but the deep-corroding pang that gnaws at my heart-strings, 
When I remember the wretch who, secure in the pride of his power, 
Dared to amerce and rob of his prize his equal in merit: 
This is my grief. It weighs on my soul, and embitters my spirit : 



Book XVI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 343 

This ! that the damsel whom Greece bestowed as the prize of 

my valour, 
Her whom I won by my own good spear in the sack of her city, 
He, Agamemnon — sovereign of Greece ! — descendant of Atreus l- 8 - 
Forced from my arms, as from those of some base alien hireling. 
These are things of the past. Be it so. 'Twas ne'er my 

intention, (60) 

Anger for ever to cherish. Now close to my ships are approaching 
Hostile shouts and the clang of war. Now behold we the moment, 
Well foreseen, when my wrath must be laid aside and forgotten. 
Brace then around thee my arms, to the foe well known and 

conspicuous : 
Lead to the fight our Myrmidon host who are panting for battle. 
Great is the need I for lo ! how the Trojans, gath'ring around them, 
Wrap, like a low'ring cloud, the ships : how, cooped on the sea-beach, 
Hemmed in on all sides, hardly a strip of land to the Grecians 
Now remains. Embolden'd all Troy comes pouring upon them, 
Since that her armies have ceased to behold the front of my helmet (70) 
Gleaming at hand. Ere now had they filled yon trench with their 

corpses, 
Flying in wild dismay, had that tyrant prince, Agamemnon, 
Borne himself mildly. Now their battle thickens around him : 
Now hath the idle spear in the hands of mighty Tydeides 
Ceased to rage, and to sweep from the earth the foes of Achaia — 
Now no more in mine ears from the hateful lips of Atreides, 
Rings the resounding shout. 'Tis the voice of death-dealing Hector 
Rises o'er all the clamour, exhorting his troops. And the Trojans 
Fill with their war-cries wild the plain, and scatter his Argives. 
Fall on them then, Patroclus ! in all thy might, and the vessels *(^°) 
Rescue from hostile attack; nor suffer the flames to consume them, 
Thus destroying for ever our hopes of return to our country. 
Hear now my last injunction, my parting word, and respect it : 
So for thy friend shalt thou win from all the hosts of Achaia 
Glory and honour due ; and the beauteous maid shall they render 
Back to my arms, and with costly gifts deserve ray forgiveness. 
Drive from the ships the Trojans, and then return. But however 



344 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVI. 



Glory may tempt thee, and aid from the thund'ring consort of Here j 
Press not too hard, apart from me, on the host of the Trojans. 
Hold thy conquering hand lest thou plunge me in deeper dis- 
honour. (90) 
[Slay whom thou wilt beside, but lay not thy hands upon Hector ;] 
Nor let the joy of success, or the rage of conquest and slaughter, 
Hurry thee on in pursuit to fight at the walls of their city, (92) 
Lest some one of th' immortal gods who dwell in Olympus, 
Come to their aid. Far-darting Phcebus loves and protects them. 
Therefore so soon as the ships stand clear of the foe and in safety, 
Hither return. In the open held let them fight unmolested. 
Would that — O Father Zeus, and Apollo, and Pallas Athene ! — 
Would that not one out of both their hosts might escape from 

destruction, 
Trojan or Greek ; that we two alone might survive, to accomplish 
Ilion's ruin, and trample in dust her sacred defences." ( IO °) 

Such was the conference held in Achilles' tent by the chieftains. 
Aias, the while, with darts oppressed, but faintly resisted. 
Crushed by the adverse will of Zeus, o'er-borne by the Trojans, 
Feebly he fought. The shining helm that protected his temples 
Rang with sharp and repeated blows. Crest, cheek-piece, and vizor, 
Battered alike, resounded. The pond'rous shield from his shoulder 
Wearily hung. Yet all their force availed not to move him, 
Pressing around with their darts and spears. Meanwhile from 

his bosom, 
Lab'ring, the breath came thick, and from ev'ry limb in a torrent 
Poured down the sweat. Not a moment to rest or breathe was 
he suffered, ( IIQ ) 

Danger on danger, woes on woes, came thick'ning around him. 

Tell me, ye Muses ! ye who the halls of Olympus inhabit, 
How the consuming flames first reached the ships of the Grecians. 
Hector, as Aias wielded his ashen spear, on the weapon 
Dealt with his mighty sword a stroke, which sheer at the socket 
Severed the wood, and the blade flew off. Telamonian Aias 
Brandished in vain the headless spear, while its point at a distance 
Fell, with a brazen clang to the ground. Then shuddered the hero ; 



Book XVI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 345 

For as the act of heav'n his soul accepted the omen. 
Thundering Zeus, he believed, cut off all hope of resistance, ( I2 °) 
Warning him thus, that Troy at length must prevail in the contest. 
So from the tempest of darts he retired. Then show'r'd on the vessels 
Torches, and burning brands, and the flame burst forth unextinguished. 
High o'er the tow'ring stern soon rose the blaze. Then Achilles 
Smote with his hand on his thigh, and thus accosted Patroclus : 
" Up ! and be doing, Patroclus. My steeds shall bear thee to conquest. 
Now from the ships I behold the flames in their fury ascending. 
Let them not burn our fleet, and cut off the return of our armies, 
On with my arms at once ! Myself will assemble our warriors." 

Thus he spake : and Patroclus in arms refulgent arrayed him; (130) 
First to his manly legs the rich-wrought greaves he adjusted, 
Beauteous with silver hasps, and clasped round the ankles with silver : 
Next o'er his breast the corslet he braced of mighty Achilles, 
Bright as a star, and gleaming with rainbow hues intermingling ; 
Slung o'er his shoulder his sword of bronze, bright hilted with silver \ 
Slung too, ready for use, his broad and ponderous buckler, 
Placed on his stately head his helmet of proof, with a horsetail 
Crested, and dreadfully nodded the waving plume to his movements, 
While with familiar hand he grasped two quivering javlins. 
Only the mighty spear, which ^Eacus' peerless descendant (M ) 
Wielded, heavy and strong, he bore not. Saving Achilles, 
None among all the Greeks might avail that weapon to brandish • 
Formed from an ash, upon Pelion's summit hewn, and by Chiron 
Giv'n to his father, to end the days of many a hero. 
Next by Automedon's hand were the coursers yoked, by Patroclus 
After his death-dealing lord most held its. friendship and honour, 
Faithful beyond all other, and trustiest supporter in battle. 
He, at his friend's command, the noble steeds to his chariot, 
Xanthus and Balius, yoked, outstripping the winds in their fleetness ; 
Whom, by the blast of Zephyr engender' d, the harpy Podarge (150) 
Bore, where the mead she cropped, on the utmost verge of the ocean. 
Stainless of race, though a mortal steed, yet matched with immortals. 
Loosely attached by their side ran Pedasus, won by Achilles, 
When triumphant he gathered the spoils of Eetion's city. 



346 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVI. 

Meanwhile Achilles in all their tents his Myrmidon warriors 
Sought, and in arms complete arrayed. Like wolves they assembled, 
Raw-devouring, immense in strength and unspeakable fierceness ; 
Which, on some antlered stag having made their meal, in the mountains 
Seiz'd and devour' d, and all their jaws still dripping with carnage, 
Rush in a pack to some gloomy pool, and crowding about it, (160) 
Lap the black flood, with their long thin tongues; wide scattering 

around them 
Gory foam from their murd'rous jaws: while their maws are distended, 
Hungry, though full; fire burns in their eyes and rage in their bosoms : 
Thus round the brave companion of ^Eacus' mighty descendant 
Crowded in eager haste the Myrmidon host and their leaders. 
Full in the midst of the gathering bands stood warlike Achilles, 
Marshalling all, both chariots and bucklered men in their order. 

Fifty swift ships from the Phthian shore were launched by Achilles, 
Fav'rite of Zeus, when for Troia's land he embarked. In each vessel 
Rowed at the bench full fifty companions inarms and in labour. (170) 
Five were the leaders appointed, whom all should obey : but Achilles, 
Held the supreme command, and directed all, as their sov'reign. 
One of the troops, by Menesthius, mail-clad chief, was commanded, 
Sprung from the river-god, Spercheius, heaven-descended. 
Whom to Spercheius fair Polydora, Peleiis' daughter 
Bore, to a mortal race immortal vigour imparting. 
Borus howbeit, Perieres' son, was reputed his father, 
Who by a splendid dow'r from Peleus obtained, and espoused her. 

Next of the Myrmidon bands was that by Eudorus commanded, 
Son of a virgin (so me?i believed). Him fair Polymela, ( I 8o) 

Daughter of Phylas, bore whom the mighty slayer of Argus 
Dancing beheld and loved, as she gracefully moved, and in chorus 
Chanted harmonious hymns to the huntress Queen in her temple. 
So to her chamber fair beneath the roof he ascended, 
Where to the secret vows of the gentle god she consented. 
Thence sprang Eudorus, swift in the race and fierce in the combat. 
But when th' Ilythiae, torturing pow'rs presiding o'er child-birth, 
Gave him at length to the day, and he saw the light of the sunbeam, 
Mighty Echecleus, Actor's offspring, sought her in marriage, 



Book XVI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 347 

Wooed her with countless gifts, and led her as bride to his 
palace, i 1 ^) 

Phylas her father received the child, and cherished and nursed him, 
Dotingly fond, and reared him with all the cares of a parent. 
Chief of the third brave band was the warlike hero Pisander, 
Msemalus' son ; renowned through the Myrmidon host as a spearman. 
All he excelled, save one, Peleides' friend and companion. 
Phcenix, experienced knight, commanded the fourth. The remainder 
Peerless Alcimedon, son of Laerceus, led to the battle. 

Now had Achilles in just array each band with its leaders 
Marshalled; and thus he spake, giving forth his parting injunctions : 
•• Myrmidons ! now forget not the threats ye hurled at the 
Trojans (200) 

Here at your ships while idle ye lay : — how ye murmured against me 
Those long days when I cherished my wrath : — how ye blamed my 

retirement. 
These were your words. 'Perverse Peleides ! surely thy mother 
Nursed thee in wrath, who with cruel constraint detain st us from battle. 
Better it were to dismiss us at once in our ships o'er the waters 
Than to consume thyself and us with thy moody resentment.' 
Such were your constant complaints. But now lies op'ning before you 
All that glorious work of war your spirits rejoice in. 
On then ! and bravely fight, to your hearts' content, with the Trojans." 
Thus he spake, in each bosom resolve and courage inspiring. (210) 
Closer they pressed in their ranks when they heard the words of their 

so v" reign. 
Firm as the close compacted stones which the builder arranges, 
Forming the wall of some lofty mansion, proof against tempests, 
Clung together the bossy shields and casques of the warriors, 
Buckler to buckler, man to man, and helmet to helmet, 
Thick intermingling the horsetail crests that floated above them. 
Helm touching helm, as wedged in a mass they supported each other : 
While in the front of all Automedon stood and Patroclus, 
Armed at all points ; one soul, one thought, both heroes inspiring 
Bravely to lead into battle the Myrmidon host. But Achilles (220) 
Now to his tent retired : there opened the lid of a coffer 



348 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVI. 

Fair, with carving adorned, which Thetis the silvery-footed 
Stowed in his ship for use, well stored with tunics and mantles 
Proof against wind and rain, and with thick fleeced cov'rings of 

tap'stry. 
There lay a rich wrought bowl, from which no lips of a mortal 
Ever had drained the dark red wine, nor holy libation 
Ever been poured, save Father Zeus, to one of th' immortals. 
This from the chest he took, and with sulphurous fumes having 

cleansed it, 
Rinsed it with copious streams of water, fresh from the fountain 
Next his own hands he laved, and with sparkling wine having 
filled it, ( 2 3°) 

Stood in the midst of the sacred precinct ; his eyes to the heavens 
Raising, and prayed : nor ascended his prayer unmarked by the 

Tkund'rer. 
" Zeus supreme ! Dodonian ! Pelasgian ! in lofty remoteness 
Dwelling ! in chill Dodona's mystic groves, where the Selli 
Sleeping on earth, with unwash'd feet, thy visions interpret! 
Now thou, indeed, hast bent thine ear to the prayer of thy suppliant, 
Granting me honour and fame, and inflicting woes on the Argives. 
Yet once more be propitious, and grant this further petition : — 
While I remain, myself, confined to my ships ; and inactive, 
Send to the fight my friend with many a Myrmidon warrior, (240) 
Watch der him, all-beholding Zeus ! Bid glory attend him. 
Fill with undaunted courage and strength his heart, and let Hector 
Learn what Achilles' friend alone can do : — that his valour 
Needs not the aid of my own unconquered might, through the combat 
Raging in all the pomp of war, to confound and defeat him. 
Grant that, the foe from the Grecian ships having driv'n, and the 

tumult 
Cleared from their camp, he may back return unscathed, with his armour 
Whole and complete, and his comrades brave collected around him." 
Such was his prayer : and Zeus, disposer of all in his wisdom, 
Heard, yet granted but half the request; refusing the other. . (250) 
This he accorded — to rescue the ships from war and destruction. 
Safe return for his friend with his comrades brave he refused him. 



Book XVI. ] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



349 



Thus having prayed his prayer, and poured unto Zeus his libation, 
Back to his tent he returned and replaced the bowl in its coffer. 
Thence advancing, in front of the tent he stood, and intently 
Gazed, for he longed once more to behold his Myrmidons fighting. 
These in complete array and refulgent arms, by Patroclus 
Marshalled, exulting in hope, rushed on, and closed with the Trojans, 
Aclive and swift as wasps that in swarms pour forth in a pathway 
Out of their way-side nests ; whom wanton boys in their folly (260) 
Irritate more and more ; till they fill the air, and in a?iger 
Fly upon all alike with enve?iomed sting; nor the traveller 
Spare, who unmeaning harm their rage excites as he passes : 
Fierce on the wing, with courageous hearts, and reckless of danger, 
All rush forth to the fight in defence of their homes and their offspring : 
Xot with less ardent souls poured forth in a swarm from their vessels 
All the brave Myrmidon host. Loud swelled the roar; and Patroclus, 
Raising his powerful voice above all the tumult, addressed them : 
"Myrmidons! brave companions in arms of glorious Achilles, 
Shew yourselves men; remember your ancient prowess and 
valour! - ( 2 7°) 

So shall ye worthily honour your mighty master Peieides, 
First of the Greeks, whom ye serve with the ?ioble devotion of heroes ; 
So shall ye prove to their king Agamemnon his madness and folly, 
When he so foully disgraced the best and bravest among them.*' 

Thus as he spake, fresh courage and strength arose in their bosoms ; 
All at once, in a mass, on the Trojans they fell ; and the vessels 
Dreadfully echoed the warcries fierce of the shouting Achaians. 
But when the Trojans beheld the valiant son of Menoetius 
Shining in glittering arms, and Autornedon guiding his chariot, 
Sank their hearts in dismay. Their wavering ranks in their onset 
Faltered: for all believed that the swift-pursuing Achilles, (281) 
Casting aside his wrath, with the Greeks had renewed his alliance. 
Each looked anxious around for means to escape from destruction. 

First of the Greeks, Patroclus hurled his glittering jav'lin 
Right in their midst, where closest the foe, where thickest the tumult 
E.aged, round the lofty ship of the hapless Protesilaiis. 
Full on Pvrsechmes it fell, who the crested Paeonian warriors 



350 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVI. 

Led from Amydon's plain, on the banks of wide-flowing Axius. 
Through the right shoulder pierced, supine he fell ; in his death-pang 
Utt'ring a piercing cry as he rolled in the dust. His companions (290) 
Fled, to a man; for Patroclus had filled each bosom with terror, 
Thus having slain their leader, the bravest warrior among them. 

Now from the fleet had he driv'n them all, and the flames were 
extinguished. 
Leaving the bark half burned, in headlong flight and confusion 
Fled forth the Trojans with hideous cries. Out poured from their 

vessels 
All the Greeks, and an uproar wild resounded on all sides. 
As when from some vast mountain's lofty summit the Thund'rer 
Drifts off the dense and low'ring clouds, that wrapped it in darkness, 
Shine forth the rocks in light : each buttressed peak, and each valley 
Glows, as the rending veil discloses the measureless aether : (300) 
So for a while the Greeks, their fleet now rescued from burning, 
Freely respired. Yet ceased not thus the fray : for the Trojans, 
Fled not in utter rout, from the dark array of the vessels, 
Leaving the Greeks an open field. Reluctantly yielding, 
Pressed, they resisted still, and only retired on compulsion. 

Thus o'er a wider space was the combat spread. Of the leaders 
Man slew man. Then first the redoubted son of Mencetius, 
Smote Areilochus, turning him round, on the thigh, with his jav'lin 
Brazen and sharp. Straight through went the spear, and the bone in 

its passage 
Shattered, and prone on his face to the ground he sank. Menelaus (31c) 
Thoas assailed. Where his breast was exposed o'er the rim of his 

buckler 
Entered the spear. To the ground he fell, and his spirit departed. 
Phyleus' son, Amphiclus observing advancing to meet him, 
Darted his lance with dext'rous aim, and just where the muscles 
Swell to their fullest curve in the midst of the leg, he transfixed him, 
Sev'ring each tendon and nerve. He fell, and darkness involved him. 

Next came Nestor's sons. Antilochus first, with his jav'lin 
Wounded Atymnius. Deep in his flank infixed was the weapon, 
Down at his feet he sank. Then Maris rushed on the victor, 



Book XVI.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



35i 



Eager to guard the dead, and avenge the fall of his brother. (320) 

Close he approached, but before he could hurl his spear, Thrasymedes 
Marked him for death, with a sharp, clear aim : nor in vain flew his 

jav'lin, 
Full on his shoulder it lighted, and tearing the bone from its socket, 
Severed the limb, clean cutting athwart the muscles and sinews ; 
Down with a crash he fell, and darkness gathered around him. 
Thus by the hands of brothers, dispatched to the mansion of Hades, 
Perished a noble pair, Sarpedon's heroic companions, 
Sons of Amisodarus, the same who bred the Chimgera, 
Pest untameable, hateful to Gods, and deadly to mortals. 

While through the crowd Cleobulus pushed, Oilean Aias (330) 
Seized him alive, but spared him not : for a stroke of his falchion 
Severed at once his head from the bleeding neck, and the weapon, . 
Warmed in his blood, from hilt to point, dripped gore : and his 

eyelids, 
Purple death weighed down, and fate's irresistible pressure. 
Peneleus next, and Lycon closed. They had darted their lances, 
Each at the other in vain, for each flew wide of its object : 
So on each other with swords they rushed. Then Lycon delivered 
First on his foeman's horse-tail crest a blow; but the weapon, 
Striking the cone, broke short. More true, the sword of the Grecian, 
Entered his neck beneath the ear. Deep gashing, it severed (340) 
All but a shred, whence hung the head ; and he sank overpowered. 
Acamas, hotly by Merion pursued as he mounted his chariot, 
Through the right shoulder received the piercing point of his jav'lin : 
Down from the car he rolled, and darkness closed o'er his eyelids. 
Erymas fell to Idomeneus' spear. The pitiless weapon 
Entered his mouth, and forced its way through the back of his helmet, 
Passing beneath the brain, and crushed the white bones in its passage, 
Dashing his teeth aside. Blood filled his eyes. From his nostrils, 
And from his gaping jaws, the sanguine stream in a torrent 
Poured with a gurgling sound, while death's black shadow enwrapped 
him. (350) 

Thus did each Grecian chief from the Trojans choose forth a victim : 
Falling upon them, as rav'nous wolves on lambs, or on kidlings, 



352 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVI. 



Suffered by negligent shepherds to stray with the flock o'er the 

mountains, 
Which when they see, they snatch them off, and tear them to pieces ; 
Taking their choice from the helpless flock, unused to resistance : 
Thus fell the Greeks on the Troian host, who now but of safety 
Thought, and -of flight, forgetting their former prowess and valour. 

Aias, the giant chief, still sought with his spear to encounter 
Hector, the brazen-helmed. But he, too wary and skilful, 
Cov'ring his shoulders broad with the tough bull-hide of his buck- 
ler, ( 3 6o) 
Heard, secure, the hiss of the darts, and the shock of the jav'lins. 
All too well he perceived that fate that day was against him, 
Yet he remained, resolved to save his friends and companions. 

As from Olympus' heights a cloud spreads forth o'er the heavens, 
Blotting the clear bright sky, when Zeus is preparing a tempest ; 
Thus from the ships spread forth wild flight, confusion, and clamour. 
Order no more prevailed as they fled. The horses of Hector 
Bore him away, with his arms, at speed. There left he the Trojans, 
Struggling to pass the trench, which hemmed their way and confined 

them. 
Fiery steeds, with frantic plunge, broke loose front their harness, (370) 
Leaving the cars of their lords, with broken poles, in its hollows. 
After them flew Patroclus, and loudly cheered on the Grecians, 
Thirsting for Trojan blood : while those with confusion and clamour, 
Flying in all directions, blocked the paths. In a whirlwind 
Mounted the dust to the clouds, as the trampling hoofs of the horses 
Hurried away from the tents and ships to the walls of the city. 

Still, where the rout was thickest, and loudest the clamour, Patroclus 
Urged on his steeds with impatient cries, while under his axles, 
Headlong dashed from their shattered cars, rolled many a hero. 
Nor did the trench oppose. With a bound the coursers immortal, (380) 
Glorious gifts of the gods above to the sire of Achilles, 
Cleared it, from side to side. Then turned his thoughts upon Hector, 
Longing to slay him. In vain : for his steeds out of reach had 

conveyed him. 
As when athwart the black'ning earth the gloom of the tempest 



Book XVI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 353 

Drearily sweeps, when autumnal rains pour down at their fiercest 
(Sent by Almighty Zeus as a sign of his heavy displeasure, 
When by perverse decrees, by force obtain'd, in th' assembly, 
Bad men trample on justice, and brave the vengeance of heaven), 
Full to o'erflowing is ev'ry stream. Deep cleaving, the torrents 
Furrow the mountain slopes with yawning ravines. To the ocean (390) 
Wild they rush with impetuous roar, and fling themselves headlong 
Down from the crags ; and the labours of man disappear in a moment. 
Such was the roar and rush of the panting steeds and the chariots. 

Now of the fugitive host intercepting the nearest, Patroclus 
Drove them towards the ships ; nor allowed them to make for the city, 
Much as they longed to reach it : and there, in the space that extended 
'Twixt the ships and the lofty walls and the course of the river, 
Hemmed them, and numbers slew, exacting a terrible vengeance. 
Pronoiis first on the breast he smote with his glittering jav'lin, 
Where by his shield uncovered left, and cut short his existence. (400) 
Down with a crash he fell. Then Thestor, offspring of Enops, 
Next he attacked ; who crouching, all panic-stricken and helpless, 
Sate in his polished car. From his hands, unable to hold them, 
Dropped the reins. Patroclus approached, and rushing upon him 
Drove through his cheek the spear, which shattered the teeth in 

its passage. 
Then o'er the rail of his car he dragged him out : as a fisher, 
Sitting on some projecting crag overlooking the ocean, 
Draws a huge fish with his line and brazen hook from the water, 
Hideously gaping thus was Thestor dragged from his chariot. (409) 
Hurled to the ground, on his face he fell, and his spirit forsook him. 
Next Eryalus he smote with a stone, who came rushing against him, 
Full on his head it fell, which in twain it split; nor his helmet 
Aught could avail, though strong, to protect him. Prostrate he 

tumbled, 
Rolled in the dust, and the hand of death weighed heavy upon him. 
Then Erymantas he slew, Amphoterus, Echius, Epaltes, 
Brave Tlepolemus, son of Damastor, Ipheus, and Pyres, 
Argeas' son Polymelus, Evippus : — one on the other, 
Heaped in a dreadful pile, encumbered the ground with their corses. 



2 3 



154 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVI. 



Now, when Sarpedon beheld his companions falling around him, 
Swept from the field by the ruthless hand of the son of Menoetius, (420) 
Thus in upbraiding words he accosted the Lycian warriors : 
" Shame on ye, Lycians ! where are ye flying ? Put forth your vigour ! 
I myself will confront this conquering hero and test him, 
If he be mortal ma?i who rages thus on the Trojans, 
Heaping such countless woes, and making such havoc among us." 
Thus he spake, and leaped to the ground full armed from his chariot. 
Down sprang Patroclus too, and at once both heroes encountered, 
Closing, like angry vultures on some high rock, who contending, 
Buffet, and scream, and tear with their crooked beaks and their talons. 
Thus with resounding shouts those chieftains rushed on each other. 

Grieving, beheld their meeting the son of mysterious Kronos. (431) 
Turning to Hera, his sister and spouse, in these words he ad- 
dressed her : 
"Woe to my soul! Sarpedon, my son, the dearest of mortals, 
Now by the fates' decree must succumb to the son of Menoetius. 
Sorely with doubts is my heart perplexed, my councils divided ! 
Can I not snatch him away from this wretched struggle, and place him 
Living and safe once more in his wealthy and prosperous Lycia ! 
Or must I now resign him to fall by the hand of Patroclus?" 

Turning upon him her radiant eyes thus Hera responded, 
"Offspring of Kronos dread ! what words are these thou hast 
spoken ? (44c) 

Wouldst thou then snatch from gloomy death, the portion of all men , 
One, though a hero, mortal, and long since marked for destruction ? 
Do as thou wilt — but all the Gods will blame thy decision. 
This, moreover, I tell thee, and well shalt thou do to observe it : 
Think ! shouldst thou rescue Sarpedon and send him back to 

his kingdom, 
Will not some other God, by an equal claim, from the combat 
Rescue his dear-lov'd son whom he sees in danger to perish? 
Gods not a few have sons round the lofty city of Priam 
Fighting. That claim refuse^ and all will resent thy injustice. 
Is he so dear to thy soul? Does thine heart thus yearn to thine 
offspring? (450) 



Book XV I.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 355 

Still be the fates fulfilled. Let him fall by the hand of Patroclus, 
Meeting a glorious death in the fierce encounter impending. 
But, when the struggle is o'er, when his soul and life have departed, 
Lay thy commands on gentle Sleep and Death to convey him 
Softly back to his own wide realm and his Lycian people. 
There let his brethren and friends fit rites perform, and the honours 
Due to the dead bestow : the memorial mound and the column." 
Thus she spake : and the sire of Gods and mortals assented, 
Show'ring albeit on the field great drops of blood from the heavens, 
Mourning his son, now ready to fall by the hand of Patroclus, (460) 
Far from his native land, in the fruitful region of Troia. 

Now were the heroes met. But a trifling space was between them, 
When Patroclus his spear dismissed, and the brave Thrasymelus 
Smote ; of Sarpedon his sov'reign the trusty friend and attendant. 
Pierced through the groin, to the ground he fell, and his spirit 

forsook him. 
Then flew Sarpedon's lance, but it missed the mark it was aimed at, 
And upon Pedasus lighted, the mortal steed of Achilles. 
Which through the shoulder it pierced. With a yell he breathed forth 

his spirit, 
While in the dust he rolled and moaning lay. But his fellows 
Started asunder, crashed their yoke, and the reins were en- 
tangled, (470) 
Twining about the prostrate form of their struggling companion. 
This when Automedon saw, with prompt and ready decision 
Drawing his long sharp sword from his stalwart thigh, he dissevered 
All that bound them together, and soon cast loose the encumbrance. 
Then to the pole they closed, and again drew straight in the traces. 
Once more the chiefs prepared to renew their deadly encounter. 
Once more Sarpedon in vain dismissed his glittering jav'lin. 
Erring, above Patroclus' shoulder it flew; and unwounded 
Still he remained. Not so the spear of the son of Mencetius, 
Not thus vainly and erring it flew from the hand of its master. (480) 
Under his firm-knit heart it passed, through the fold of the midriff. 
Prostrate he fell, as falls a gigantic oak, or a poplar, 
Or as some lofty pine on the mountain-side, which the shipwrights 



2 3" 



356 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVI. 

Hew for a timber, or mast, of some mighty ship with their axes. 
Thus lay the Prince, outstretched beside his steeds and his chariot, 
Grinding his teeth, and the bloody dust convulsively grasping. 
As when a lion hath seized some lordly bull in the pasture, 
Tawny and huge, from the trampling herds which fly from his presence, 
Bellowing he lies beneath the devouring jaws of the monster : 
Thus, indignant at falling beneath the hand of Patroclus, (490) 

Lycia's chief in groans bespake his friend and companion : 
"Glaucus ! friend of my heart ! most brave of the brave ! it behoves 

thee 
Now to surpass thyself, and shew thyself mighty in battle: 
Summon up all thy strength, and nerve thy heart for the trial. 
Call on my Lycian warriors, one and all, to assemble 
Round the corse of their prince, and defend the remains of Sarpedon. 
Fight thyself for thy friend, and ply thy spear to protect him : 
For, if thou fail in this — if thou suffer the Greeks to despoil me, 
Leaving me here among their ships, — henceforth and for ever (499) 
Shame on thy front will sit, and bitter reproach will pursue thee. 
Hold out bravely, and fight like men, both thou and thy comrades." 
Thus while he spake, the shadow of death drew round, and his eye- 
sight 
Failed, and his breathing ceased. Then Patroclus his heel on his 

bosom 
Planted, and drew forth the spear, its point entwined with his heart- 
strings; 
Issued the life with the gushing blood, and followed the weapon ; 
While by the Myrmidon warriors seized, his fiery coursers 
Breaking away from the chariot in wild affright were arrested. 
Dire was the anguish of heart which on Glaucus fell when he heard 
him, 
Knowing himself disabled, and all unfit for the struggle. 
Grasping his wounded arm he pressed it hard, for he suffered (510) 
Grievous pangs from the hurt which Teucer's shaft had inflicted 
When in defence of the lofty wall he resisted his onset. 
Then in his anguish he prayed to the bright far-darting Apollo : 
"Hear me, O King ! whether Lycia's . fertile realm with thy presence 



Book XVI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 357 

Gladdening, or Troia's plains : alike thou hear'st the afflicted 
Wheresoever thou art, when distress like mine is upon them. 
Lo ! what a wound I bear ! what piercing torment I suffer 
Here in this useless arm ! unstanched, my life-blood is streaming 
Still from its open wound, while helpless it hangs from my shoulder. 
Nor can I grasp my spear, nor meet my foe in the battle, (5 2 °) 

Now, too, hath perished a mighty chief, our prince and our leader, 
Brave Sarpedon, the son of Zeus, who helped not his offspring. 
Hear me, O King 1 and heal this unhappy wound, and my torments 
Bitter assuage ; and restore my strength that, my Lycian comrades 
Once more gath'ring in arms, I may cheer them on to the combat : 
Fighting myself in defence of the mighty dead, as becomes me" 
Thus in his anguish he prayed, and his prayer reached Phoebus 

Apollo. 
Forthwith the raging pain he allayed, and the blood from his elbow 
Black-distilling he stanched, and restored him to soundness and vigour. 
Inly conscious of pain relieved and vigour returning, (530) 

Glaucus rejoiced in his soul, for his prayer he knew had been granted. 
First to the Lycian chiefs he went his rounds, and excited 
All to. collect, and fight round the prostrate form 0/" Sarpedon. 
Then to the Trojans he hasted away long-striding, and summoned 
Brave Polydamas, Panthoiis' son, and godlike Agenor, 
Then unto Hector, lord of the brazen helm, and ^Eneas, 
Passed ; and taking his stand at Hector' side, he addressed him : 
" Hector ! thy faithful allies may justly complain of thy conduct, 
Who for thy sake, afar from their friends, afar from their country, 
Pour forth their lives unstinting, and thou dost nought to assist 

them. (54°) 

Now is Sarpedon fall'n, the chief of our Lycian warriors, 
He who the sceptre of Lycia swayed in might and in justice, 
Slain by Patroclus' spear, whom bronze-mail'd Ares hath aided. 
Come, then, my friends ! stand by me. Let grief and vengeance 

inspire you ; 
Let them not spoil his arms, nor suffer the Myrmidon warriors, 
Bearing in mind the Greeks who have fall'n, — the chiefs without 

number 



358 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVI. 

Who by his lance have bled, — to insult the remains of Sarpedon." 
Thus he spake ; and grief unendurable seized on the Trojans, 
Bitter and deep : for a tower of strength had he been to their city, 
Stranger indeed, yet by all belov'd; and num'rous his forces, (550) 

Many the heroes he led, himself the bravest among them. 
Straight at the Greeks they rushed with impetuous fury, and Hector, 
Burning with rage at Sarpedon's death, at their head. But Patroclus, 
Valiant and stern of heart, pushed on the Grecians to meet them, 
Thus th' Aiantes addressing, who longed like himself for the onset : 
"Noble Aiantes! Behold the joe I Be it yours to repel him. 
Heroes ye always were. Be now more heroic than ever! 
There lies the chief, Sarpedon, who first surmounted your rampart. 
Now is the time to dishonour his corse, and strip from his shoulders 
All those glitt'ring and gorgeous arms, and slay without mercy (560) 
All of his Trojan friends who dare approach to protect him." 
Thus he spake. Right ready were both to lend their assistance. 

Now upon either side were the ranks reinforced for the struggle ; 
Trojans with Lycians here, there Achaians with Myrmidons joining. 
Closing, with dreadful cries, o'er the corse they fought ; and around it 
Tumult arose ; the shout of the troops, and clash of their armour. 
Zeus over all thick darkness stretched, augmenting the horror, 
Deep'ning the fight round his much-lov'd son, and swelling the 
carnage. 
Troy's was the first success. The first who fell was a Grecian, 
One not last nor feeblest of all the Myrmidon warriors, (57°) 

Noble Epeigeus, valiant son of the mighty Agacles, 
Who in Budaeum ruled, a town well-peopled and wealthy ; 
Thence was Epeigeus chased, having caused the death of a kinsman, 
And unto Peleus came and Thetis the silvery-footed : 
Thence dispatched with the troops to swell the ranks of Achilles, 
Troia, famed for its steeds, to visit, and war against Ilium. 
Scarce had he touched the dead, when a stone came thund'ring 

from Heel or, 
Full on his head it fell, which in twain it split ; nor his helmet 
Aught could avail, though strong, to protect him. Prostrate he 
tumbled, 



Book XVI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 359 

Stretched on the corpse, and the hand of Death weighed heavy 

upon him. (580) 

Deep was the grief for his comrade slain which seized on Patroclus, 
Straight through the fray he dashed like the swift-wing'd hawk 

which disperses 
Starlings and chaff ring daws which fly before him in terror. 
Such was thy rush, Patroclus bold, on the Trojans and Lycians, 
Such was the wrath in thine heart when thou saw'st the fall of 

thy comrade. 
Full on the neck Sthenelaiis he smote, Ithsemenes' offspring, 
With an enormous crag which tore the tendons asunder. 
Fear on the Trojans seized a?id they fled. Ev'n Hector retreated, 
Far as the flight of some mighty lance, by the hand of a spearman 
Hurled, for a trial of strength, in peaceful sport, or in battle (590) 
Aimed at some distant foe in the deadly struggle of heroes. 
So far the Trojans withdrew, and abandoned the field to the Argives. 
Glaucus, the Lycian chief, was the first to turn, and advancing, 
Great Bathyclaeus encountered and slew, brave offspring of Chalcon, 
Who in the region of Hellas fair in wealth and abundance 
Dwelt at his ease, distinguished among the Myrmidon nobles, — 
Glaucus, turning him suddenly round, when just overtaken, 
Lifted his shining spear and pierced to the heart his pursuer. 
Down with a crash he fell. Full sore was the grief of the Argives, 
Seeing a chief so brave struck down, while the Trojans exulted. (600) 
Rallying around in crowds they stood : but the Grecians advancing, 
Proud of their ancient prowess and strength, came rushing upon them. 

Merion now struck down a crested chief of the Trojans, 
Mighty and fierce in fight, Laogonus, son of Onetor, 
Priest of Idaean Zeus; like a god by the people respected. 
Under the ear and beneath the jaw the blow was delivered. 
Life fled at once from his limbs, and darkness gathered around 

him. 
Then at Meriones, lifting aloft his shield and advancing, 
Mighty yEneas hurled his lance, in hopes to destroy him; 
Not unperceived : for the wary chief stooped forward, avoiding (610) 
Death, and the long sharp spear passed harmless on, and behind him 



3 6 ° 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XVI. 



Fixed in the ground, and quivering stood from the point to the handle, 
Guiltless of blood, and expended its mighty force in its tremors. 
[Vainly the weapon had fled from the powerful hand of its master, 
Quivering there in the earth it stood, deep-rooted and harmless.] 
Then was ^neas wrath, and thus he vented his anger : 
"None but a dancer expert could have thus eluded my weapon. 
Merion ! had it but touched thee there soon were an end of thy 

gambols." 
Thus to his taunt rejoined that brave and redoubtable spearman : 
"Brave as thou art, vEneas, thy task methinks were a hard one, (620) 
All to destroy who against thee in arms shall come. Thou art mortal, 
This remember, and wait thine hour, which sure will overtake thee. 
And if, exulting in pride as thou stand'st, on thy valour relying, 
Merion's spear (as well it may) should light on thy bosom, 
Mine were the boast, but thine the downward journey to Hades." 

Thus he spake, but the valiant son of Mencetius rebuked him : 
"Merion! why these words, so ill beseeming thy valour? 
Think not sarcastic words, my friend, will scatter the Trojans 
Crowding around yon corse ! They must take their places beside it. 
Deeds are the one thing needful in war, and words in the council; (630) 
Here men come not together to talk. Our bus'ness is fighting." 

Speaking thus he advanced, and the godlike Merion followed. 
Then, as within some mountain dell the crash of the forests, 
Falling beneath the woodman's axe, uprouses the echoes, 
So through that wide-expanded plain the clash of their weapons 
Echoed, from brass, from tough bull-hide, from breastplate and buckler, 
Battered, and hacked with swords, and pierced with two-edged lances. 

Now not his nearest friend would have known the form of Sarpedon, 
Covered from head to foot with dust and blood ; and with lances 
Pierced and disfigured, from many a hand in the combat around 
him. (640) 

Still round his corse they gathered in crowds, like flies which by myriads 
Gather and hum in the stalls round the milking pails in the spring-tide, 
What time the milk is sweet and rich and the pails overflowing. 
Thus round the corse they gathered in crowds ; wfcile not for an instant 
Zeus from the fight his radiant eyes averted, but kept them 



Book XVI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 361 

On the contending heroes fixed, in his bosom revolving 
All the impending fates of Patroclus brave : for he doubted 
Whether the mighty Hedlor should conquer at once and should 

stretch him 
Lifeless on godlike Sarpedon's remains, and strip from his shoulders 
All his resplendent arms, or, prolonging the arduous struggle, (650) 
Deaths he should heap on deaths, and swell the number of viclims. 
This he at length resolved, as the better course; that Patroclus, 
[Servant brave of the mighty Achilles, offspring of Peleus,] 
Once more should turn to flight the Trojans and crest-waving Hector, 
Drive them back to the city, and strew the plain with their corses. 
Therefore he chilled the heart and enfeebled the courage of Hector. 
First of the host to his car he sprang, and called on the Trojans 
All to follow his flight, for fate, he perceived, was against him. 
Then resisted no longer the Lycian host; but in terror (659) 

All of them turned and fled ; for they saw the form of their sov'reign 
Pierced to the heart, and o'erwhelmed with the pile of dead; for 

upon him 
Many had fall'n, crushed down by the stern control of Kronion. 
Then did the Greeks from Sarpedon his brazen and glittering armour 
Tear, and Mencetius' valiant son to his friends and companions 
Gave it in charge, from the field to the hollow ships to convey it, 

Now to Apollo spake the cloud-compelling Kronion : 
" Haste thee ! Phoebus belov'd. Draw forth the corse of Sarpedon 
Out from the spears and darts, and his limbs from the gore that 

defiles them 
Cleanse ; and far from the field with copious streams from the river 
Lave; with ambrosia anoint; and clothe them with garments 

immortal. ' (670) 

Then to my messengers, Sleep and Death, twin brothers, consign him, 
Silent and swift, who will bear him away, and gently restore him 
Back to his native realm, his wide and prosperous Lycia; 
There shall his brethren and friends fit rites perform, and the honours 
Due to the dead bestow : the funereal mound and the column. 
Thus he spake, and Phoebus obeyed the command of his Parent. 
Darting at once from Ida's height to the midst of the combat, 



362 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVI. 



Forth from the weapons the corse he drew of mighty Sarpedon ; 
Far from the field then bore it, with plenteous streams from the river 
Laved ; with ambrosia anointed ; and clothed it in raiment immortal. 
Then to the messengers, Sleep and Death, twin-brothers, consigned it, 
Silent and swift, who bore him away, and gently restored him 
Back to his native earth, his wide and prosperous Lycia. 

Eagerly now Patroclus, his steeds Automedon cheering, 
Dashed in pursuit of the Lycians and Trojans, and rushed on 

destruction. 
Rash, and misled ! Had he called to mind the command of Achilles, 
Surely that fatal hour and the blackness of death had been spared him. 
Higher however than mortal man's are the thoughts of the Father, 
He, when he will, discomfits the brave — in the moment of conquest 
Snatches the palm from hands which himself hath strengthened 
to win it : (690) 

So did he strengthen Mencetius' son, and filled him with courage. 

Say, Patroclus ! whom first, whom last, didst thou hurl into Orcus, 
Urged on, thyself, by fate, and called by the Gods to destruction. 
First Adrestus, Autonous next, and mighty Echeclus, 
Perimus, then great Megas' son, Melanippus, Epistor, 
Elasus next, then Mulius fell, then valiant Pylartes. 
Fall'n, their fellows dispersed in flight, each seeking his safety. 

Then had the- lofty gates of Troy to the sons of Achaia 
Bowed, and to raging Patroclus' brandish'd spear, and his prowess, 
Had not Apollo himself interposed, and high on the rampart (700) 
Taken his stand, with wrathful intent, and assisted the Trojans. 
Thrice did Patroclus a buttress attempt to scale, but Apollo 
Thrice repelled the assault, and thrust him back as he mounted, 
Striking his beaming shield with the hand of a God. But a fourth time, 
When he renewed the attempt with unearthly courage and vigour, 
Broke forth, in threat'ning tone, these warning words from the godhead : 
"Heav'n-born Patroclus ! retire ! nor vainly deem to thy weapon 
Fate hath decreed the fall of the lofty city of Ilion. 
Not to Achilles himself will it yield, though far thy superior." 
Thus he spake. Then far from the wall Patroclus retreated, (710) 
Dreading the wrath to provoke of the bright far-darting Apollo. 



Book XVI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 363 

Hector the while at the Scsean gate remained in his chariot, 
Doubtful whether again in the fight to mix, or, retreating, 
Gather the people in safety within the walls of the city. 
This in his mind debating, beside him Phoebus Apollo 
Stood; assuming the shape of a hero, valiant and youthful, 
Asius : uncle was he of Hector, tamer of horses, 
Hecuba's own dear brother; to Dymas his father in Phrygia 
Born, where he dwelt in his wealth, on the fertile bank of Sangarius. 
Taking his form, to Hector Apollo addressed his remonstrance : (720) 
" Hector ! ill it beseems thee to stand aloof from the combat. 
Were but our ranks reversed, and I thy superior in station, 
Soon wouidst thou learn to repent having left thy post in the battle. 
Up, then, and charge with the might of thy powerful steeds on 

Patroclus, 
Not without hope to slay him, should Phoebus lead thee to glory." 
Thus spake the God, and left him, and plunged in the thick of 

the conflict. 
Hector then unto valiant Cebriones turned, and commanded 
Into the battle his bounding steeds to lash : and Apollo 
Passed on before him and entered the crowd, and spread through 

the Argives 
Dread and confusion ; glory preparing for Troy and for Hector. (730) 
He, neglecting the rest of the Greeks, nor staying to slay them, 
Charged on Patroclus direct with all the speed of his horses; 
Who when he saw him approach at once sprang down from his chariot. 
Holding his spear in his left, in his right hand grasped he a fragment, 
Heavy and rugged, of marble white, which hardly it closed on. 
Putting forth all his might, he hurled the stone, and it missed not, 
Nor was it slow in its flight. On Cebriones' forehead it lighted, 
Hector's charioteer (the offspring of glorious Priam, 
Though from unwedded love), who held the reins of his horses. 
Crushing his brows it fell : nor the solid bone of his forehead (740) 
Aught availed to resist it. His eyes, forced out from their orbits, 
Dropped at his feet in the dust ; and headlong down like a diver 
Forward he plunged from the rich-wrought seat ; and his spirit 

forsook him. 



364 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVI. 

Bitterly mocking arose thy derisive taunt, O Patroclus ! 
"Gods! how expertly he dives! what a nimble and clever per- 
former ! 
Had he this feat performed in the fishy sea, we had seen him, 
Bringing up oysters enough to feast us all. He might safely 
Plunge from the side of a ship, let the sea be never so stormy. 
Here he exhibits his skill by a plunge from the seat of his chariot. 
One thing is sure : the Trojans have excellent divers among 
them." (75°) 

Thus he spake, and rushed on the prostrate chief, as a lion 
Fierce, who the fold having ravaged, at length receiving his 

death-wound, 
Falls to his own impetuous force and courage a victim. 
Eagerly thus thou sprang'st on the prostrate hero, Patroclus ! 

Hector beheld, and leaped to the ground at once from his chariot, 
Then, as above some slaughtered stag in the mountain recesses 
Two fierce lions in deadly struggle contend for the carcase, 
Burning with equal rage, and by equal hunger incited; 
So did these two great lords of the fight o'er Cebriones prostrate, 
Mighty Patroclus, Mencetius' son, and illustrious Hector, (760) 

Aim at each other in deadly hate their pitiless weapons. 

Hector the head of the corpse had seized, and his grasp he 
relaxed not; 
Brave Patroclus the feet held fast ; and the Greeks and the Trojans 
Crowded around them both) and engaged in desperate conflict. 
As when within some mountain-gorge, "dense-wooded and gloomy, 
Eurus and Notus contend which most shall shatter the forest; 
Clashing together, the beech, the ash, and the wide-spreading cornel, 
Rude intermingle their struggling boughs, and the roar of the branches 
Deepens around, and the mingling crash of the prostrated thicket : 
Thus did the Trojans and thus the Greeks in mutual slaughter (770) 
Close with a rush, all thoughts of flight or safety dismissing. 
Many a pointed spear round the falPn Cebriones bristled ; 
Many a winged shaft leapt swift and sharp from the bowstring ; 
Many a weighty stone came thund'ring on shield and on buckler 
There as they fought : and a whirlwind of dust fell thick on the hero, 



Book XVI.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



365 



Wide outstretched as he lay, all his charioteering forgotten. 

Now while the sun in his daily course mid-heav'n was ascending, 
So long alike in either host were the wounds and the slaughter, 
But when his noon was passed, and his path to the west was declining, 
Greece had the best of the fight, and in fate's despite was triumphant. 
Forth from the weapons the corpse they drew from the press 

of the Trojans, (7 Si) 

And from its shoulders tore the bright and glittering armour. 
Then on the Trojans Patroclus rushed, dire thoughts in his bosom 
Harbouring. Thrice he charged with the might of infuriate Ares, 
Dreadfully shouting : and thrice did he strike down nine of his foemen. 
But when with more than mortal force he rushed on, a fourth time, 
Then, O Patroclus I drew to its close the career of thy glory. 
Phoebus approached thee, forcing his way through the thick of 

the conflict, 
Dreadful ! Him through the tumult advancing Patroclus perceived not, 
Such, and so dense the mist that his form and features surrounded : (790) 
Standing behind him, a blow on his back he dealt, and his shoulders 
Broad, with the flat of his hand. Then his eyes swam giddy and 

dazzling; 
Off from his head the helmet flew, by Phoebus Apollo 
Smitten ; and clatt'ring it rolled beneath the feet of the horses. 
Soiled in the dust and blood was that lofty crest, which aforetime 
Never had known the touch of earth, which dust and defilement 
Never before disgraced : for o'er mighty Achilles its plumage 
Waved, and the godlike head and beauteous face of the hero 
Shaded : henceforward on Hector's head to wave and to glisten, (799) 
Granted by Zeus for a while, till a speedy death should overtake him. 
Flew from his hand in shivers the long-forth-shadowing jav'lin, 
Heavy, and stubborn, and huge, and brazen-tipp'd. From his 

shoulders 
Glided to earth his all-protecting shield with its baldric. 
Down fell his breastplate too, stript off by Phoebus Apollo. 

Then was his soul disturbed. His knees 'gan tremble beneath him. 
Dazed and astound he stood. Then approached a Dardanian 

warrior, 



3 66 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XVI. 



And in his back, his shoulders betwixt, a wound he inflicted. 
This was Euphorbus, Panthous' son, who his youthful companions 
Far surpassed, as a spearman, a runner swift, and a rider, (809) 
One who already full twenty warriors had hurled from their chariots, 
New to the use of his own, yet learning the practice of warfare. 
Such was the man who smote thee first with his lance, O Patroclus ! 
Yet he subdued thee not : and he slunk away to his comrades, 
First having plucked from the wound his ashen spear : for Patroclus, 
All unarmed as he stood and naked, he feared to encounter. 

Wounded, disarmed by the God, Patroclus withdrew from the 

combat, 
Back to the ranks of his friends, in sore distress and confusion. 
Hector, when this he marked, when he saw the godlike Patroclus 
Out of the fight to his friends retiring, wounded and bleeding, 
Pushed through the crowd, approached him close, and lifting his 

jav'lin (820) 

Drove it beneath his ribs through the flank, and it issued behind him : 
Down with a crash he fell, while horror seized on the Grecians. 
As when a lion and savage boar contend for the mast'ry, 
High on a mountain slope when, burning with thirst, they encounter 
Close to the edge of some small rill, both longing to taste it; 
Triumphs at length o'er his panting foe the might of the lion : 
Thus, after many a warrior slain, the son of Mencetius 
Yielded his life at length to the conqu'ring jav'lin of Hector, 
Who in exulting tones his prostrate foeman accosted : 
"Where is thy boast, Patroclus ! insulter vain ! that our city (830) 
Soon thou wouldst overwhelm, and carry the matrons of Troia 
Bond-slaves, torn from their homes, in your ships to the land of 

your fathers? 
Here are the steeds of Hector, who bear their lord to the battle, 
Swift of foot, to defend them; — and Hector himself with his jav'lin, 
First of the warriors of Troy, who hath saved them now, and will 

save them 
Still, from that evil day : while thou shalt fatten the vultures. 
Little, unhappy wretch ! hath the might of Achilles availed thee, 
Much he enjoined, no doubt, when himself inactive, he sent thee 



Book XVI.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



3£>7 



Forth to the fight. 'Return not/ (methi?iks I hear him) 'Patroclus ! 
Back to my hollow ships, till the arms of death-dealing Hector, (840) 
Torn from his bleeding breast, thou bring me back as thy trophy.'' 
Such, perchance, were his words. And thou, in thy folly, believ'dst 
them." 

Thus, with feeble and fainting voice responded Patroclus : 
" Hector ! boast if thou wilt. To almighty Zeus and Apollo 
Ow'st thou this easy success. 'Tis they who have conquered Patroclus, 
Who from my shoulders stripped my arms, and exposed me defenceless. 
Twenty such men as thou might have striv'n in vain to oppose me ; 
All had I conquered, — all beneath my spear would have perished. 
Fate was against me : — fate and the vengeful offspring of Leto, 
And among men, Euphorbus. Thy part w r as the third, and the 
meanest. (850) 

One more word may I speak ; and well wilt thou do to observe it. 
Brief is the term which remains of thine own career : for already 
Fate unsparing, and gloomy death, stand close at thy elbow, 
Doomed as thou art to fall by the hand of peerless Achilles." 

Thus while he spake the shadow of death came gath'ring around 
him, 
Quitting its mortal abode, his soul passed downward to Hades, 
Wailing its lot, relinquishing youth, and beauty, and manhood. 
Hector awhile stood o'er him, and thus addressed the departed : 
" Wherefore this dismal announcement of coming death ? O Patroclus ! 
May not Achilles himself, though znighty, and born of a Goddess, (860) 
Yield up his life as well, beneath my conquering jav'lin?" 
Thus he spake, and the brazen spear from the wound he extracted, 
Planting his heel on his bosom, and spurning the corse from the weapon : 
Then, with recovered lance, on Automedon rushed, in the chariot 
Seated, and guiding the steeds of iEacus' mighty descendant, 
Eager to slay him. But him th' immortal coursers of Peleus 
(Gift of the gods) bore far away, disappointing his purpose. 



THE ILIAD 

BOOK XVII. 



24 



BOOK THE SEVENTEENTH. 



Argument. 

Me ne la us defends the body of Patroclus, and kills Euphorhns. 
Heclor approaching, Menelaiis retires ; but returning with Aias, drives 
him off. Glaucus reproaches him. He arms himself in the spoils of 
Patroclus, and makes a fresh attack. A thick darkness overspreads the 
scene of the co?nbat, which grows every moment fiercer; Aias rallying the 
Greeks, and jEneas supporting the Trojans. The horses of Achilles weep 
for the loss of Patroclus. Zeus reanimates the?n, and Automedon drives 
off the car. Heclor and Apneas pursue him. The two Aiantes coming up 
they desist, and the combat over Patroclus is renewed j Pallas inspiring 
Menelaiis to defend it, and Apollo Heclor to assail him. Zeus thunders 
and puts the Greeks to flight. A ias prays for light, which is granted. 
Antilochus is sent to advise Achilles of Patroclus 1 death. At length 
Menelaus and Merion bear off the body to the ships, Aias defending 
them. 



ILIAD. BOOK XVII. 



A/TIGHTY Patroclus' fall, by the hostile spears of the Trojans, 
•*■ Passed not unmarked by Atreus' warlike son Menelaiis. 
Sheathed in refulgent brass, to the front he advanced, and around him 
Stalked, with protecting stride; as a heifer, newly a mother, 
Paces around her first-born calf, with piteous lowing. 
Thus round Patroclus strode the fair-hair'd chief Menelaiis, 
Holding before him his lance, and the smooth round orb of his buckler, 
Ready and eager to slay whoe'er might advance to attack him. 
Neither did Panthus' valiant son, the spearman Euphorbus, 
Cease to remember Patroclus slain ; but approached, and before 
him (10) 

Stood, while thus he addressed Menelaiis, favour'd of Ares : 
" Atreus' heaven-born son, Menelaiis, prince of thy nation ! 
Off with thee ! quit yon corse ! and relinquish its spoils to their owner. 
None of our Trojan host or brave auxiliar forces 
Wounded Patroclus, before with my spear I smote him in battle. 
Seek not to rob me then of my glory, due from the Trojans, 
Lest with another stroke of my spear I dispatch thee to join him" 

Thus then, indignant, replied the fair-hair'd chief Menelaiis : 
"Father Zeus ! and ye PowWs of Heaven I what insolent boasting ! 
Why ! not a panther with half such unbridled wrath, not a lion, (20) 
Not an untameable, fierce, and destructive boar, in whose bosom 
Fury, and wild outbursting rage unceasingly harbour, 
Swells, as these sons of Panthus display, these marvellous spearmen ! 



24- 



372 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVII. 

Yet not long withstood me the might of proud Hyperenor, 
Whom in the bloom of his youth I slew ; who attacked, and provoked 

me, 
Calling me coward, and feeblest of all our Danaan warriors. 
Borne on no feet of his own, / ween, he returned to his parents 
Honoured, and loving wife, to rejoice their hearts with his triu?nphf 
So will I treat thee too, if thou tempt my might, and oppose me, 
Standing thy ground. Be advised. Retreat; and among thy com- 
panions (30) 
Skulk, and be lost in the crowd ; lest evil and mischief befall thee. 
Warnings the wise receive, but mishap is the teacher of folly." 

Thus he spake, but in vain : for thus responded Euphorbus : 
" Now for this act, Menelaiis, my vengeful spear shall requite thee ; 
Thee, who hast slain my brother, and thus canst boast of his slaughter; 
Widowed his new-wed bride, and sent her to weep in her chamber ; 
Heaping unspeakable grief on the hearts of his agonized parents. 
This shall afford some solace, some small relief to their sorrow, 
When, having stripped thine arms, and struck thine head from thy 

shoulders, 
Home, as an off'ring to Panthusand noble Phrontis, I bear them. (40) 
Now must we fight it out to the bitter end, and the question, 
If thou be coward or brave, shall thus full soon be decided." 

Thus as he spake he thrust at the smooth round orb of his buckler : 
Thrust, but pierced not the polished brass : for the point of his weapon 
Turned on the mighty shield. Next, Atreus' son, Menelaiis, 
First having prayed to Zeus, rushed on, uplifting his jav'lin. 
Just in the act of receding a step, the spear through his gullet 
Pierced. Urged on from behind, by the forceful hand of Atreides, 
Out through the tender neck stood forth the point of the weapon. 
Down he fell with a crash, and his armour rattled around him. (50) 
Dabbled in blood were his beauteous locks, which the Graces might 

envy, 
Each fair curl with circlets of gold entwined, and of silver, 
As when in some sequestered vale, all gurgling with fountains, 
Grows a young olive, nursed with care by the hand of the planter ; 
Waving in every breeze its graceful and silvery tresses, 



Book XVII.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



373 



Beauteous it stands and gay, with its snowy profusion of blossom, 

Till with a sudden wrench, the ruthless force of the tempest 

Tears it away, and stretches its prostrate form on the furrow : 

Thus lay Euphorbus, Panthus' son, by stern Menelaus, 

Atreus' offspring, slain : and the victor stripped off his armour. (60) 

As when a lion, exulting in might, from his lair in the mountains 

Springs on" the pasturing herd and seizes the best of the heifers : 

First with his monstrous fangs he breaks the neck of his victim, 

Then o'er the carcase stands and laps up the blood and the entrails, 

Tearing his flesh ; while dogs and herdsmen stand at a distance 

Shouting and barking with all their might : nor dare to approach him 

Near, or disturb his horrid meal, all pallid with terror; 

Thus not one of his Trojan friends could summon the courage 

Boldly to face Menelaus, and rescue the corse of their comrade. 

Then had he lightly borne those spoils away, but Apollo, (70) 

Pitying his hapless fate, to Atreides grudged their possession ; 

Hector he sought, and aroused the martial fire of his nature. 

Taking the form of Mentes, the brave Ciconian leader, 

Near him he stood, and in hasty and urgent Avords he addressed him : 

" Cease to pursue, O Hector, an unattainable object : 

Chasing Achilles' steeds thou but wasfst thy force. Couldst thou take 

them, 
They by no hand of mortal man will submit to be guided : 
None but Achilles, goddess-born, may hope to control them. 
Atreus' warlike son meanwhile, the prince Menelaus, 
Guarding Patroclus' corse % has encountered valiant Euphorbus, (80) 
One of our noblest Trojan chiefs, and slain him in battle." 

Thus spake the God ; and departing was lost in the crowd of the 

warriors. 
Deep fell the shadow of grief on the saddened spirit of Hector ; 
Casting around him a searching glance, he perceived through the 

tumult, 
Here, Menelaus bearing the spoils, there, hapless Euphorbus 
Stretched on the plain, and the gore from his wound still streaming 

around him. 
Sheathed in refulgent brass to the rescue he rushed, and before him 



374 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVII. 

Sent forth a fearful shout. Like the raging fires of Hephaestus, 
Fierce, unextinguished, he flew. Menelaiis warned by his outcry, 
Sore disturbed, communed with his heart as he saw him approach- 
ing : (90) 
" What must I do ? If I quit these beauteous arms, and Patroclus 
Leave undefended, whose blood in my cause has been shed — for my 

honour — 
Will not each Greek who beholds \tfor ever hate and despise me ? 
But, if, constrained by sense of shame I remain, and the Trojans 
All, with Hector, encounter, alone I shall stand and surrounded 1 
For with their whole array, lo ! crest-waving Hector advances. 
Yet what need of debate ? and why this conflict within me ? 
Surely when mortal man against fate shall strive, and in battle 
Stand, against one whom the Gods support, dire ills will o'erwhelm 

him : 
Therefore let none of the Greeks too harshly deem, who shall see 
me ( IO °) 

Yielding to Hector's might, whom a God leads onward to conquest. 
Could I but hear great Aias' voice o'er the roar of the battle, 
Back with him would I come and renew the struggle, regardless 
Ev'n of a God's opposing pow'r, and bear to Achilles 
Sad Patroclus' remains. 'Tis the best we can hope to accomplish." 

Thus while he stood but half resolved, and inly debating, 
On came the Trojan force, great Hector leading their onset, 
Then reluctant he turned him round, and the dead he abandoned, 
Slowly retiring : ev'n as a lion, bearded and shaggy, 
Who from the stalls retreats, when dogs around him and hunters 
Gather, and press him with clamour and spears, till his courage is 
shaken, ( XI1 ) 

And from the midst of the fold he retires, indignant and sullen; 
Thus from Patroclus withdrew the fair-haired chief Menelaiis. 
Turning at length, when in safety he reached the ranks of his comrades, 
Anxious he gazed around for the great Telamonian hero ; 
Soon he perceived him, far remote, on the left of the battle 
Rallying his troops ; for Phoebus Apollo had scattered among them 
Panic and wild dismay — till their chief resto?-ed them to order. 



Book XVII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 375 

Quickly he ran to the place, and arriving, thus he addressed him : 
" Aias ! hither, my friend ! Let us hasten to rescue Patroclus (120) 
Slain ; if at least his naked corse we may bear to Achilles ; 
Naked — for crest-waving Hector already possesses his armour." 
Thus he spake, and aroused the martial spirit of Aias. 
Forth they sped, and made for the spot where Patroclus was lying. 
Hector they found with the corpse despoiled of its beauteous 

armour, 
Dragging it off : for he meant to strike the head from its shoulders, 
And to the dogs of Troy as a prey to cast forth the body. 
Just then Aias arrived, his tow'r-like buckler advancing : 
Hector at once retired, and back to the ranks of his comrades 
Hasted, and into his chariot sprang. But the glorious trophies (130) 
First to his followers' care he consigned, to bear to the city. 
Aias the while o'er the dead the broad expanse of his buckler 
Spread, and around him stalked, as about his whelps doth a lion, 
Whom in the forest, leading them forth, the hunters encounter, 
When he collects his might, and in all his grimness of feature, 
Deep o'er his glaring eyes contracts the gloom of his eyebrows : 
Thus did great Aias stalk round the prostrate form of Patroclus. 
Atreus' son, by his side, the warlike chief Menelaiis, 
Stood j by a load of grief his heart oppressed and embittered. 

Glaucus now, Hippolochus' son, the brave Lycian leader, (140) 
Frowning on Hector, addressed him in words severe and reproachful : 
" Hector! a hero in outward show, thou art wanting in courage. 
How didst thou win thy fame ? Not, surely, by always retreating ! 
Henceforth, how to defend thy city 'twere well thou consider, 
With thy own native Trojan troops, alone and unaided ; 
For, be assured, not a Lycian now will fight with the Grecians, 
Or for the city strike one blow. 'Tis thankless, for ever, 
Thus unsupported, to waste our strength in perpetual conflict. 
How can we ever expect that a meaner man thou wilt living (149) 
Aid, or defend when dead, when Sarpedon, thy guest and companion, 
Recreant! thou left'st to the Argive spoilers, a prey and a booty : 
Whom, while living, to thee and thy nation a stay and a bulwark, 
Dead, thou hast suffered the Grecian dogs to tear and disfigure. 



376 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVII. 

If there be one then, who heeds my words, of our Lycian warriors, 
Home let him haste and abandon Troy to impending destruction. 
Now, ev'n now, if the Trojans had spirit or valour within them, 
Aught of that dauntless force which heroes who fight for their country 
Feel in their hearts when they meet their foes in desperate conflict, 
Yet might we easily bear Patroclus' corse into Ilion. 
Him could we drag from the fight to the lofty city of Priam — ( J 6o) 
Once could we carry him off from the field and secure his possession — 
Soon would the Greeks surrender the beauteous arms of Sarpedon, 
Soon should we see restored his lov'd remains, as a ransom ; 
This might we do, having slain the companion and friend of a hero, 
Bravest of all the Greeks, whose troops are the best of their warriors. 
But in the presence of Aias the noble-hearted, thy spirit 
Quails, and to stand before him and face to face in the battle, 
Meet him, thou dar'st not attempt. He is braver than thou, and 
thou know'st it." 
Frowning, the lord of the waving crest, great Hector, responded : 
" Glaucus ! methinks from one like thee such words are o'erweening.( 1 70) 
Ever, my friend ! till now, I believed thee discreet, and in wisdom 
Far surpassing the dwellers in fertile Lycia's region. 
Now must I deem thee beside thyself, such a word to have uttered, 
As that I dread to encounter the huge proportions of Aias. 
War and the thunder of chariots have nothing appalling to Hector. 
Higher however than mortal man's is the will of Kronion, 
He at his pleasure confounds the brave : — in the moment of triumph 
Snatches the palm from hands which himself has strengthened to win it. 
Come with me, friend ! stand by, and judge for thyself of my conduct, 
So shalt thou call me for ever disg?-aced, for ever a recreant, (180) 
If some few of the Greeks, who defend the corse of Patroclus, 
Learn not to rue the day, how boldly soever they bear them." 
Thus having spoken, he shouted a mighty shout to his foll'wers : 
"Trojans and Lycians all, and ye brave Dardanian warriors, 
Shew yourselves men, my friends ! Remember your prowess and 

valour. 
Soon shall ye see me, arrayed in the arms of peerless Achilles, 
Arms which I stripped myself from the prostrate form of Patroclus." 



Book XVII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 377 

Crest-waving Hector, thus having spoken, quitted the combat, 
Hast'ning away to o'ertake his train, who to Ilion were bearing 
Mighty Peleides' arms. With speed he ran and o'ertook them, (190) 
Light of foot, ere far they had passed on their Avay, and detained them. 
There, from the murd'rous fight apart, exchanging his armour, 
Back to the sacred city his own he dispatched, with an escort, 
Chosen, of warlike men ; while himself in the arms of Peleides, 
Blazing, celestial, he decked : — those arms to Peleus his father, 
Giv'n by th' immortal gods. From the aged king to Achilles 
Next they came : but the son grew not old in the arms of the father. 

Him beholding afar, the cloud-compelling Kronion, 
Thus in the shining arms of divine Peleides accoutred, 
Sadly his head he shook, and thus communed with his spirit : (200) 
"Ill-fated Prince ! No thought of death o'ershadows thy triumph, 
Near as thine end approaches. In arms celestial I see thee, 
Worn by the bravest of mortals, the scourge and terror of all men : 
Him, whose friend and companion, the gentle and brave, thou 

hast slaughtered, 
Stripping his arms in unseemly guise from his head and his shoulders. 
Yet will I give thee fame, and augment thy strength for a moment. 
Some compensation granting for this, that, returning from battle, 
Ne'er shall Andromache take from thy hands the arms of Achilles." 

Forward his dark and awful brows he bent, and inclining, 
Nodded. The arms then closed round the limbs, and the spirit 
of Ares ( 2I °) 

Rushed on the soul of Heel or. His form dilated, with vigour 
Swelling, and force immense. Then through th' auxiliar squadrons, 
Shouting aloud he passed : and all might trace a resemblance, 
Bright as he beamed, in the glorious arms of mighty Peleides. 
While, as he went through the ranks, he exhorted each of their leaders — 
Mesthles, Glaucus himself, Thersilochus, Asteropseus, 
Medon and brave Deisenor, Hippothous, Chromius, Phorcys, 
Ennomus too, for his augury famed. Not one he omitted, 
As in these rapid a7id soul-inspiring words he addressed them : 
" Hear me ! ye countless tribes of brave allies from our frontiers! (220) 
'Twas not to gather around me a crowd of idle retainers, 



378 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVII. 

That from your several cities and states I summoned you hither ; 
'Twas to defend with hearty zeal, from the warlike Achaians, 
Troy's high state, and our Trojan wives, and innocent children. 
Looking to this, have I lavished upon you our wealth and resources, 
Strait'ning our own supplies, and maintaining you all in abundance ; 
Now then be brave ! face round, and fight to the death, or by vicYry 
Rescue your lives : for such are the stakes and chances of warfare. 
Whoso shall seize on the corse of Patroclus dead, and shall bear it 
Out of the fight, to Troy, despite the resistance of Aias, ( 2 3°) 

Him will I grace with half our spoil, retaining the other; 
So shall he stand, my equal in gain, my equal in glory." 

Thus he spake, and at once in a mass they rushed on the Grecians, 
High uplifting their spears. Each warrior burned with impatience, 
Hoping to snatch the dead from the great Telamonian Aias. 
Fools ! full many a life o'er that prostrate form was relinquished ! 

Aias then Menelaiis addressed, the mighty in battle : 
" Brave Menelaus ! my godlike friend ! full small is the prospect 
Now that we both shall escape alive from this desperate struggle. 
'Tis not so much that I dread the impending loss of Patroclus, (240) 
Who to the dogs and vultures of Troy must soon be abandoned, 
But for thy life and my own I fear, since both are in danger. 
Lo ! what a whelming cloud of war comes gath'ring around us. 
Hector is there, and swift destruction waits on his footsteps, 
Call then ! shout for our Grecian chiefs, if any can hear thee." 

Brave Menelaus, great in the roar of battle, complying, 
Raised a tremendous shout, and thus he called on the Argives : 
"Friends and heroes of Greece ! ye leaders in war, and in council ! 
Ye, who with Atreus' sons, Menelaus and great Agamemnon, 
Drink choice wine at the public cost, and issue your orders, ( 2 5°) 
Each to his own brave troops — to whom Zeus gives glory and worship — 
111 may mine eyes discern your forms, or distinguish the stations, 
Where each one of you fights : so wildly rages the battle. 
Some of you come to our aid, and, indignant, lend your assistance, 
Dead Patroclus to save from the dogs and vultures of Ilion." 

Sharp rang the cry in the ears of swift Oilean Aias, 
And through the fight in haste he ran ; coming first to the rescue. 



Book XVI L] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



379 



After him mighty Idomeneus came, and his faithful attendant 

Merion, hardly inferior to death-dealing Ares in combat. 

Who may recount the names and the number of those who behind 

them (260) 

Followed, and swelled the Grecian ranks, restoring the battle? 
On rushed the Trojans in one close phalanx, headed by Hector. 
As when a river, fed by the rains of Zeus, to the ocean 
Hurrying, meets at its mouth the opposing wave, which in thunder 
Breaking, recoils, and the echoing cliffs a?id caveims rebellow, 
Burst forth the roar of the Trojan assault. Undaunted the Grecians 
Closed round Mencetius' son, one thought their bosoms inspiring, 
And by their brazen shields protected. Mighty Krom'on 
Poured meanwhile round their heads, and round their glittering helmets, 
Darkness and mist : for while he lived, the gattaiit Patroclus, (270) 
Hated he not, that faithful friend of mighty Peleides ; 
Wherefore he left him not for a prey to the dogs of the Trojans : 
That he abhorred ; and urged on his friends to fight and protect him. 
At the first onset recoiled the Greeks from the shock of the Trojans ; 
Back they withdrew, and left the dead ; but none of their number 
Sank by the Trojan spears opprest. Yet, unable to slay them, 
Still they succeeded in dragging the corpse ; though but for a moment. 
Soon they returned in force, for Aias quick to the rescue 
Flew, and restored the battle, who, next to peerless Achilles, 
Far surpassed the rest of the Greeks in person and prowess. (280) 
Straight through the press he charged, as some wild boar in the 

mountain, 
Rushing among the dogs, and the youthful band of the hunters, 
Easily scatters them all, and drives them back through the thicket : 
Thus did the mighty Telamon's offspring, glorious Aias, 
Dashing among them, with ease disperse the ranks of the Trojans ; 
Where round Patroclus swarming they clung, all eagerly longing 
Glory and triumph to win, and to drag him away to the city. 

Foremost of all Hippothoiis, son of Pelasgian Lethus, 
Seized on the corpse, and was dragging it off through the thick of the 

combat. 
He to its ankles had fastened a leathern thong, and had tied it (290) 



380 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVII. 

Tight round the sinews. The Trojans and Hector beheld it exulting. 
Fate, however, which nought might avert, came swiftly upon him. 
Telamon's valiant son was nigh. Through the press and the tumult 
Rushing, he drove his spear through the brazen cheeks of his helmet. 
Burst was the casque in sunder, around the blade of the weapon, 
Rent by the mighty spear, and the strong right hand that impelled it, 
Mingled with blood, out poured his brains through the cleft ; and the 

warrior 
Sank, and his limbs collapsed. From his grasp the feet of Patroclus 
Dropped to the ground, as his fingers relaxed their hold, and aban- 
doned 
Lay; and his prostrate form fell stretched in death on the body, (300) 
Far from Larissa's fertile fields; nor repaid to his parents 
All their nurture and tender care, — for his life was a short one, 
Cropped in his opening bloom by the ruthless weapon of Aias. 

Hector in turn advanced, and at Aias darted his jav'lin, 
Who, when he saw the coming spear, inclined, and escaped it 
Barely : but Schedius it struck, illustrious Iphytus' offspring, 
Bravest of all the Phocaeans. In Panope famed he resided, 
There was his palace ; there he ruled o'er a populous nation. 
Under his collar-bone was he stricken, and straight through his bosom 
Piercing, the brazen point stood forth behind from his shoulder; (310) 
Down he fell with a crash, and his armour rattled around him. 
Phorcys, the son of Phcenops, Hippothous bravely defending, 
Pierced by great Aias' spear, resigned his life. On the navel 
Lighting, it burst its way through the brazen plates of his armour, 
Rending his entrails. He fell, and clutched the dust with his fingers. 

Now were the foremost foes repulsed. Ev'n Hector retreated. 
Shouted the Greeks in triumph, and rushing at once on the corses, 
Phorcys, Hippothous, dragged them away, and stripped off their 

armour. 
Then had the Trojans again to the city retired, by the Grecians 
Chased from the plain, and driv'n in cowardly flight and co?ifusion ; (320) 
Then had the Greeks by their stubborn strength and desperate valour 
Glory achieved in despite of Zeus himself: but Apollo 
Stirred the soul of iEneas ; old Periphas' features assuming, 



Book XVII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 381 

Epytis' son, the herald ; now stricken in years ; to his father 
Well performing a herald's part; both courteous and prudent: 
Him resembling, Apollo bespake the son of Anchises : 
"How canst thou hope, ^Eneas ! 'gainst adverse fortune to struggle, 
Ilion's lofty city to save — (yet others have done so, 
Firm in their strength, their determined will ; — on their valour relying, 
And on the endless resource of a brave and populous nation) — (330) 
If, while the favour of Zeus is yours, and he aids not the Grecians, 
Trembling thus and inaclive ye stand, nor join in the conflict?" 
Thus he spake, but ^Eneas at once perceiving the Godhead, 
And of his presence aware, thus loudly shouted to Hector : 
" Hector ! ye Trojan chiefs and brave auxiliar leaders ! 
Shameful it is to retreat from the Greeks, be they never so warlike, 
Seeking inglorious safety behind the, walls of the city. 
Now, ev'n now, some pow'r divine stood nigh, and assured me 
That in all-pow'rful Zeus our cause hath a friend and supporter. 
On then! again, to the charge; nor suffer the Greeks unmolested (340) 
Back to their tents and ships to bear the remains of Patroclus." 
Thus he spake, and sprang to the front in advance of his comrades; 
Soon were they rallied, and down on the Greeks they poured in a body, 

First of the Greeks, Leocritus fell to the spear of ./Eneas, 
Son of Arisbas, companion in arms of brave Lycomedes. 
Grieving beheld Lycomedes his comrade's death; and approaching 
Close to the Trojan ranks, in vengeance sent forth his jav'lin; 
Hippasis' son, Apisaon, it struck, a prince of his nation : 
Fix'd in his liver it stood. Then strength and vigour forsook him. 
He from Paeonia's fertile realm, the best and the bravest (350) 
Next to his chief was reckoned, the warlike Asteropseus. 
Grieving beheld that chief his comrade's fall, and advancing 
Rushed at once on the Greeks, with an eager longing for vengeance. 
Vain was the effort. The Greeks stood close conjoined, with their 

bucklers 
Fenced in on every side, round the corse, protending their lances. 
Aias among them went and came, and gave forth his orders ; 
None of the Greeks he suffered to pass to the rear and desert it, 
None to advance beyond their line and fight for distinction: 



382 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVII. 

But in a close compacted mass stand firm and defend it. (359) 
Such were his orders, and well obeyed. But the carnage around them 
Swelled, and the earth ran red with gore, as, heaped up together, 
Trojans and brave allies were piled, with many a Grecian. 
Not without Grecian blood was that battle fought; though on their 

side 
Fewer by far were slain : for with mutual aid and protection 
All stood stoutly together, and each supported his comrade. 
Thus, like a blazing fire, the conflict raged. In the heavens 
Seemed as if hardly the sun were safe, or the moon : for a darkness 
Deep, as of gath'ring cloud or mist, had covered the warriors 
All, who fought round the lifeless corse of the son of Mencetius. 
Ev'ry where else the Trojans and bright-greaved sons of Achaia 
Fought unembarrassed and free in the light of day : and the sun- 
beams (37 1) 
Glowing and bright o'er the plain were poured. Not a cloud on the 

mountains 
Hung in the clear blue sky, or o'ershadowed the field, where the armies 
Fought with less fury, and paused for rest, or retired to a distance 
Shunning each other's spears. But.there, in the centre, was darkness 
Deep'ning the horrors of war. There the cruel sword and the jav'lin 
Reeked with the blood of the brave. Two only, chiefs of distinction, 
Fought ?iot there. Thrasymedes and bold Antilochus knew not 
Yet that the peerless Patroclus had fall'n in fight. They believed him 
Still in the battle's front victorious, routing the Trojans. (380) 

These now saw with amaze their comrades slain, and the Argives 
Turning to flight — for they fought apart ; so Nestor commanded, 
When from the sable ships he sent them forth to the battle; 
All the rest, through the live-long day, o'er the friend of Achilles 
Wrestled, with ceaseless toil. Down poured the sweat from their 

features 
Grimed with dust. Each stalwart limb was strained with exertion. 
Feet, legs, arms, half-blinded eyes in that desperate struggle 
Hardly endured its stress, and reeled, and swam with exhaustion. 
As when some slaughtered bull's tough hide to the curriers is handed, 
Skilled to extend its folds and with oil to supple and dress it, (390) 



Book XVII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 383 

Round in a ring they stand ; they tug, they strain, till the moisture 
Dries, and the skin with the oil rubbed in grows supple and pliant, 
Stretched at all points it yields, and expands, to the force of the 

dressers : 
Thus in small space, by many surrounded, hither and thither 
Dragged, lay Patroclus' corse : the Trojans longing to bear it 
Far away within Ilion's walls, the Greeks to their vessels. 
Round it arose a fierce and savage cry, and a struggle 
Bitter and keen. Not Ares' self — not Pallas Athene 
Aught to reprove had found, were her wrath inflamed to the utmost. 
Such and so dire a work of death, with men, and with horses (400) 
Mingled, had Zeus ordained o'er Patroclus dead. But Achilles 
Nought of the death of his friend had heard as yet ; from the vessels 
Far remote, beneath Ilion's walls the battle was raging : 
Little he ever supposed he would fall ! Alive and victorious 
Looked he to see him return having reached the gates of the city. 
Nor had he thought, for a moment, that Troy would fall to Patroclus. 
Not for his friend ; — no ! not for himself that triumph was destined. 
This from his mother he oft had heard, imparted in private. 
So much of Jove's high will to her son she revealed. The misfortune 
Now befall'n she kindly concealed. This grief she had spared 
him; (4 IG ) 

Hiding, with motherly care, the fate of his dearest companion. 

Still round the corse the battle raged. Sharp spears were protended ; 
Heroes met heroes in ceaseless charge, and slew one another; 
While in such words as these each Greek his comrades encouraged : 
" Keep your ground, dear friends ! 'Twere shame to retreat and be- 
take us 
Back to our hollow ships. Let the dark earth yawn and engulph us 
(Rather than such disgrace) one and all. Such an end would be 

better 
Than to allow these Trojans to gain their point and to drag him 
Into their city walls, and secure the prize and the glory." (419) 
Then might the Trojans too have been heard, exhorting each other: 
" Friends! Though we all should be stretched beside yon corse 
that we fight for, 



384 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVII. 

Stand to your arms I Fight on ! and let no man think of retreating." 
Such were the words of both. Thus each encouraged the other. 
So continued the fight, and the steely clash of their weapons 
Up to the brazen arch of heav'n was borne by the breezes. 

Standing aloof from the fight, with their car, the steeds of Achilles 
Wept, when they heard the fall of the chief whose hand had 

controlled them, 
Prostrate stretched in the dust by the spear of death-dealing Hector. 
Nor, though Automedon brave, the noble son of Diores, 
Plied, as a last resource, the biting lash to excite them, (430) 

(First having tried them with soothing words, then threats and 

reproaches,) 
Unto the Hellespont wide would they shape their course and the 

vessels ; 
Nor with the Grecian array would mix, and join in the battle. 
But, as above some tomb, the fixed memorial column, 
Marks where a hero's remains or a noble dame's are reposing, 
Motionless thus they stood, before that beauteous chariot, 
Drooping low to the ground their heads ; while warm from their eyelids 
Rolled on the earth their tears; for they grieved for the chief who 

had loved them, 
And whom they loved. Their luxuriant manes flowed loose and 

dishevelled, 
Down from their collars on either side, all soiled, and entangled. (440) 
Zeus, looking down from above, their grief beheld, and in pity 
Sadly his head he shook, and thus communed with his spirit : 
"Hapless pair! Ah! why to a mortal prince did we give you? 
Was it for nought but to bear your part, unchanging, immortal, 
In the long ceaseless round of human toil and misfortune ? 
Surely of creatures that breathe, and crawl upon earth in their mis'ry, 
Man, the most wretched of all, drags on the saddest existence ! 
Hector however, in yonder rich-wrought car shall ye never 
Bear, as your master and lord, in his triumph. That I permit not. 
Is't not enough that he wears those spoils and boasts of his vict'ry ? 
Therefore I grant you strength of limb and freshness of spirit, (351) 
So shall ye bear your driver Automedon safe from the battle, 



Book XVII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 385 

Back to the hollow ships : for yet must I give to the Trojans 
Glory, and poufr to slay, till they reach the ships, and in darkness 
Sunk be the sun, and the sacred night shall have covered the slaughter." 
Thus he spake, and the coursers inspired with fleetness and vigour. 
They, from their manes at once shaking off the dust that defiled them, 
Swiftly bore off the car through the midst of the Trojans and Argives. 
While from its seat, Automedon, mourning the fate of his comrade, 
Scattered the Trojan foes like geese that fly from the vulture, (460) 
Easily forced they their way through the tumult and rout of the Trojans, 
Easily then returned to the charge, and dashed in among them. 
Pow'rless to slay, though he chased them far and wide : for unaided, 
Standing alone in that proud car, one warrior sufficed not, 
Both with the jav'lin to fight, and to guide the reins of the coursers. 
Him when Alcimedon, son of Laerces, grandson of ^Eraon, 
One of the friends he loved, beheld thus wildly careering, 
Thus, as the chariot passed, he shouted aloud and addressed him : 
" Which, O Automedon ! which of the gods deprives thee of reason, 
Urging thee on to vain attempts and bootless exertion ? (47°) 

How canst thou fight alone from the car in the front of the battle ? 
Think, for a moment! Thy chief lies slain, and insolent Hector 
Vaunts his conquest, and bears on his shoulders the arms of Achilles." 
Thus then replied in turn Automedon, son of Diores : 
"None of the Greeks, O my friend ! is half so able as thou art 
These fierce steeds of immortal strain to control, or to guide them, 
Saving Patroclus, to whom the gods that gift had imparted, 
Long as he lived. Now vain his skill: for death has o'erta'en him. 
Mount then, thyself, and the scourge and embroidered reins of 

the coursers 
Take from my hands, while I dismount and join in the battle !" (480) 
Thus he spake. Then Alcimedon sprang to the car and expertly 
Handled the reins, and guided the steeds with the skill of a master. 
Down leap'd Automedon. Him perceiving, illustrious Hector, 
Called to JEneas, who near him stood, and thus he addressed him : 
"Leader sage of the bronze-mailed Trojans! glorious ^Eneas ! 
See'st thou not there the steeds of the swift-pursuing Achilles, 
Wildly careering, guided by hands unfit to control them? 



386 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVII. 

These, if thou lend thine aid, and wilt heartily join to support me, 
Easily might we secure : for scarce will they dare to resist us, (489) 
When they behold us advancing at once, and rushing upon them." 
Thus he spake: and the son of Anchises readily joined him; 
Onward they rushed, huge bulls'-hide shields uplifting before them, 
Solid, and stiff, with plates of brass o'erlaid and protected. 
Chromius too came on, and the godlike form of Aretus, 
Joined the attack, expecting to slay them with ease, and the chariot 
Seize, and the steeds, high tossing their floating manes on the breezes: 
Fools that they were ! not destined Automedon's force to encounter, 
And to escape unscathed ! He, profiting to Zeus his petition, 
Felt in the depths of his gloomy soul fresh strength and assurance ; 
And to Alcimedon thus he spake, his trusty companion : (5°°) 

"Hold not the horses, Alcimedon ! far aloof; but behind me, 
Close, let them stand, that their breath on my back may play : 

for approaching, 
Hector the son of Priam I see, who ne'er fro?n his purpose 
Swerves, and will never desist till we both are slain, and the chariot 
Mounting, he guides the long-maned steeds, and scours through 

the battle, 
Putting the Greeks to flight : or himself shall be slain in the contest." 
Thus having said, Menelaiis he called to his aid and th' Aiantes : 
"Brave Menelaiis! noble Aiantes! best of the Argives, 
Leave ye the corse awhile, there are valiant chiefs who will guard it, 
Keeping the ground around it, and driving away their assailants, (510) 
Come to the aid of the living : avert the fate that awaits us. 
Hither come Hector, JEneas, and all the first of the Trojans, 
Bursting upon us, forcing their way, through the thick of the combat. 
Yet be it so ! To the Gods belong the fortunes of battle. 
Guide then my spear, Almighty Zeus ! To thy will I commend it." 
Ending, he hurled with a sweep his long-forth-shadowing jav'lin, 
Which on the smooth round orb of Aretus' buckler alighting, 
All unimpeded forced its way, and the point of the weapon 
Pierced through the shield and the belt, and fixed itself in his entrails ; 
Then, as behind the horns of some mighty bull in the shambles (520) 
Falls the sharp axe, impelled by the brawny arm of the butcher, 



Book XVII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 387 

Cutting the tendons — forward he springs, and sinks in his death-pang: 
So springing forward, Aretus fell. Deep rooted and quiv'ring, 
Plunged in his entrails stood the spear, and cut short his existence. 
Hector then at Automedon aimed, but the glittering weapon 
Marked, as it flew, the chief, and forward bent, and the jav'lin 
Passed o'er his head, and deep in the soil stood rooted behind him. 
Trembling it stood, for the shaft still shook with the might that 

impelled it; 
Quiv'ring from butt to point through its length, till its force was 

exhausted. 
Drawing their swords, now rushed they together in desperate 

conflia; (530) 

When interposing th' Aiantes arrived, who, from far, through the 

tumult, 
Forcing their way, had come to his aid, at the call of their comrade. 
Them, when those three beheld, great Hector, ^Eneas, and Chromius, 
Back they retreated at once in haste, not daring to face them, 
Leaving Aretus pierced through the heart, on the ground undefended. 
Him then Automedon stripped, and despoiled his glittering armour, 
And with a loud exulting shout, thus vaunted his conquest : 
"This for Patroclus slain, shall afford some poor consolation, 
Though but a chief of inferior note hath fall'n to my prowess." 
Thus, having spoken, and placing the blood-stained spoils in the 

chariot, (54°) 

Up he sprang, with his feet all splashed with blood, and his fingers 
Reeking — as quits some lion the mangled remains of a heifer. 

Once more around Patroclus the chiefs in desperate conflict 
Fierce, unrelenting, closed. And Athene now, from Olympus 
Hastening, stirred it to tenfold rage. She, sent by the Thund'rer, 
Now, that his mind was changed, the Greeks encouraged and aided. 
And as when Zeus, in the clouds his purple bow unto mortals 
Holds forth on high, for a sign of approaching war, or a warning 
Sure, of the coming storm, when man must cease from his labours, 
Helpless, and mourn o'er the waste of his ruined crops, and his 

cattle : (550) 

Thus did the Goddess, shrouded in purple mist, with the Grecians 



25- 



388 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVII. 

Mix, and excite their host, and arouse each heart for the combat. 
Atreus' son she first addressed, the brave Menelaiis, 
Close to his side approaching, and thus she awakened his courage, 
Taking the aged form, and resounding accents of Phoenix : 
"Endless shame, and deserved disgrace will be thine, Menelaiis, 
If thou shalt suffer the Trojan dogs, at the wall of their city, 
Noble Achilles' faithful friend and companion to mangle : 
Therefore be bold, renew the fight, and rouse up thy warriors." 
Then Menelaiis, great in the roar of battle, responded : (560) 

" Father Phoenix ; old and revered, what more can I wish for, 
(Would but Athene' grant me strength, and ward off their weapons,) 
Than to stand stoutly in arms, and defend the remains of Patroclus. 
None with a deeper grief beheld him perish. But He 61 or 
Rages with fiery force, and with ceaseless fury his jav'lin 
Wields ; and the mighty hand of Zeus is outstretched to exalt him." 

Pleased to be first invoked of all the blessed immortals, 
Blue-eyed Athene heard and approved his words ; and with vigour 
Filled him, and strength infused into all his limbs, and his shoulders. 
Courage she gave him, like that of the venomous fly, which per- 
sisting, (570) 
Ever renews its sharp attacks though repelled; and rejoicing, 
Pierces the flesh of man, and drains the sweet blood of his victim. 
Such was the angry and vengeful spirit she roused in his bosom, 
As o'er Patroclus standing, his gleaming weapon he brandished, 

Podes, Eetion's son, was among the first of the Trojans, 
Valiant, noble, and rich; belov'd and respected by Hector, 
Far o'er the rest : at the genial board his frequent companion. 
Him, as he turned him to shun the coming foe, Menelaus, 
Pierced through the belt with his lance, and the point passed straight 

through his body. 
Down with a crash he fell : and from out the host of his comrades (580) 
Dragged Menelaus the dead within the lines of the Grecians. 
Forthwith Apollo, Hector approaching, roused him to vengeance: 
Phaenops, Asias' son, he seemed, who in distant Abydos 
Dwelt, and as Hector's favoured guest was honoured and welcomed. 
Such was the shape by Phoebus assumed, when thus he addressed him ; 



Book XVII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 389 

"Which of the Greeks henceforth will dread the prowess of Hector, 
Who but to meet Menelaus fears? A redoubtable warrior 
Never accounted: yet now hath he slain thy trusted companion, 
Podes the brave, Eetion's son, in the front of the battle, 
And by his single might now drags the corse from amongst us." (590) 

Thus as he spake, deep grief o'erclouded the spirit of Hector, 
Sheathed in refulgent bronze, he rushed at once to the vanguard. 
Then around Ida's peaks collected the clouds; and Kronion, 
Rearing aloft his ^Egis fring'd and bright, through the darkness 
Flashed forth his lightning. Loud the thunder roared, and the 

mountain 
Shook : to the Trojans a signal of triumph — woe to the Argives. 
Pe'neleus first, the Boeotian chief, was smitten with panic; 
Ever, till then, had he faced his foes ; but now on the shoulder, 
Wounded, though not to death, he fled. Polydamus' jav'lin 
Singling him out from afar had grazed the bone in its passage. (600) 
Leitus, mighty Alectryon's son, by the jav'lin of Hector 
Struck through the wrist, retired from the fight disabled and trembling 
When he beheld the warriors of Troia closing around him, 
All unable himself to grasp his spear and oppose them. 
Hector rushed on in pursuit : but Idomeneus full on his corslet 
Smote, with his long-protended spear. O'er the pap it alighted, 
There broke short, nor pierced that armour of proof ; but the Trojans 
Shouted aloud. Him Hector in turn attacked, in his chariot, 
Proudly erecl as he stood, and the sharp spear narrowly missed him; 
Cceranus, Merion's charioteer, it struck, his attendant, (610) 

Who from fair Lyctos, his native town, had followed his master. 
(Merion on foot from his shapely ships had gone forth to battle 
And by his fall that day would have swelled the glory of Hector, 
But that with thoughtful care in his chariot Cceranus followed, 
Warding the evil hour, and providing the means of escaping; 
Destined himself to fall by the death-dealing spear of the victor.) 
Him through the jaws he smote, beneath the ear, and the weapon, 
Cleaving his tongue, forced out his teeth, and he dropped from the 

chariot 
Prone in the dust. His fingers relaxed and the reins they abandoned. 



390 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVII. 

Merion stooped and snatched them up from the ground, — to the 
chariot (620) 

Springing in haste, and loudly thus to Idomeneus shouted: 
" Spare not the scourge, but make, with all thy speed, for the vessels, 
Victory now, thyself must see, forsakes the Achaians." 
Thus he spake. Idomeneus heard, and lashed on his horses, 
Off for the ships, in full career; for panic had seized him. 

Now nor the lofty spirit of Aias, nor brave Menelaiis, 
Failed to perceive that Zeus had decreed success to the Trojans. 
Thus then, in words of despair broke forth Telamonian Aias : 
" Gods ! What an hour for Greece / Now a fool may see that the 

Trojans, 
Favoured by Zeus, in this day's fight are destined to triumph. (630) 
Every spear they throw strikes home, no matter who hurls it, 
Coward or valiant chief. Zeus speeds it straight to its object, 
While from our hands each dart falls short, unwounding and harmless. 
Now must we well bethink us, if haply forth from the struggle 
Yet we may draw the dead, and ourselves retiring in safety 
Glad the hearts of our comrades and friends, who with anxious 

foreboding 
Wait the result, looking on; and hardly expect our deliv'rance 
From the destroying hands and the might of death-dealing Hector, 
And at the best but hope at our shelt'ring ships to behold us. 
Would that some chief could be found this news to bear to Peleides. 
Hardly, methinks, the mournful tidings yet can have reached him. (641) 
Scarce can he yet have learned the fate of his friend and companion. 
Darkness however is all around; nor my sight can distinguish 
One to dispatch: o'er horse and man so deep is the shadow. 
Father Zeus ! Lift off this cloud from the sons of Achaia ! 
Give us to see with our eyes — let the sky look down on our efforts ! 
If 'tis thy will we die, in the light of day let us perish." 

Weepi?ig he spake : and the Father beheld his tears with compassion, 
And on the instant cleft the cloud and scattered the darkness. 
Forth broke the sun at once, and displayed the scene of the combat. 
Thus then Aias addressed the warlike Prince, Menelaiis: (651) 
"Cast thine eyes, Menelaus, around; and try to discover 



Book XVII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 391 

Valiant Antilochus, Nestor's son, if he yet be surviving; 
Bid him repair at his utmost speed to Achilles, and tell him 
This sad news — the death of his best-loved friend and companion." 
Thus he spake. Menelaus complied, and set forth on his errand. 
Forth he went, as retreats some lion, who jaded and weary, 
Quits with the dawn of day the fold, where the dogs and the 

herdsmen 
All night long he has kept in alarm, in defence of their cattle, 
SurT'ring him not to approach their charge, though maddened with 

hunger (660) 

Oft he attempts it, but spears and shafts come show'ring upon him, 
Darted by rude and sturdy hands ; and the blaze of the torches, 
Which above all he dreads, and the brands, bewilder and scare him. 
Baffled and surly he yields at length, and retreats to the thicket. 
Thus from Patroclus' corse, reluctant, brave Menelaus 
Sadly withdrew : for much he feared that perchance the Achaians, 
Seized with a panic fear, might leave it a prize to their foemen. 
Merion and both Aiantes he thus exhorted at parting : 
"Merion ! and you, Aiantes ; ye valiant chiefs of the Argives ! 
Think, oh ! think, how gentle and kind, how mild in his bearing, 
Ever, to all, while he lived, was our friend, the hapless Patroclus. (671) 
Living, you loved him. Defend his remains, now death hath 

o'erta'en him." 
Thus having spoken, departed the fair-hair'd chief Menelaus, 
Looking around as he went with the piercing glance which an eagle, 
Keenest sighted of birds that wing th' expanse of the aether, 
Darts from her airy height on the hare that fain would conceal him 
Under the thicket's shade : in vain ; for, pouncing upon him, 
Swift, with a deadly swoop, she bears him aloft in her talons. 
Thus, Menelaus, thy keen bright eyes ranged wide through the armies, 
Scanning with care each friendly band, in hope to discover (680) 

Valiant Antilochus, Nestor's son, surviving the slaughter. 
Him on the left of the field he soon perceived, in the combat, 
Cheering his warriors on to fight: and, closely approaching, 
Thus did the fair-hair'd chief Menelaus deliver his message : 
"Hither! Antilochus, cherished of Zeus! and list to my tidings — 



392 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVII. 

Tidings of woe : — alas ! that e'er I should have to report them. 
Surely thyself, methinks, and all, must perceive and acknowledge 
Some more than mortal pow'r which heaps such woes on the Argives, 
Victory granting to Troy. He is fall'n ! our bravest Achaian. 
Mighty Patroclus is dead! to the grief and despair of the Grecians. (690) 
Run, my friend, to the ships, and the tidings bear to Achilles, 
Who, if he haste, may yet preserve the corse of his comrade, 
Naked and stript as it lies : for his arms are the trophies of Hector." 

Thus he spake. But Antilochus, horror-struck for a long time, 
Stood, when he heard, nor a word could speak, while under his eyelids 
Gathered the blindi?ig tears, and his voice was choked in its utt'rance. 
Yet he neglected not Menelaiis' command, but departed, 
Running with speed, and his arms to Laodocus gave, his attendant, 
Valiant and faithful, who waited near with his chariot and horses. 
Weeping he left the field, and shaped his course to Achilles, (700) 
Dreading to think of his grief at the mournful news he must tell him. 
Then, Menelaiis divine ! thy thoughts returned to Patroclus, 
Nor wouldst thou linger there to aid the Pylian warriors, 
Sore bested, and murm'ring, albeit, at their leader's departure. 
These to command Thrasymedes bold he deputed, and hastened 
Back to his post once more, to protect the remains of the hero. 
Quickly he reached th' Aiantes again, and thus he addressed them : 
" On to the hollow ships yon chief have I sent, as thou bad'st me, 
Bearing sad tidings of war, to the swift-pursuing Achilles: 
Not that I think he will come, though burning with rage against 
Hector, (7 IQ ) 

How can he leave his tent unarmed to fight with the Trojans? 
Now then the time is come, for a last and desperate effort, 
Now from the press must we tear the corse away, and bethink us 
How to escape, ourselves, with life from the rage of the Trojans." 

Thus he spake ; and thus replied Telamonian Aias : 
" Wise are thy words, and true, most noble Prince, Menelaiis ! 
Come then ! Do thou thyself, and Meriones, lift up the body, 
Placing yourselves beneath it, and bear it off: — while behind you, 
We two, alike in name, alike in valour and prowess, 
Used to support each other, in many a desperate conflict, (720) 



Book XVII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 393 

Beat off the foe, and secure your retreat from the Trojans and Hector." 
Thus he spake ; and the chiefs, with united exertion upheaving, 
Raised in their arms the corse, and bore it off : while the Trojans 
Sent forth a yell of despite and rage, when they saw them retiring. 
On they rushed, like dogs which far in advance of the hunters 
Fly in a pack on a wounded boar retreating before them. 
On, in full cry, they come, all eager and longing to tear him, 
Till, on his strength relying, he turns to face his pursuers; 
Back they recoil, and scatter in wild dismay and confusion. 
Thus came the Trojans on, still following them up in a body, (730) 
Hacking with swords, and thrusting with two-edg'd lances behind 

them. 
But when th'Aiantes faced about, and stood to oppose them, 
Pale with fear they became, nor had one the face, or the daring, 
Forward to press, lay ha?ids on the corse, or fight for its capture. 
Thus from the fight, with all the strength and speed they could summon, 
Bore they the dead away to the hollow ships, and behind them 
Raged the war, like a fire which, seizing some populous city, 
Suddenly blazes forth : down sink the houses, and dwindle 
In the devouring glare, and a whirlwind roars through the ruins. 
Thus, as they went, an incessant rattle of horses and chariots (740) 
Followed them up, with the clash of arms, and shouting of warriors ; 
And as when mules, who put forth their strength to the work, with 

exertion, 
Drag some enormous beam down a rugged path in the mountains, 
Some huge mast for a ship ; with the strain and wearisome labour 
Pours down the sweat from their toilworn limbs ; yet slack not their 

efforts : 
Thus with determined spirit they bore the corse : and th' Aiantes 
Flung themselves on the foe. As some wood-clothed mound, which 

projecting, 
Far on the plain, like a dam, diverts the rush of the waters, 
Stemming the headlong course of the mountain streams and the torrents; 
Dashing them off to some distant vale, while to break its resist- 
ance, (750) 
All unavailing, they pour, with ceaseless rage, on the barrier : 



394 1HE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVII. 

Thus did th' Aiantes twain hurl back the assaults of the Trojans. 
Yet came they on, and renewed the charge, two heroes among them 
Leading: ^Eneas, Anchises' son, and magnanimous Hector. 
And, as a cloud of starlings or daws, with shrieking and clamour 
Fly for their lives, when they see the hawk come pouncing upon them, 
(Deadly foe of each smaller bird, who dreads a?id avoids him), 
So fled the sons of Achaia before ^Eneas and Hector. 
Shrieking they fled, in clamorous rout; their prowess forgotten. 
In and around the trench lay thick their spoils, and the armour, (760) 
Costly and rich, of the flying Greeks : yet ceased not the battle. 



THE ILIAD 

BOOK XVIII. 



BOOK THE EIGHTEENTH, 



Argument. 

Achilles receives the news of the death of Patroclus. His grief 
Thetis comes to comfort him and promises to procure for him new armour 
from Hephaestus. Hera sends Iris to Achilles, bidding him shew himself 
unarmed at the trench. A t sight of him the Trojans retire, panic-struck, 
and the body of Patroclus is brought to his tent. Night coming on, the 
Trojans call a council. Polydamas advises their retreat within the walls 
of Troy. Heclor refuses, and they remain encamped. The body of 
Patroclus is prepared for sepulture, and Achilles watches it. Thetis 
repairs to the palace of Hephaestus, who at her prayer prepares for Achilles 
a new suit of armour. Description of it and especially that of the shield. 
Before daybreak it is completed, and Thetis carries it to the tent of 
Achilles, 



ILIAD. BOOK XVIII. 



n^HUS, like the blaze of devouring fire continued the combat, 
•^ While to Achilles Antilochus swiftly sped with his message. 
Watchful he found him, in front of the lofty prows of his vessels, 
Filled with foreboding of ills, alas ! already accomplished. 
Sore disturbed, such thoughts as these he revolved in his bosom: 

" What do I see ? Why hurry the crested Greeks to their vessels, 
Thus in disordered rout ? Why quit they the field in confusion ? 
Has then, at length, that threaten'd, that worst misfortune befall'n me, 
Long foretold by my mother in words of ominous warning, 
When she declared that the bravest of all my Myrmidon warriors (10) 
Here before Troy should fall, and I remain to lament him ? 
Has then the valiant son of great Mencetius perished ? 
Rash that he was ! I bade him return, from the fires of the Trojans 
First having saved the ships, and avoid the encounter of Hector." 

Thus while he stood with his prescient soul communing and anxious, 
Close approaching arrived the son of illustrious Nestor, 
Tears flowing warm from his eyes; and thus the sad news he delivered : 
" Grievous, alas ! are the tidings I bear, great Peleus' offspring ! 
Which thou must hear : and woe is me ! who am here to announce 

them. 
Dead is Patroclus. Around his corse the battle is raging. (20) 
Naked he lies, and crest-waving Hector possesses his armour." 

Thus as he spake, dark sank the shadow of grief on Achilles. 
Grasping with both his hands the scorching dust of the embers, 
Thick on his head he heaped it, defiling his beauteous features. 



398 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVIII. 

Black fell the mournful stain on his rich ambrosial mantle. 
Dashed on the ground, his tow'ring form in the dust lay extended 
Grov'ling, — his hair from the roots he tore and scattered by handfuls. 
Forth from the tent came running the handmaids all, whom Achilles 
Won, and Patroclus, in war ; and shrieking with grief and with horror, 
Gathered around the prostrate prince : some fainted, and others (30) 
Mourning, and drowned in tears, stood beating their beauteous bosoms. 
Down by his side Antilochus knelt, all bitterly weeping, 
Holding his arms, yet groaning with anguish the while, for he dreaded 
Lest, in his grief and despair he should seek some means of destruction : 
Then in loud sobs and moans his grief broke forth. And his mother 
Heard him afar, in the depths of the sea, where she sate with her 

father, 
Ancient of days : and she too moaned — while, assembled around her, 
All the young Nereids, who dwell in the green recesses of ocean, 
Came at her cries. Thaleia the fair, Cymodoce, Glauce, 
Halia with large resple?ident eyes, Nersea and Speio, (40) 

Thoe, Cymothoe too, and Actasa, and Lymnorsea, 
Melita fair, and Isera, Amphithoe bright, and Agave 
There too assembled Doto, Pherusa, Dynamene', Proto, 
Thither Amphinome came, Dexamene, Callianeira, 
Doris, Nemertes, and she who outshone them all, Galatea, 
Panope sleek, and truthful Apseudes, Callianassa, 
Clymene graceful, dark Ianira, fair Ianassa, 
Soft Amathaea with waving locks, Orithuia and Maera. 
Gathered each Nereid about their Queen, in her cave of the ocean, 
Filling the silvery-gleaming grot : each beating her bosom, (50) 
Bearing a part in Thetis' woe, while thus she lamented : 
"Listen, ye sister Nereids all! Give ear to my sorrows, 
So shall ye learn, how sad my state, how deep is my anguish. 
Wretched mother ! ill-fated son ! though the bravest of mortals. 
Why did I bear thee ? Stainless of soul ! unconquered in battle ! 
Noblest of heroes ! As some fair tree shoots up from a sapling, 
Planted in fertile soil, in grace he grew and in vigour. 
Grown up to man's estate, in his ships to Ilion I sent him, 
There with the Trojans to fight. Ah ! never again to revisit 



Book XVIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 399 

Home, or reenter the ancient halls of Peleus his father. (60) 

Still with corroding grief are his days consumed, and in sorrow 
Passes his life away : nor can I do aught to assist him. 
Yet will I go. I shall see my son ; and at least he will tell me, 
Since from the war he retired, what fresh distress hath o'erta'en him." 

Thus giving way to her grief, she left the cave : and the Nereids 
Followed in tears. And they cleft the briny wave ; and the ocean 
Opened ; and soon they beheld the fertile region of Troia. 
Soon they ascended the beach in long array, where Achilles 
Camped, and the ships on the strand were moored of the Myrmidon 

warriors. 
Groaning with anguish Achilles lay, and his mother approaching (70) 
Uttered a piteous cry, as, raising his head she caressed it. 
Then in compassionate words of heartfelt grief she addressed him : 
" Why dost thou weep, my son ? What grief hath fall'n on thy spirit ? 
Tell me. Conceal it not. Now Zeus hath fulfilled thy petition, 
All thy prayer, with uplifted hands preferred, that the Grecians, 
Cooped up before their ships, to their own resources abandoned, 
Driv'n by defeat and disgrace, at length thy worth should acknowledge." 

Deeply sighing, responded the swift-pursuing Achilles : 
" True, my mother ; Olympian Zeus all this hath accomplished. 
Yet what boots it to me, now my friend is torn from my bosom, (80) 
Whom like a second self I loved, and beyond his companions 
Honoured ? Patroclus is dead ! And, decked with his beauteous armour, 
He 61 or, his murderer, yet survives : those arms which to Peleus, 
Wondrous to view — a priceless gift — the Gods at his marriage 
Gave, when immortal charms they consigned to a mortal's embraces. 
Oh ! hadst thou still remained with thy sister nymphs of the ocean, 
Peleus had wedded a mortal bride ! Henceforth in thy bosom 
Countless and ceaseless woes must dwell for the fate of thine offspring, 
Whom thou shalt never receive in his home, returning in triumph. 
Now have I no desire to live, or in aught that concerns them (90) 
Mix with my fellow-men. Upon Hector alone are conce?itered 
All my thoughts — till he pour forth his life, transfixed by my jav'lin, 
Yielding me full revenge for the slaughter and spoil of Patroclus." 

Fast flowed the tears of Thetis again, while thus she responded : 



400 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVIII. 

" Short will indeed be thy life, my son if such be thy purpose. 
Hector dead, thy fall is at hand. Thou must follow him quickly !" 
Moodily then replied the swift-pursuing Achilles : 
" Then let me quickly perish, whose arms while living availed not 
Death from my friend to avert. There lies he, far from his country 
Slain : and when fate approached, he longed for me to protecl 

him. (100) 

Now I dismiss all thought of return to the land of my fathers, 
And since thus I have failed to preserve my friend, and the heroes 
Countless, who owe their fall to the hands of slaughtering Hector — 
Since, upon earth a useless load, I sit by my vessels 
Idle; acknowledged, albeit, by the bronze-mailed Greeks as their 

bravest 
Ever in war (let others excel as they may in the council) — 
Now and henceforth, away with dispute, away with contention 
Both among gods and men, and with wrath which maddens the 

wisest. 
Sweet as the honey-drop to the heart it seems; in the bosom 
Rising like smoke it o'erclouds the mind, bewilders the judgment. 
Such was the wrath I felt at the king of men, Agamemnon. ( T *i) 

Now from my thoughts I dismiss it — a thing of the past — (though 

he vexed me) 
Bending my stubborn soul to the craving need which impels it. 
Him who that dearest head laid low, will I seek, and destroy him. 
And if my turn come next — then welcome death, by th' immortals 
Sent, when the fulness of time and the will of Zeus shall demand me. 
'Tis not in valour to ward off fate. The might of Herakles, 
Dear as he was to sov'reign Zeus, great offspring of Kronos, 
Perished, o'erthrown by Fate, and the vengeful anger of Here. 
So shall I fall. On the field some hostile weapon shall stretch 

me ( I2 °) 

Lifeless. Yet while I live let me live for vengeance and glory. 
Many a full-bosomed Trojan and Dardan dame, in her palace 
Mourning with ceaseless lament the death of her sons or her husband, 
Wiping with agonized hands the tears that roll down her features, 
Soon shall know that Achilles but held him aloof from the battle. 



Book XVIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 401 

Hope not then, with maternal fondness, to keep me from fighting." 
Thus then the Goddess, the snowy-footed Thetis, responded : 
" All thou hast said, my son, is true. Nor indeed can I blame thee 
Shouldst thou go forth to war in defence of thy friends and thy 
comrades. ( I2 9) 

Only, unarmed, thou canst not fight. In the hand of the Trojans 
All thy resplendent arms are detained ; and death-dealing Hector 
Wears them, exulting in pride. Not long, I ween, upon Hector 
Destined by fate to shine : for destruction hovers around him. 
Wherefore restrain thy rage, nor mix in the struggles of Ares 
Till thou shalt here behold me again. To-morrow at sunrise 
Hither expect my return. And a noble suit will I bring thee, 
Glorious and rich, supplied by the sov'reign skill of Hephaestus." 
Thus having spoken, she quitted the tents of her son, and to sea- 
ward 
Turning, her sisters addressed, the old sea-god's cave-dwelling 

daughters : 
" Now when ye plunge once more in the wide-heaving bosom of ocean, 
There, in his echoing grot, our hoary sire to revisit, ( I 4 I ) 

All that has past relate. Meanwhile, unto lofty Olympus 
Speed I my flight : there skilful Hephaestus to seek, and persuade him 
Gorgeous arms to supply, by to-morrow's dawn, for Achilles." 
This when they heard, deep down they plunged, and were lost in 

the billows; 
Silvery-footed Thetis the heights of Olympus ascended, 
Eager to urge her suit, and obtain new arms for her offspring. 
Thither she flew, at her utmost speed. Meanwhile the Achaians 
Hurried along in tumultuous flight before death-dealing Hector 
Struck, from above, with dismay; and the Hellespont reached, and 
the vessels; i^S°) 

Nor had they yet secured their dead, nor the corse of Patroclus 
Out of the reach of the spears and darts conveyed ; for the Trojans 
Followed it up, both horse and man ; by the offspring of Priam, 
Hector the brave, led on, like a flame impelled by the tempest. 
Thrice, from behind, the corse by the feet had he seized as they 
bore it, 



26 



4 o2 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVIII. 

Tugging amain, and with eager shouts encouraged the Trojans ; 
Thrice had th' Aiantes twain collecting their strength to oppose him 
Forced him away : yet still to the charge he returned, to his purpose 
Firm; now pushing his way through the struggling crowd, now de- 
sisting, 
Pausing awhile and shouting for aid, yet never retreating. ( l ^>°) 

And as the shepherd swains in their nightly watch from a carcase 
Strive, but in vain, to chase some tawny and ravenous lion, 
Thus unavailing were all th' Aiantes' force and their efforts 
Crest-waving Hector's assault to repress, and rescue the body. 

Then had he torn it away, immortal glory acquiring, 
But that from high Olympus in haste shot swift-winged Iris, 
Calling on Peleus' son to arm. Unknown to the thund'rer 
And to the other immortal gods had Hera dispatched her. 
Close to his side she stood, and reproachfully thus she addressed him : 
" Rouse thee to action ! Peleus' son ! most dreaded of mortals: (170) 
Rise, and protect Patroclus, around whose corse are contending 
Greeks and Trojans in desperate fight and slaught'ring each other 
There at the ships : those struggling hard to secure and protect it, 
These to bear it away to their wind-swept Ilian city. 
There in full force are the Trojans, and there illustrious Hector, 
Chief of them all, strains ev'ry nerve, — its head from the body 
Meaning to sever, and fix it aloft on a pole for a trophy. 
Up then ! linger no more. Thy soul should revolt at permitting 
Him, thy Patroclus, a sport to become for the dogs of the Trojans ; 
Thine were the shame, should that sacred corse suffer aught of de- 
filement." (180) 

Godlike Achilles, swift in the race, this answer returned her: 
" Iris divine! say, which of the Gods from Olympus hath sent thee?" 
Iris, swift as the wind, these words returned him in answer : 
" Hera, the glorious consort of Zeus, hath sent me to warn thee. 
Nor, where he sits on his lofty throne, doth almighty Kronion 
Know of my coming, or one of the dwellers on snowy Olympus." 

Then in his turn responded the swift-pursuing Achilles : 
" How can I fight unarmed ? In the hands of the foe is mine armour, 
Nor does my mother permit me to arm myself for the battle, 



Book XVI 1 1.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 403 

Till I behold her returning, herself, from lofty Olympus, ( r 9°) 

Whence she hath promised to bring me a splendid suit from 

Hephaestus. 
Nor do I know the man indeed whose armour would fit me, 
Save the enormous shield of the great Telamonian Aias. 
That he is bearing himself, I ween, in front of the battle, 
Slaughtering the foe with his mighty spear round the corse of Patro- 
clus." 

Iris, swift as the winds, these words returned him in answer : 
" Well we know that the foe possess thy glittering armour : 
Shew thyself at the trench albeit, unarmed, to the Trojans 
There as thou stand'st. At thy sight they will shrink with fear, and 
retreating (i 99 ) 

Give some respite from war, some breathing time, to the Grecians, 
Wearied with fighting. However brief, ' twill suffice them to i-ally." 

Thus having said, departed the wind-swift messenger Iris. 
Up then Achilles arose, belov'd. of Zeus, and Athene 
Flung round his mighty shoulders the fringed orb Of her ^Egis. 
Over him poured the Goddess a golden cloud, like a glory 
Circling his head, which a dazzling light shot round him 071 all sides. 
As in some close-beleaguered town by foemen invested 
Far in some sea-girt isle, a rising smoke from the ramparts 
Curls, when the day has closed on a fierce and desperate sally, 
Down sinks the sun, and the shades descend ; then blaze forth the 
beacons, ( 2I °) 

One succeeding another, from all the toufrs; and their splendour 
Flashes aloft to the sky, which watchful friends on the main-land 
Haply perceiving, their ships may launch, and haste to the rescue : 
Thus to the skies that glory streamed from the head of Achilles. 
Passing beyond the wall, to the trench he advanced, from the Grecians 
Holding aloof, and revering the sage advice of his mother. 
Taking his stand, he sent forth a shout ; and Pallas Athene 
Added her voice. Unspeakable terror seized on the Trojans. 
Clear as the trumpet's note, which beneath the walls of a fortress 
Rings out defiance and death from besieging foes to its inmates. (220) 
Thus resounded the cry sent forth by ^Eacus' offspring, 



26 — 2 



404 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XVIII. 



Ringing with brazen clang. Each Trojan warrior who heard it 
Quailed in his inmost soul: and their very horses in terror 
Sprang short round with their cars, instinct with foresight of mischief. 
Panic o'erwhelmed their charioteers, who beheld, with amazement 
Mingled with awe, the glory that flamed from the head of Peleides, 
Blazing with restless beams, enkindled by blue-eyed Athene. 
Thrice from the brink of the trench loud shouted godlike Achilles : 
Thrice did the Trojans and brave allies start back in confusion. 
Dashed from their chariots were twelve of the best and bravest among 
them: (230) 

Crushed by the cars, or hurled on each other's lances, they perished. 

Joyfully bore the Greeks Patroclus now from the weapons. 
Stretched on a bier he lay, and around him his faithful companions, 
Grieving, were ranged. Achilles himself the mournful procession 
Followed in tears. He wept for his trusted friend and his comrade, 
There on his bier extended, with lances pierced and with arrows; 
Him, whom so late exulting he sent with his steeds and his chariot 
Forth to the war, ah ! never again in life to behold him. 

Now the unwearied sun, at the sov'reign mandate of Here, 
Sank, unwilling, to rest in the broad expanse of the ocean. (240) 
Down it plunged; and the Greeks, though brave, worn out with their 

labours, 
Rested from war's alarm, and the horrors of mutual slaughter. 
While on their part, from the battle-field the Trojans retreating, 
Freed from the chariot yoke their wearied steeds, and in council 
Gathered, in anxious debate, postponing all thought of refreshment. 
Standing the council was held. Not a man dared sit, for a terror 
Hung on the spirits of all ; and the dreadful form of Achilles, 
Absent so long from the war, reappearing now, had unmanned them. 
First to speak was Polydamas, Panthous' son; in his wisdom 
Looking before and after, alone he stood of the Trojans : (250) 
In the same night with Hector born, from youth his companion ; 
This for council and eloquence famed, and that for his prowess. 
Wisely and calmly speaking his mind, he addressed the assembly : 
" Now is your time to decide, my friends ! the advice which I offer 
Is to return to the city, and not to wait till the morning 



Book XVI I L] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 405 

Here in the plain, remote as we are from our walls and defences. 
Long as between this terrible man and king Agamemnon 
Wrath and contention prevailed, the Greeks were less to be dreaded. 
I myself could encamp with joy quite close to their vessels, ( 2 59) 

Such was my eager hope that ere long we should capture and burn 

them. 
Now am I filled with dread at the swift and vengeful Achilles. 
Such is his fierce and daring soul, not long will he loiter 
Here in the plain, where Trojans and Greeks have long been 

accustomed 
In fair field, with alternate success, to meet and to battle. 
Now must we fight for our own town itself, our wives and our infants. 
Be persuaded. Retire to the city. There is our safety — 
Now, while ambrosial night the swift-pursuing Achilles 
Still at his ships detains. If here he should find us to-morrow 
When fresh armed he shall take the field, full many a Trojan 
What Peleides can do shall learn. Too happy the mortal (270) 

Then who to Ilion's walls shall escape, nor gorge with his carcase 
Vultures and dogs. May tidings like these from my ears be averted I 
Now, — if ye take my advice and retreat ('tis grievous I grant it,) 
Let us to-night in the public squares assemble our warriors: 
Strong are our buttressed tow'rs, and high the gates which protect us, 
Strongly barred with enormous beams, well fitted and fastened. 
Early at dawn let us man the walls, full armed and appointed. 
Then, should he venture up from the ships, right hard will he find it, 
Range as he may beneath our walls, to assault or to hurt us. (279) 
Round them in circuit wide let his proud steeds sweep, with his chariot. 
Back to his ships, fatigued with their useless course, shall they bear him : 
Nor will he dare, methinks, to attempt an assault on the city. 
Troy falls not to Achilles ! The dogs shall sooner devour him." 
Bending upon him a look severe thus Hector responded : 
" Most displeasing, Prince ! is such counsel to me, and unwelcome. 
Wouldst thou advise us again to mew ourselves up in the city ? 
Hast thou not long enough remained cooped in by our ramparts? 
Famed was the city of Priam in former times for its riches; 
All men spake of its brass, its gold, its boundless resources. 



406 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVIII. 

Now from its gorgeous domes have their wealth and treasure 

departed, ( 2 9°) 

Scattered abroad and sold, in Maeonia fair, and in Phrygia, 
Since that day when the wrath of Zeus was kindled against us. 
Now, when at length th' all pow'rful son of mysterious Kronos 
Grants me to triumph, to hem in the Greeks on the shore, at their 

vessels, 
Foolish man ! wouldst thou utter such words as these to the people ? 
Think not a Trojan will heed them, or I stand by and permit it ! 
Now then list to my words. Let all give heed and obey them. 
Serve out their evening meal to the soldiers, squadron by squadron. 
Look to the watch. Let all be alert and ready for action. 
If there be one of the Trojans who hugs his wealth and would 

save it, (30°) 

Now let him bring it forth and divide it all with the people j 
Better the meanest Trojan should take his share than an Argive. 
At the first break of to-morrow's dawn, full armed and appointed, 
All be prepared for a fresh and fierce attack on their vessels ; 
And should Achilles indeed arise once more to defend them, 
So much the worse for him, he will find me ready to meet him ; 
Nor will I shrink from his stern assault. In the contest for glory 
He who may conquer wins, but the hero who falls has conferred it. 
Ares is just, and the slayer himself is slain, if he will it." 

Thus spake Hector, and answ'ring with shouts the Trojans 

applauded; (3 10 ) 

Blind as they were, by Pallas Athena deprived of their reason. 
All of them chose, with Hector, the path that led to destruction : 
None with Polydamas sided, whose plans would have placed them in 

safety. 
So to their evening meal they went. Meanwhile the Achaians 
Mourning stood round Patroclus' bier all night, and lamented, 
Echoing the ceaseless moans and outcries wild of Peleides. 
Bent o'er the dead, his slaughtering hands he placed on his bosom, 
Sending forth frequent groans : as a bearded and terrible lion 
Robbed of his whelps, while roaming for prey, by some wandering 

hunter, 



Book XVIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 407 

Back to his den from the wild returning, misses his offspring : (320) 
Then through the woods and vales he tracks the steps of the robber, 
Roaring with rage : and woe to the hapless wretch if he find him. 
Thus to the Myrmidons standing round he poured forth his sorrows : 
M Vain, alas ! how vain was my pledge to the hero Mencetius, 
Giv'n to console his grief, when I vowed in the halls of our palace 
Safe to restore his son to his native city — to Opus — 
Rich with the spoil of captured Troy, triumphant and honoured. 
Such are the dreams of men, and thus fulfilled by Kronion. 
Here by a common fate upon Troia's soil are we destined (3 2 9) 

Both to pour forth our blood. For ne'er shall Peleus my father 
Welcome me back to Phthids shores, nor Thetis behold me 
In the loved series of my youth : for here one grave shall receive us. 
But since awhile, Patroclus ! on earth I must linger behind thee, 
Only so long unpaid be thy fun'ral rites, till I bring thee, 
Soothing thy shade, the spoils and the head of thy murderer Hector. 
Twelve of the noblest Trojan youth, to vengeance devoted, 
Slain by my hand, round thy fun'ral pyre shall bleed, as thy victims. 
Here shalt thou rest meanwhile by the high-beak'd ships, and around 

thee 
High-bosomed Trojan and Dardan dames shall stand and bemoan thee, 
Pouring forth daily and nightly tears and loudly lamenting : (340) 
Captives won by our conqu'ring spears in the days when together, 
Fighting, we plundered and burned full many a populous city." 
Thus lamented Achilles, and called his attendants about him, 
Bidding them place on the fire a tripod vase, and with water 
Lave from the dust and gore the sad remains of Patroclus. 
Soon o'er the fire a cauldron vast they set, and beneath it 
Heaped up a pile of blazing wood, and filled it with water. 
Played round the sides of the vase the flames, and simmered the 

water. 
Then, while the bubbles hissed round the gleaming rim of the vessel, 
Carefully washed they the corse, and with costliest unguents anointed, 
Salving its wounds with balms nine circling seasons had mellowed. 
Then on a lofty couch they laid the corse, and in linen 
Wrapped it from head to foot, and a white sheet o'er it extended. 



4 o8 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVIII. 

Standing around, through the rest of the night the Myrmidon warriors 
Answered, with groan for groan and with sigh for sigh, to Achilles. 
Zeus then these words to Hera addressed, his sister and consort : 
" Queen of the large resplendent eyes ! thy wish is accomplished, 
Swift Achilles is roused. One would think, so dearly thou, lov'st them, 
Thine by direct descent were the long-haired sons of Achaia." 

Rolling her large majestic eyes thus Hera responded : (360) 

" Dread and severe Kronion ! what words are these thou hast 

uttered ? 
Surely a mortal man might have done so much for a mortal. 
Needs not thepow'r nor wisdom of Gods such feats to accomplish. 
And shall not I, the Queen of heav'n, the first in Olympus 
After thyself, by birth, and to thee united in wedlock — 
Consort of Zeus ! who rules o'er all, both men and immortals — 
Wreak my wrath on a nation I loathe and abhor like the Trojans ?" 

Such their discourse on high. Meanwhile from the ocea?i ascending 
Silvery-footed Thetis at length to the halls of Hephaestus 
Came; to that bright and starry dome, incorruptible, brazen (370) 
Marvel of heav'n, which the limping God for himself had constructed. 
Bathed in sweat she found him, and labouring hard at the bellows. 
Twenty tripods of wondrous frame the God was preparing, 
Ranged round the walls of his palace hall to stand; and revolving 
Under the base of each were golden wheels, which should bear them 
Self-transported, instincl with life, to the heavenly conclave ; 
Self-transported convey them back, and arrange the?n in order. 
All, so far, were complete. There wanted only the handles : 
These he was now about to fix, and was forging the rivets. (379) 

Thus, as with thoughtful mind and with skilful hand he was toiling, 
Thetis the snowy-footed approached the scene of his labours. 
Her beholding, Charis the fair, the wife of Hephaestus, 
Veiled with a tissue of purest white advanced to receive her; 
Cordially pressed her hand; and endearingly named and addressed her: 
" Thetis, belov'd and revered ! what brings thee here to our palace, 
Richly attired ? Not often of old wert thou wont to frequent it. 
Enter I pray thee, at once, and receive our heartiest welcome." 
Thus spake the Goddess, as leading her guest, she entered the palace. 



Book XVI II.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 409 

Seating her then on a gorgeous throne, all shining with silver 
Wrought into rich devices, her feet she raised on a footstool. (390) 
Then from his work Hephaestus called, and thus she addressed him : 
" Hasten, Hephaestus. Thetis is here, and needs thy assistance." 
Then in his turn replied the limping lord of the furnace : 
" Honour' d indeed are these halls by a presence so. dear and so 

gracious. 
Thetis it was who preserved me from horrible ills, when my mother 
Tossed me away with savage and pitiless scorn ; — the deformed one 
Whom she would fain have hidden. Oh ! then what woes had I 

suffered, 
Had not Eurynome, daughter of refluent ocean, and Thetis 
Caught me falling, and wanned in their gentle bosoms, and nursed met 
There nine years m their hollow caves I lived ; and to please 

them (400) 

Wrought for them many a quaint device — clasps, bracelets and buckles, 
Pendants and chains : while around and above the wide-foaming ocean 
Murmured in ceaseless flow. There alike from Gods and from mortals 
Hidden I grew, nor did one know aught of my place of concealment 
Saving these two, Eurynome kind and Thetis, who reared me. 
Fair-haired Thetis is now beneath my roof. Let me shew her 
All the respecT and love I owe to my nurse and my saviour; 
Place before her the best our palace affords; while I hasten, 
Bellows and tools laid all aside, to prepare me to meet her." 

Thus he spake, and his mighty bulk upreared from the anvil (410) 
Halting. His feeble and awkward legs bestirred themselves briskly. 
First, from the fire the bellows he moved ; and, collected together, 
Safely stowed in a silver chest the tools he was using. 
Then with a sponge he cleansed his face, his hands, and his brawny 
Neck, and his shaggy breast, fro7?i the smoke and grime of the furnace ; 
Flung o'er his shoulders a robe; his sceptre grasped; and proceeded 
Limping forth from the door of his forge. Two golden attendants, 
Formed in the likeness of living maids, supported the Monarch. 
(Each has within it a living soul ; with speech are they gifted ; 
Strength is theirs, and with arts and skill the Gods have endowed 

them.) (420) 



410 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVIII. 

These, as he limped along, sustained the steps of Hephaestus, 
Till by the side of Thetis a gorgeous throne he ascended, 
Cordially pressed her hand, endearingly named and addressed her : 
" Thetis, belov'd and revered ! What brings thee now to our palace 
Richly attired? Not often of old wert thou wont to frequent it. 
Speak, thy wishes declare ; thou shalt find me ready and willing ; 
If it be aught that a God may do, and if I can perform it." 
Dropping a tear as she spake, thus Thetis mournfully answered : 
"Is there a Goddess, Hephaestus, inhabiting lofty Olympus, 
Forced, like myself, by Zeus to drain the cup of affliction ? (430) 

Is there, among them all, one, half so wretched as Thetis ? 
Me, among all the nymphs of the deep to a man he subjected — 
Wedded to Peleus — forced to endure the embrace of a mortal — 
Sorely against my will. And there he lies in his palace 
Feeble and broken with age. Nor is this the sum of my sorrows. 
Fruit of our marriage a son I bore, and tefiderly nursed him, 
Noblest of heroes ! As some fair tree shoots up from a sapling 
Planted in fertile soil, in grace he grew, and in vigour. 
Grown up to man's estate, in his ships to Ilion I sent him 
There with the Trojans to fight. Ah ! never again to revisit (440) 
Home, or re-enter the ancient halls of Peleus his father. 
Still with corroding grief are his days consumed; and in sorrow 
Passes his life away; nor can I do aught to relieve him. 
He from the Greeks received a beauteous maid as his portion, 
Whom from his arms Agamemnon imjustly tore, a?id detains her. 
Grief and despair for her loss consumed his soul ; while the Trojans 
Drove back the Greeks to their ships, and hemmed them in, nor per- 
mitted 
Forth from their gates to advance. Then came the chiefs of their 

council 
Begging his aid, and proffring unbounded wealth, to appease him. 
All he refused : nor, himself, did aught to avert their destruction. (450) 
Yet he permitted his friend Patroclus to fight ; and his armour 
Lent him, and forth to the battle he went, with many a warrior. 
All day long at the Scaean gate they fought, and the city 
Surely that very day had they captured, but that Apollo 



Book XVIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 411 

Came, and struck down in his full career of conquest and triumph 
Valiant Mencetius' son, and transferred the glory to Hector. 
Therefore a suppliant to thee I come and entreat thine assistance 
Arms to supply for my short-lived son : a shield and a helmet, 
Beauteous greaves, well fitted with buckles and clasps, and a corslet. 
Those which he had he lost, when his faithful friend and 

companion (460) 

Fell; for whose death he mourns, on the ground extended and 

weeping." 
Then to her words replied the limping Lord of the furnace : 
" Be of good cheer. Distress not thy mind with cares for his armour. 
Would that with equal ease I could snatch thy son from destruction 
When at the fated hour, his death, foretold, is approaching, 
As I shall make him a glorious suit, the wonder of all men, 
Such as was ne'er beheld by mortal eyes for its beauty." 
Thus he spake, and he left her there, and returned to his bellows ; 
Turned on the fire their nozzles and bid them blow. At his orders 
Twenty bellows their streams of wind sent forth on the furnace (470) 
Raising a varied blast, now strong, now soft, as Hephaestus 
Now urging on his work required their aid, now desisted, 
Letting it cool awhile, that all might be duly completed. 
Into the furnace he cast the stubborn bronze, and he melted 
Tin, and the precious gold, and the gleaming silver : the anvil 
Raising, next on its block he placed ; and the ponderous hammer 
Grasped with his strong right hand. With his left he handled the 

forceps. 
First did he frame a vast and solid shield, with devices 
Richly enchased, and around its margin a glittering border 
Threefold and polished he led; with a silver sling to sustain it. (480) 
Five were the plates which its substance formed : the outer with 

sculpture 
Covered, with rich inventive skill wrought out by the artist. 
There he depictured the earth, and the canopied sky, and the ocean, 
There the unwearied sun, and the full-orb'd moon in their courses. 
All the configured stars, which gem the circuit of heaven, 
Pleiads, and Hyads were there, and the giant force of Orion. 



412 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVIII. 

There the revolving Bear (which the Wain they call) was ensculptured 
Circling on high, and in all its course regarding Orion, 
Sole of the starry train which refuses to bathe in the ocean. 

These in the midst. In the circuit round two cities were 
sculptured, (49°) 

Fair to behold. In one were marriage processions and feasting. 
There were the brides, by the torches' blaze led forth from their cham- 
bers 
All through the streets; while in chorus the bridal hymns 'were 

resounding : 
Youths in the festal dance whirled deftly round, and among them 
Harpers and pipers played to mark the tiine, while the matrons, 
Each at her door, as the train passed by, stood gazing in wonder. 
There too the forum was shewn, with people thronged, to a trial 
List'ning; where for a ransom two angry men were disputing, 
Due for a townsman slain. The one insists he has paid it, 
While his opponent maintains he has nought received. To the 
people (5°°) 

Each has appealed, and a judge they seek to settle their quarrel. 
Some of the crowd for one, and some declare for the other. 
Heralds meanwhile the tumult appease. The elders are seated 
Solemn, in sacred array on marble chairs in a circle. 
One, in his turn, has received the herald's staff, and uprising 
Duly explains his view of the case, and delivers his judgment : 
While in the midst, two talents of gold lie heaped, for the suitor 
Destined, whose pleaded cause shall best be approved by the judges. 
Round the next sculptured town two hostile bands were assembled, 
Shining in arms. A two-fold mind divides the besiegers; (5 10 ) 
These would destroy the city, and those but plunder and spoil it, 
All the treasure and wealth it contains dividing among them. 
Unsubdued, the besieged for a secret ambush were arming. 
Watchful, along the walls their wives and innocent children 
Stood looking forth with anxious gaze; the old and the feeble. 
Forth march'd the youth, by Ares led and Pallas Athene 
(These were of gold, and golden-clad, in beauteous armour; 
Tall in stature and lofty in mien, as beseeming their Godhead, 



BookXVIIL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 413 

Radiant they stalked and gigantic. The men were dwarfed in pro- 
portion). 
Now to a spot are they come for their ambush meet, by a 
river, (520) 

Just where a watering-place for all sorts of cattle expanded. 
There in resplendent arms they crouch them down in concealment. 
Far in advance two spies are set, looking out for the shepherds 
Notice to give, should horned steers or sheep be approaching. 
(These might be seen, coming on : two shepherds, driving their cattle : 
Piping they came, suspecting nought, and thoughtless of mischief.) 
Soon as beheld, the ambushed foe, upstarting, attack them, 
Slaught'ring at once the herds of kine, dispersing and killing 
All the fair flocks of snowy sheep, and slaying the shepherds. 
Soon as the cries of the slayers and slain, and the roar of the 
oxen (530) 

Reach to the hostile camp where the chiefs are sitting in council, 
Straightway their cars they mount and fly to the scene of the uproar. 
Soon as arrived at the river's bank they rush into battle. 
Fighting is seen, and the spears and darts fly thickly between them. 
Tumult and direful Strife were there. Fate mixed in the combat, 
Sheltering these, and wounding those. One slain in the struggle 
Seized by the feet she drags along through the midst of the carnage. 
Red with the blood of men is the robe she wears round her shoulders. 
All to the life were shewn. They fight — they slay — and they struggle 
Or o'er the dead they bend, and drag them off, to despoil them. 

Next was presented a fallow field, soft, rich, and extensive, (541) 
Now for the third time ploughed ; and across it many a ploughman 
Backward and forward was driving his team and leading his furrow. 
Soon as the boundary line each reached, and was turning his plough- 
share, 
One stood ready to hand him a flowing cup, to refresh him, 
Brimming with honied wine. Then back they turned in their order, 
Each retracing his line to the utmost verge of the fallow. 
Black seemed the land behind, where the ploughs had passed, as with 

tillage ; 
Golden albeit. Such was the wondrous skill of the artist. 



4H THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XVIII. 

Next was there shewn a field of corn deep-waving, where reapers, 
Each with his sharpened sickle in hand, were securing the harvest. (551) 
Handful by handful it sank to their sturdy strokes, and in order 
Lay the cut bundles. These into sheaves the binders were tying. 
Three were the binders of sheaves, with attendant boys, who the reapers 
Followed; gath'ring the handfuls of corn in their arms, to supply them 
Fast as they tied up the sheaves. Apart stood the master in silence, 
Leaning upon his staff, and with joy surveying the produce. 
Under an oak, where an ox was slain, the heralds attendant 
Harvest rites performed, and a feast prepared : while the women 
Sprinkled the meat with plenty of barley-flour for the reapers. (560) 

Changed was the scene, A vineyard was shewn, with grapes for the 
vintage 
Heavily laden. The vines were gold, and black were the clusters 
Thick intertwining on silver poles the plants were supported. 
Round it a trench of azure steel was drawn, and to fence it 
Rose up a bank in tin. One only pathway across it 
Passed, and allowed access, in the vintage time, to the bearers. 
Youths and maidens, joyous of heart, unconscious of evil, 
Bore to the press the luscious fruit in baskets of wicker, 
While in their midst a lad went harping along, and reciting 
Songs handed down from Linus of old, to his music adapted, (57°) 

Trilling with slender and boyish voice ; while the rest in the chorus 
Joined, keeping time with their feet, as they danced and skipped 
to the measure. 

Next was presented a herd of oxen, driv'n to their pasture, 
Carrying erect their horns. Of gold and of tin were they moulded 
Various. Forth from the stalls loud lowing they rushed, where a river 
Murmuring rolled, and the bord'ring reeds waved high in the breezes. 
Four were the herdsmen of gold who marched beside them, and careful, 
Tended the drove: and nine swift dogs followed close on their footsteps. 
Lo ! where in front of the herd two fierce and terrible lions 
Seize on the bellowing bull, and, despite his struggles and roaring, (580) 
Drag him away; while dogs and herdsmen run to the rescue. 
Tearing the skin of the mighty beast they stand, and his entrails 
Gorge, and the dark and streaming blood they lap, while the herdsmen 



Book XVIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 415 

Close up in vain, and in vain cheer on their dogs to attack them. 
These, though they snarl a n d shew their teeth, refuse to approach them; 
Standing aloof, though near, they bark, yet shun the encounter. 

Xext. by the skill of Hephaestus a gentler scene was depictured: 
Snow-white flocks in a verdant mead, among sheltering woodlands ; 
Folds; and the shepherds' tents; and the peaceful roof of the cottage. 

Fell owing this was enchased a dance, like that which at Gnossus (590) 
Daedalus first with ingenious skill devised {when in Creta 
-Refuge he sought), to delight the fair-haifd queen Ariadne. 
Blooming youths and attractive maidens danced in a circle. 
Joining hands, and grasping each other s wrists, as they bounded. 
Soft white linen expressed, while it veiled, the forms of the damsels; 
Glancing, and glazed, as with oil, shone bright the attire of their 

partners. 
Each fair head with a flowery wreath was crown'd ; and a falchion, 
Golden, in baldric of silver each youth from his shoulder suspended. 
Xow in a ring they fly with practised feet, as a potter (599) 

"Whirls with his hand, where he sits, the forming wheel, and examines 
Xicely its balanced course as it spins and sleeps on its centre: 
Now from opposing ranks they cross, interlacing each other. 
Gazing delighted the crowd stand round. Beside them a harper, 
Sings to his lyre a sacred lay, thus marking the measure; 
While at the sound of his harp in the midst two tumblers advancing 
Spin round each other, and gambol and vault in time to his music. 

Such was the perfect orb; and the might}- stream of the ocean 
Rolled round its border in wavy gold, completing its circuit. 

Now when that vast and solid shield Hephaestus had finished, 
Brighter than flame itself, a breastplate next he constructed. (610) 
Then, too, a casque he formed, to the hero's temples adjusted, 
Nodding with waving plumes, and a cone of gold to support them, 
Greaves, moreover, of ductile and burnished tin he provided. 

Thus were the glorious arms at length complete, and Hephaestus, 
Bringing them forth, his work displayed to the wondering Goddess : 
She, at his hands receiving the gift, from snowy Olympus 
Shot, like a hawk, and bore them away to the tent of Achilles. 



THE ILIAD. 



BOOK XIX. 



2* 



BOOK THE NINETEENTH. 



Argument. 

Thetis presents to Achilles his new armour. She promises to 
preserve the body of Patroclus from corruption, and bids him assemble 
the army, and be publicly reconciled with Agamemnon. Agamemnon 
restores Briseis, and adds rich presents. Achilles desires to join battle 
immediately, but Odysseus dissuades him. Briseis laments over the body 
of Patroclus. Achilles refuses food, but is strengthened by Pallas. He 
arms for the fight, mounts his car, and reproaches his horses for having 
suffered the death of Patroclus. One of them replies, and predicls his own 
fate, notwithstanding which, he sets forth leading his troops to battle. 



ILIAD. BOOK XIX. 



Dawn, in her saffron robe arrayed, from the waves of the Ocean 
Rose, and the light had restored alike to Gods and to mortals, 
When at the ships the Goddess arrived with the gifts of Hephaestus. 
Stretched o'er Patroclus' corse her son she found, in his anguish 
Sending forth piercing cries, while around him wept his companions. 
Full in the midst of them all the Goddess appeared, and approaching, 
Pressed the hand of her son, and endearingly naming, bespoke him : 
" Grieved as thou art, my son, let the dead repose ; and remember 
' Twas but the will of heav'n and the hand of a God that subdued him. 
Up ! now. Receive at my hands these splendid gifts of 

Hephaestus — (10) 

Arms such as ne'er were seen the grace to form of a mortal." 
Thus having said, she arranged the arms in the sight of Achilles ; 
Loudly they clanged as she placed on the ground their beauteous 

fabric. 
Seized with fear were the Myrmidons all. Not one to behold them 
Ventured. Aloof they trembling stood. Up rose then Achilles, 
While at their sight rekindled the fire in his soul, and his eyeballs 
Glowed from beneath his gloomy brows with a terrible splendour. 
Handling them all, with delight he received the gifts of the Godhead. 
Poising each wond'rous piece, with surprise and joy he surveyed it. 
Gratefully then his mother addressed, and thus he bespake her : (20) 



27 — 2 



42o THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIX. 



" Mother ! the works of a God indeed hast thou brought. In their 

structure 
Skill divine is displayed. No mortal hand could have wrought them. 
Now shall I shine once more in arms. Yet, alas ! if abandoned 
Here, untended, the corse of the valiant son of Mencetius, 
Flies will assail ; in those gaping wounds whence issued his spirit 
Gendering worms obscejie ; those sacred relics defiling — 
(Now that their life is fled) — and his flesh will sink in corruption." 

Thus he spake ; and the silver-footed Goddess responded : 
" Let not these pious fears for thy friend hang heavy upon thee ; 
Be it my care his remains to tend, and chase from his body (30) 

All the fierce host of flies, which infest the slain, and devour them. 
Here, for a year entire exposed should he lie, thou shalt find him 
Still uncorrupt, his remains still fresh : nay, purer than mortal. 
Therefore depart ! and summon the Argive chiefs to a meeting ; 
There renounce thy wrath at the shepherd and guide of his people, 
Great Agamemnon ; then arm for fight, and appear in thy glory." 
Thus having spoken, his bosom she filled with daring and vigour. 
Then in Patroclus' nostrils ambrosia instilled, and the ruby 
Nectar, the corse to preserve, and secure its flesh from corruption. 

Now by the ocean strand set forth the godlike Achilles, (40) 

Shouting aloud, and summoning all the chiefs of the Argives. 
Forthwith assembled the Greeks in haste. Ev'n those whom their duty 
Held in the ships ; the steersmen too, from the sterns of their vessels, 
Shipwrights, purveyors, dispensers of daily food to the army, 
All came forth ; all rushed to the meeting, now that Achilles 
Once more appeared, so long estranged from the perilous conflict. 
Limping slowly along, those two brave servants of Ares, 
Mighty Tydeides, the soul of war, and godlike Odysseus 
Came, on their spears sustained, their wounds still rankling and painful. 
Forward advancing, their seats they took, in the front of the 
council. (50) 

Last came Atreus' son, the wide-ruling king Agamemnon, 
Sore distrest with the wound which Coon the son of Antenor 
Fighting beneath the walls, with his brazen spear had inflicted. 

Now, when the chiefs had met, and all the Greeks were assembled, 



Book XIX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 421 

Godlike Achilles, swift in pursuit, uprose and addressed them : 

" Atreus' son ! far better it were for the one and the other, 

Happier by far for us both if, ere that day when contention 

Rose up between us, and angry thoughts on account of Brisei's, 

Artemis' shafts had laid her low, in the ship which conveyed her 

Home, a prize to my conqu'ring arms, from the sack of Larissa. (60) 

Then had been spared the lives of those hosts of Greeks who have 

perished, 
Biting the ground beneath hostile spears, while I cherished my anger. 
Heel or and Troy alone by our strife have gained ; but the Argives 
Long, methinks, of our -wrath will retain a bitter remembrance. 
Now let us fling it aside as a thing of the past, though it vexed us. 
Bending our souls to the present need and taming our anger. 
I for my part dismiss my wrath. It becomes not a mortal 
Hate undying to cherish. Then lose no time, but to action 
Summon at once thy crested Greeks, and array them for battle. 
Give me to try once more in the field the strength of the Trojans. (70) 
Harldly another night will they camp in front of our vessels. 
Happy the man who shall fastest run, and escaping my vengeance 
Stretch him to rest this night beyond the reach of my weapon." 
Thus he spake. Loud clamoured with joy the Greeks when 
Peleides 
Once more they heard, adopting their cause, renouncing his anger. 
Then, the assembly addressing, the ruler of men, Agamemnon, 
Spake from his throne where he sate ; nor quitting his place nor ad- 
vancing : 
" Friends and heroes of Greece, ye valiant servants of Ares ! 
Whoso may rise to speak, should be quietly heard and in silence ; 
For, be ye never so wise, to interrupt is unseemly. (80) 

Who can be heard, or who can hear in so wild a confusion? 
Such as the loudest would drown, or confound the most eloquent 

speaker. 
Let me be heard, when to Peleus' son I would speak, and, ye Argives ! 
Lend an attentive ear, and mark each word that I utter. 
Much have ye blamed me for what has passed, ye sons of Achaia ! 
This have I not to learn. Yet not to your king was it owing 



422 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIX. 



Zeus was to blame and Fate, and that fiend of darkness, Erynnys, 
Who on that ill-starred day when I forced his prize from Achilles 
Filled my soul with despite and rage in the public assembly. 
What could I do ? The Gods as they will dispose of our actions, (90) 
Ate it was, dread daughter of Zeus, misleader of all men, 
Mischief-making. Her noiseless feet, as she steals on her viclims, 
Mark not the ground. O'er the heads of men she marches, and evil 
Sows in each heart as she goes. Nor me alone did she visit. 
Zeus himself, of old, she misled, who, supreme over mortals, 
Holds everlasting sway, and o'er all the Gods. At her bidding 
Hera with female wiles her lord deceived, when in Thebae 
Time brought round th' .expected day when beauteous Alcmene*, 
Pregnant by Zeus, should give to the light the might of Heracles. 
Thus spake Zeus, with paternal pride, to the heavenly assembly : (100) 
'Hear! ye Gods and Goddesses all, who inhabit Olympus, 
What the prophetic spirit within me prompts me to utter. 
This day shall see, by th' Ilythian pow'rs that preside over child-birth, 
Brought into light, a mighty prince who shall rule o'er the nations, 
Chief of a race of heroes, my own immediate descendants.' 
Hera, who heard the boast, devising mischief, addressed him : 
'What thou hast said can none believe. Thou ne'er wilt fulfil it. 
Swear to me now with a mighty oath, great lord of Olympus ! 
That on this very day, a sov'reign, born of a woman, ( T °9) 

Of thy own lineage and blood shall on earth appear, for dominion 
Destined, o'er all around, and nobly to rule o'er the Argives.' 
Thus she spake. But Zeus perceived not the snare, nor escaped it. 
Forthwith the oath he swore. Then bitterly rued he his blindness. 
Hera, delighted, shot from the rock-piled heights of Olympus. 
Argos she sought, where pregnant, she knew, was the wife of its 

sov'reign, 
Sthenelus, Perseus' royal son ; awaiting in patience 
(Now in her seventh month) the approaching birth of her infant. 
Him, untimely, she pushed into life, but withheld from Alcmena 
All her expecled aid, and forbade th' Ilythiae to help her; 
Then, returning to Zeus, she announced the birth of his offspring: (120) 
' Lord of the lightning's blaze ! rejoice at the tidings I bring thee, 



Book XIX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 423 

This day a hero is born who shall rule o'er the dwellers in Argos. 
Sthenelus' son, Eurystheus, the mighty descendant of Perseus, 
And of thy own immortal line. Fit sov'reign for Argos.' 
Pierced to the soul with grief was Zeus, when he heard the 

announcement, 
Thus delivered : and Ate at once he seized in his fury, 
Grasped by her shining locks: and an oath he swore, that hence- 
forward 
In the Olympian halls that demon of strife and deception 
Never should dwell, nox pollute the starry skies with her presence. 
Thus having sworn, from the heavenly heights and the gates of 
Olympus, (^o) 

Whirling her round, he cast her down ; thenceforth among mortals 
Ever to dwell. But the mischief was done, and he grieved for Heracles 
When he beheld him toiling beneath the yoke of Euiystheus. 
So on my soul, the wrong I had done, the mischief it wrought us, 
Weighed, and suffered me not to rest, while crest-waving Hector 
Triumphed, and slew my Greeks beneath the sterns of their vessels. 
Deeply I erred, by the will of Zeus deprived of my reason, 
Yet will I make amends, and with gifts proclaim my repentance. 
Now then for war prepare, and muster thy troops for the battle. 
All those gifts which yestermorn Odysseus on my part ( I 4°) 

Promised thee, home to thy tent will I duly send, for atonement : 
Or, if thou wilt, restraining awhile thy impatience for action, 
Here on the spot from my ships, by my servants brought, shalt 

thou see them 
Fairly delivered, a pledge of my truth, and desire to appease thee." 

Thus making answer replied the swift-pursuing Achilles : 
"Atreus' son, most glorious, thou king of men, Agamemnon ! 
As for the gifts, it rests with thyself to give or withhold them. 
Equal it is to me. Now prepare we at once for the combat. 
Let us not waste our time in idle parley, delaying 
Aught that remains to do; for a mighty work is unfinished. (150) 
Whoso shall see Achilles once more in front of the battle 
Blazing, and sweeping away with his spear whole ranks of the Trojans, 
Fired with the sight, let him close with the foe and fight like a hero." 



424 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIX. 

Rising, here interposed the prudent and thoughtful Odysseus : 
"Brave as thou art, Achilles ! and likest a God in the combat, 
Lead not, fasting, Achaia's sons to fight with the Trojans 
There before Ilion's walls. No brief encounter or skirmish 
Then will be seen, when two such hosts engaging in battle 
Join, and encouraging Gods inflame their mutual hatred. (!59) 

Let then abundance of food and wine at the ships of the Grecians 
Hearten the troops for the fight : for these give strength and endurance. 
'Tis not in mortal man to confront the foe, and to combat, 
Unsupported by food from dawn of day until sunset. 
For, be he never so brave, though his soul be bent upon fighting, 
Yet will the time arrive when his strength will fail, and his vitals 
Hunger and thirst will gnaw, and his knees refuse to sustain him. 
But when a man, with wine refreshed, and with food to support him, 
Goes forth to meet his foe with a day's hard fighting before him, 
Stout is his heart in his breast. His limbs are firm, and continue 
Strong, till the hour shall arrive when all desist from the combat. 
Now dismiss the assembly, and give command that our warriors (171) 
Take their accustomed meal. Let the king of men, Agamemnon, 
Set forth the presents in public view, that the Greeks may behold them, 
Gladding their eyes, and thyself, O Achilles / see and approve them ; 
Then let him rise, and standing forth, in the midst of the Argives 
Swear an oath that he ne'er hath ascended her couch, nor 

approached her 
After the fashion of man and wife; thus clearing his honour, 
Placing thy mind at ease, and leaving no ground for resentme?it. 
Last, be a banquet served in Atreides' tent, nor be wanting, 
Aught that can shew respect for thy worth ox joy at thy fires e?ice. (180) 
Thou, O Atreides ! learn to be just henceforth in thy dealings : 
Nor be ashamed, nor regret, O king ! to have made reparation, 
Such as is fair and just in itself, to the man thou hast injured." 

Then to Odysseus replied the king of men, Agamemnon : 
"Son of Laertes ! gladly I hear each word thou hast uttered. 
All thou hast said is just and right, well weighed and considered. 
What thou requir'st I am ready to swear. My conscience avows it, 
Nor will I perjure myself in the presence of God. Let Achilles, 



Book XIX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 425 

Therefore, consent to a brief delay, though impatient for battle. 
All of you here, my friends, remain, assembled together, (190) 

Till from my tents the presents be brought, and our league be 

concluded. 
This be thy task, Odysseus. To thee this charge be entrusted. 
Choose from among the Grecian youth their noblest and bravest, 
Forth from our tents the gifts to bring which we promised Achilles 
Yestermorn, and the captive maids conduct to his vessels. 
Be it Talthybius' care a boar to provide from the army, 
Sacrifice meet unto Helios bright and Zeus the avenge?-." 

Then to his words responded the swift-pursuing Achilles : 
"Atreus' son, most noble ! tho.u king of men, Agamemnon, 
All these cares were better deferred to some future occasion, (200) 
When in the pauses of war some fitting season shall offer, 
When the consuming rage which fills my breast hath subsided. 
Slaughtered and yet unburied they lie whom death-dealing Hector, 
Priamus' son, laid low, while Zeus with victory crowned him. 
And wouldst thou then persuade me to feast? My advice would 

be rather, 
Fasting — this instant — for all the Greeks to rush to the combat : 
First wipe away the stain, and avenge their fall — then at sunset 
Back triumphant return, and close the day with a banquet. 
Me, till that hour, my friend lying pierced with wounds and disfigured, 
Stretched on his bier in my tent, his feet to the door — his companions, 
Standing around in sad and mournful array and lamenting — ( 2I1 ) 
Meat nor drink shall refresh, or shall pass my lips. To my spirit 
Hateful are all such thoughts. I long for nought but destruclion, 
Slaughter, and wounds and blood and the groans of perishing warriors." 

Then in his turn replied the wise and careful Odysseus : 
'•Glorious Achilles! noblest of Greeks, great Peleus' offspring." 
Mightier far than my own in fight I acknowledge thy prowess j 
Yet wilt thou not deny me the praise of superior prudence. 
Older I am than thyself, instructed by longer experience. 
Let then my words impress thy mind, and restrain thy impatience. (220) 
Even the bravest of men will at length grow weary of fighting. 
Vast is the swathe which the steel mows down in the harvest of battle, 



426 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIX. 

Small is the gathered crop that is saved alive, when the Thund'rer 
Hangs forth his scales and awards success to the cause that he favours. 
Hard on the Greeks will it be to add hunger to grief, and with fasting 
Honour their friends, who in heaps on heaps are perishing daily. 
That were to leave no moment free from hardship and suffering. 
Whoso hath fall'n, to the tomb with pious care we consign him, 
Sad, but with constant hearts, and a day we give to our sorrows. 
Those whom the wasteful chances of war shall spare, to support it (230) 
Duly with meat and with drink must in strength be kept, that, 

unwearied, 
Still they may face th' assailing foe with force unabated, 
Sheathed in their arms of stubborn bronze for the fight. Let the army 
Now, however no further orders expect : for the loit'rer 
He who awaits a second call will find it a sharp one 
If at the ships he linger. Let all be ready for action, 
Down on the Trojans to pour, with all the force we can muster" 
Thus spake Odysseus : and both the sons of Nestor selected, 
Thoas and Merion too, with Meges, Phyleiis' offspring, 
Creion's son, Lycomedes, he chose, and brave Melanippus : (240) 
All repaired without loss of time to the tent of Atreides. 
Soon was their order told, and at once obeyed by its inmates. 
Sev'n fair tripods untouched by fire were produced from its treasures ; 
Twenty refulgent bowls ; and the twelve swift steeds that were 

promised ; 
Forth came seven young Lesbian damsels, fair and accomplished; 
Last Briseis herself, the eighth : while noble Odysseus 
Placed in the scales ten talents of gold, and led the procession, 
Followed by all the rest of the Grecian youths, with the presents. 
These, when arrived, in the midst they placed. Then great 

Agamemnon, 
Rising, advanced. Talthybiu.s the herald, standing beside him, (250) 
Silence proclaimed in impressive tone, and presented the victim. 
Then Agamemnon, drawing the keen and glittering poniard, 
Which by the sheath of his mighty sword hung ever suspended, 
Cropped from the boar his forelock, and lifting his hands to Kronion 
Prayed : while around the Greeks, in solemn and reverent silence, 



Book XIX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 427 

Lent an attentive ear to each word which fell from the monarch. 

This was the prayer he prayed, his eyes upraising to heaven : 

"Witness, all-pow'rful Zeus, thou first and best of th' immortals, 

Earth ! allseeing Sun ! and ye di-eadful names of the Furies, 

Ye who beneath the earth torment the false and the perjured ! (260) 

Hand of mine hath never been laid on the damsel Briseis. 

Pure from approach or embrace of mine she remains : nor dishonour, 

Either in word or deed, in my tent hath ever assailed her. 

If I be false and forsworn in this, may the Gods in their vengeance 

On my devoted head lay ev'ry curse of the perjured." 

Then in the throat of the boar he plunged his pitiless dagger : 
Him Talthybius whelmed in the hoary waves of the ocean, 
Rolling him down, a meal for the fish. Uprose then Achilles, 
And to the warlike Greeks these words addressed in conclusion: 
"Father Zeus ! how dire are the woes thou heapest on mortals, (270) 
Ne'er could Atreides thus have awakened wrath in my bosom, 
Nor had he ever, unprompted, thus have seized on the damsel, 
Carrying her off against my will ; but that Zeus had determined 
Greece to chastise, and with deaths on deaths to visit the Argives ! 
Now to your meal, ye Greeks : then quickly prepare for the battle." 

Ended Achilles his speech, and at once dismissed the assembly. 
Forthwith the Greeks dispersed, and each to his vessel betook him. 
Gath'ring the costly gifts, meanwhile, the Myrmidon warriors 
Bore them away, and bestowed them safe at the ships of Achilles. 
Some they laid up in the tents, there lodged the captives in safety, 
While to the stalls the noble attendants conducted the coursers. (281) 

Beauteous as bright Aphrodite herself, the lovely Briseis, 
Soon as Patroclus, pierced with wounds she beheld, on his body 
Flung herself, drowned in tears, loud sobbing, beating her bosom, 
Tearing her lovely neck, and defacing her beauteous features. 
Speaking through tears, the heavenly fair gave vent to her sorrow : 
"Dearest Patroclus ! friend, whose kindness soothed my affliction ! 
Mighty chief! whom living I left when hence I departed, 
Now to return to my tent, and find thee slain ! How, for ever, 
Evil on evil, grief upon grief pursues and o'erwhelms me ! (290) 
He, the betrothed of my love, whom my mother dear and my father 



42 8 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIX. 



Gave to my hopes, in my very sight, in defence of our city- 
Fell, transfixed with the spear; and my brethren three, whom 

my mother 
Bore, so dearly belov'd, that day swept off to destruction. 
Thou, when Achilles had slain my betroth'd, when the home of 

my fathers 
Sank, and the city of godlike Mynetes smoked in its ruins, 
Could'st not endure my tears, but assured me that noble Achilles 
One day would make me his bride, and across the ocean to Phthia 
Bear me, and spread our nuptial feast in his Myrmidon palace. 
Gentle thou ever wert, and with tears must I ever bewail thee." (300) 
Weeping she spake. Then joined in her moans the rest of the captives, 
Each for her own hard fate, though seeming to grieve for Patroclus. 

Round Achilles, meanwhile, had gathered the chiefs of the Argives, 
Pressing him much to their feast, but with sighs and groans he resisted ; 
" Press me not, friends and companions dear, I pray, if ye love me, 
Either in food or in cordial wine to seek for refreshment : 
Far too full is my heart of pain and grief to permit -me. 
Not till the sun shall have set will I break my fast, — but endure it." 
Thus he spake : and the rest of the chiefs from his presence departed. 
Only the two Atreidas remained, and noble Odysseus, (3 IQ ) 

Nestor, the monarch of Crete, and that ancient warrior, Phoenix. 
These to console him essayed, but his soul refused consolation;. 
That must he seek in the bloody abyss of war and destruction. 
Stung with renewed regrets, oft groaning, thus he lamented : 

" This would have been thy care, Unhappy ! My loved and my 

lost One ! 
Thou wouldst thyself have set before me abundant refreshment 
Here in my tent, in haste, but with care prepared, when the Grecians 
Set forth in battle array to contend with the horse-taming Trojans. 
There however thou liest, in wounds and in death : and my spirit 
Loathes the refreshment of meat or drink from our ample provision,^ 20) 
Thinking of thee ! What heavier blow, what worse can befal me ? 
Not should the death be announced of my old and reverend father, 
Who at this moment perchance is tenderly weeping in Phthia, 
Mourning the loss of his. son, who in distant lands with the Trojans 



Book XIX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 429 

Wages a bootless war, for the cause of that odious Helen : 
Nor of my glorious boy Neoptolemus, him whom in Scyros, 
(If he indeed still live) I left in the care of his teachers, 
Fondly I hoped and believed that I alone was predestined 
Here on the Troian shore to perish, far from Achaia. 
Thou wouldst return to Phthia, methought; thence passing to 
Scyros, (330) 

Bring back my son once more in thy sable ship to his country. 
There wouldst thou make him acquainted with all his father's posses- 
sions, 
All my domains, my slaves, and the high-roofed halls of my palace. 
Peleus now, methinks, must be long since dead, or if living, 
Barely alive at best, and dragging a painful existence, 
Worn out with age and grief, and hourly awaiting the tidings, 
Harder to bear than his own, of the mournful fate of his offspring." 

Weeping he spake, and the princes around him joined in his sorrows, 
Each lamenting those he had left at home in his palace. 
Zeus from above looking down beheld and pitied their anguish, (340) 
And from his throne where he sate addressed these words to Athene : 
" Why dost thou, my daughter ! forsake thy favourite hero ? 
Has then Achilles quite dropped out from thy thoughts and remem- 
brance ? 
Lo ! where weeping he sits by the lofty stems of his vessels, 
Mourning his dear companion lost. The rest of the Grecians 
All are recruiting their strength with food. He thirsts and is fasting. 
Go then ! ambrosia's heav'nly food and the juice of our nectar 
Into his bosom instil, lest hunger and thirst overcome him." 
Thus he spake, and Athena, no prompting needing, obeyed him. 
Down from Olympus she sprang, and clove the air, like a harpy (350) 
Screaming in voice and broad of wing : and she came where the 

Grecians, 
Aiming, prepared for battle throughout their host : and with nectar, 
And with ambrosia rich, diffused through the frame of her hero, 
Chased away hunger and thirst, and confirmed his strength for the 

conflict. 
This performed, she returned to the stately dome of her Parent, 



430 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIX. 

While from their sable ships the Greeks poured forth to the combat. 
As when the fast falling snow flies thick from the hand of Kronion, 
Drifted along by the cold and sweeping blast of the north wind, 
Thus o'er the field in thick'ning swarms poured forth from the vessels 
Bright gleaming helmets, high-bossed shields, and deep-moulded 

corslets, (360) 

Fitted to manly chests, and stout ash spears that a splendour 
Shot to the sky : while the very ground seemed laughing with flashes, 
Lightening around from their arms; and beneath the trampling of 

heroes 
Echoed. Achilles his arms assumed in the midst of his warriors, 
Grinding his teeth with rage ; while his burning eyes from their 

sockets 
Glared, like a flame, and within his heart unendurable anguish 
Reigned supreme, with fierce revenge and hate for the Trojans, 
While in those glorious arms he arrayed him, gifts of Hephaestus. 
First round his manly legs the rich wrought greaves he adjusted, 
Beauteous, with silver hasps, and with clasping buckles of silver ; (370) 
Next o'er his bosom he braced his bright and glittering corslet; 
Slung o'er his shoulder his sword of bronze, all studded with silver ; 
Slung too ready for use his broad and ponderous buckler, 
Flinging its beams afar, like the moon new rising in glory. 
As when to weary and storm-tossed sailors, far on the ocean, 
Streams forth a light from some lone watch-tow'r high on a mountain, 
Longing they view the blaze of its friendly fires, but the tempest 
Sweeps them reluctant away to sea, despairing of succour: 
So to the skies from the bright and rich-wrought shield of Achilles 
Streamed the long rays of light. On his head then placed he the 

helmet, (380) 

Weighty and strong of proof. Like a star which sparkles in splendour 
Glittered the crested casque ; and the golden threads by Hephaestus 
Mixed with its plume waved wide from the tow'ring crest as it nodded. 
Then for the first time tried he the arms, and tested their fitting. 
All was complete, and his godlike limbs moved freely within them, 
Buoyant and supple. Like wings they seemed to sustain and to lift 

him. 



Book XIX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 431 

Then from its case he took the spear that his father had wielded, 
Stubborn it was, and huge, and pond'rous. Saving Achilles 
None among all the Greeks might avail that weapon to brandish ; 
Formed from an ash on Pelion's summit hewn, and by Chiron (390) 
Giv'n to his father, to work the death of many a hero. 

Alcimus now and Automedon led forth the steeds, and their collars 
Beauteous adjusted beneath the yoke, and with curb and with bridle 
Bitted their foaming jaws ; then led back the reins to the chariot 
Over its polished rim : and in haste Automedon mounted, 
Flourishing high the scourge in his practised hand; and Achilles 
Now for the battle completely arrayed, behind him ascended, 
Gleaming in arms like the all-illumining sun in his splendour. 
Thus then in accents fierce he chid the steeds of his father : 
" Xanthus and Balius ! noble steeds of the strain of Podargus ! (400) 
Safer and better to-day be your task performed j and your master 
Back to the camp in triumph borne : nor leave him behind you 
Lifeless stretched on the field, as ye .left unhappy Patroclus." 

Then from beneath the yoke thus Xanthus, his swift-footed courser, 
Spake ; while his head drooped low, and his flowing mane from 

the collar, 
Downward, escaping, trailed in the dust, all loose and dishevelled 
(Language and power of speech by the white-armed Hera were giv'n 

him) : 
" Mighty Achilles ! safe this day will we bear thee from battle, 
Yet is thy destined hour at hand, nor aught to avert it (40 9) 

All we can do may avail. Stern fate and the Gods have ordained it, 
'Twas by no fault of ours, no want of speed or of vigour, 
Glorious Patroclus fell, and the Trojans stripped off his armour. 
He, the most mighty God, the offspring of fair-haired Latona, 
Smote him, in front of the battle, and gave the glory to Heel or. 
What though fleet as the Zephyr's blast we bear thee (and fleeter 
Nought hath the thought of man conceived) thy fate is decided : 
Low shalt thou lie, struck down by the hands of a God and a 
mortal." 

Such were his words. All further speech the furies denied him. 
Mighty Achilles, much disturbed, returned him for answer : 



432 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XIX. 

"Xanthus! Why predict what already I know ? That in Troia (420) 
Here I am destined to fall, there needed not thee to inform me. 
Far from my father and mother, their son must die. But I shun not 
Death: as full many a Trojan shall learn to his cost ere I perish." 
Thus having said, with a shout he urged on the steeds to the 
battle. 



THE ILIAD. 

BOOK XX. 



28 



BOOK THE TWENTIETH. 



Argument. 

Zeus now permitting the Gods to engage in the contest, they take their 
sides a7id the battle co?n?nences. JEneas, encouraged by Apollo, advances 
to meet Achilles. They fight. Apneas, hard pressed, is rescued by 
Poseidon. Heclor though warned by Apollo, seeing his brother Polydorus 
slain by him, advances to attack Achilles. Apollo saves hiin. Achilles 
then attacks and rotits the Trojans with great slaughter. 



ILIAD. BOOK XX. 



T^HUS, pouring forth from their ships, the Greeks, insatiate of battle, 
■*~ Gathered around thee in arms, O mighty descendant of Peleus ; 
While on the slope o'erlooking the plain stood mustered the Trojans. 
Zeus from the loftiest peak of the many-cloven Olympus 
Themis had now dispatched to call the Gods to a council. 
Forth she went, and summoned them all to the halls of their sov'reign. 
Saving Oceanus, all the presiding gods of the rivers, 
Nymphs, one and all, whose haunts are the pleasant groves and the 

fountains, 
Wide watered plains and grassy meads, drew nigh at her bidding. 
These in the palace of cloud-compelling Zeus when assembled (10) 
Ranged themselves on the polished and marble seats by Hephaestus 
Framed with consummate skill to adorn the celestial mansion. 
Nor did the great earth-shaking God refuse his attendance. 
Forth from his waves ascending he came, a?id joined the assembly, 
Where, in the midst uprising, he spake, and questioned the Thund'rer : 
" Lord of the lightning's blaze, say ! why hast thou called us to- 
gether ? 
Dost thou contemplate aught that regards the Greeks and the Trojans, 
Now on the very verge of a fierce and fiery conflict ?" 

Thus he questioned, and thus the cloud-compeller responded : 
" Mighty Poseidon ! well thou divin'st the thoughts of my bosom ! 



436 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XX. 

'Tis for their sake I convoke you. Their death is doomed. Yet I 
love them. (21) 

Here will I sit, remote on the rugged height of Olympus, 
Calm, and surveying all in my bliss. But do ye as it lists you ; 
Joining with either host assist the Greeks, or the Trojans, 
Just as ye feel disposed to side with one or the other; 
For should Achilles alone be allowed to contend with the Trojans, 
Hardly their force would sustain Peleides' attack for a moment. 
Ever before they viewed him with dread, and shrank from his onset ; 
Now when he comes, inflamed with rage for the death tf/"his comrade, 
Much I dread lest, in spite of fate, he should capture the city." (30) 
Thus he spake, and his words were a signal for strife and contention. 
Up rose the Gods, taking opposite sides, and joined in the contest. 
Hera first sought the Grecian ships, with Pallas Athene, 
Mighty Poseidon too, the dread earth-shaker, and Hermes, 
Deft of hand, and ready of wit, contriving and prudent. 
Thither Hephaestus dragged his distorted feet, as he followed 
Shuffling along with pain, and an angry scowl on his features. 
Ares, the crested God of war, befriended the Trojans ; 
Phoebus, his locks unshorn, with Latona joined, and the huntress 
Artemis ; Xanthus too, and the queen of smiles, Aphrodite. (40) 

Long as the Deities kept aloof, nor mixed with the armies, 
So long rejoiced and triumphed the Greeks, when they saw that Achilles 
Fought once more on their side, who long had abstained from the 

contest. 
So long too did a panic of fear disable the Trojans, 
Crippling their strength, when they saw the swift-pursuing Achilles 
Shining conspicuous in arms, like the form of death-dealing Ares. 
Soon as however the Gods appeared and mixed with the armies, 
Suddenly fierce contention arose and stirred up the nations. 
Now from the trench and the wall was heard the shout of Athene, 
Now from the sounding shore, and among the ships it re-echoed. (50) 
Answering shout for shout, with the thundring roar of the tempest 
Ares was heard exciting the Trojans : now from their ramparts, 
Now along Simois' bank, and the heights of Callicolone. 

Thus while on either side the blessed Gods, intermingling, 



Book XX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 437 

Cheered on the troops and aroused them to deadly strife and conten- 
tion. 
High o'er their heads the Father of Gods and mortals his thunder 
Roll'd terrific. Beneath their feet rock-rending Poseidon 
Smote with his trident the boundless earth, and the mountains were 

shaken ; 
Many-rilled Ida quivered through all her roots, and her summits 
Rocked to and fro, and the tow'rs of Troy, and the ships of the Gre- 
cians. (60) 
Down in the nethermost deep, hell's gloomy king, Ai'doneus, 
Sprang from his throne with a cry of wild alarm ; for he dreaded 
Lest at another such shock the earth should open above him 
Yawning, and Gods and men should behold those horrible mansions, 
Dismal, loathsome, and dark, by the Gods all held in abhorrence. 
Such, when the Gods in conflict joined, was the crash of their 
meeting. 
There might be seen, opposed to the great earth-shaking Poseidon, 
Phoebus Apollo, with winged shaft, with bow ana 7 with quiver ; 
Ares, impetuous pow'r, stood matched with Pallas Athene' ; 
Artemis, huntress Queen of the woods, fair sister of Phoebus, (70) 
Bearing her darts and golden bow, was confronted with Here' ; 
Hermes, the saviour in danger, advanced to contend with Latona ; 
And with Hephaestus the mighty stream, with its eddying whirlpools, 
Xanthus called by the Gods above, by mortals Scamander. 

Thus stood Gods against Gods in arms arrayed, but Achilles 
Only on Hector fixed his thoughts, much longing to meet him, 
Burst through opposing ranks, and, singling him out for his victim, 
Pour forth his blood, to glut the rage of insatiate Ares. 
Phoebus however, approachi?ig ^Eneas, pressed him to action, 
Rousing his courage, and urging him on to encounter Achilles, (80) 
Taking the features and voice of Lycaon. offspring of Priam. 
Shrouding his heavnly form in human shape, he addressed him : 
" AVhere are thy threats, most valiant .Eneas, chief of the Trojans, 
Uttered so bravely in deep carouse with the princes of Troia, 
That with Achilles' might thou wouldst match thine own in the 
combat?" 



438 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XX. 

Thus to the God's address in turn responded ^Eneas : 
" Why wouldst thou urge me, O son of Priam, to fight with Achilles ? 
Well may I feel reluctant to meet so mighty a warrior. 
Not for the first time now should I stand opposed to his prowess. 
Once before (I eon/ess it) I fled from his spear, when on Ida, (90) 

Sweeping away our flocks and herds, he descended, and captured 
Lofty Lyrnessus and Pedasusy^/r. 'Twas then that to save me 
Zeus interposed, and swiftness bestowed, and strength, to escape him : 
Else had I perished beneath his destroying hand, and Athena's, 
Who in the light of glory and fame led him onward, subduing 
Under his conquering spear Lelegaea's warriors and Troia's : 
Nor is it given to mortal man to contend with Achilles; 
Ever some God attends his steps, and secures him from danger. 
Sharp and sure his lance flies swift to its mark ; and to stay it 
Nought can avail till it quivers in human flesh. Yet impartial (100) 
Were but the Gods — would they give me an equal chance — he should 

find me 
Hard -to subdue. Were he strong as a brazen tow'r, L would meet 

him." 
Then spake Apollo, son of Zeus, and this was his answer : 
" Seek for thyself by prayer the aid of the blessed immortals. 
If, as men say, thou deriv'st thy birth from bright Aphrodite, 
Daughter of Zeus, — He springs from a far inferior lineage ; 
Thou from Almighty Zeus — He but from the loins of a Sea-God. 
Hero and Prince as thou art, let him feel thy spear, nor allow him 
Either by vaunts or threats to turn thee aside from thy purpose." 
Thus he spake, and the Prince's heart dilated with courage ) (1 10) 
Sheathed in refulgent brass he rushed to the front of the battle. 

Not unperceived by fair-armed Hera, the son of Anchises 
Pushed through the crowded ranks, to contend in arms with Peleides. 
Calling together the friendly Pow'rs, then thus she addressed them : 
" Worthy of all your attention and thought, Poseidon and Pallas, 
Is the bold deed which now yon Trojan chief is performing. 
Lo ! where ^Eneas, sheathed in refulgent armour, advances 
Strong in Apollo's support, to dare the force of Achilles. 
Say ! shall we intercept and turn him back from his purpose ? 



Book XX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 439 

Surely at least some friendly God should stand by Achilles, ( I2 °) 

Giving him strength, and tilling his heart with courage and vigour, 
So that he fail not, and learn that the mightiest pow'rs of Olympus 
Favour his cause : that vain is the force of the Gods that oppose him; 
Fruitless all their attempts to save proud Troy from destruction. 
Give him to know that we all have come to support and to aid him 
Down from Olympus' heights, and to hold him secure from the 

Trojans 
This day at least. Hereafter, the ills by fate interwoven 
Into his thread of life, at the hour of his birth, will o'ertake him. 
This, if some heav'nly voice reveal not now to Achilles, (129) 

Dread on his spirit will fall, should he meet some God in the battle. 
Ever to mortal eyes is the sight of a God overpow'ring." 

Thus then in turn responded the great earth-shaking Poseidon : 
•• Why should such troublous thoughts disturb thy spirit, O Here'? 
Scarcely, methinks, is it time for us to engage in their quarrel ; 
Calm in superior might can we view the scene of contention. 
Let us withdraw, and apart, from some fitting station, observe them, 
TJiere on yon lofty mound : and be war the employment of mortals. 
But should or Ares commence the fight, or Phcebus Apollo, 
Should they obstruct Achilles" course, or hinder his pro^ — • 
Then will we interpose our might, and in bitter contention (140) 
Gods against Gods shall strive. Full soon will we drive them be- 
fore us 
Back to Olympus, there to rejoin the celestial conclave. 
Forced to relinquish the fray, and resign the field to the stro> 

Thus spake the azure God, and led the way to the rampart 
Raised round the mound which had sheltered erst the god-like 

Heracles, 
Reared in the olden time by the Trojans and Pallas Athene, 
Safe retreat and defence to afford him, chased by the monster 
Sea-born and fierce which swept the coast and ravaged the country. 
Seated on this, Poseidon and all the Gods were assembled 
Friendly to Greece, and a veil of cloud fell densely around them. (150) 
Those on the other side, on the heights of Callicolone', 
Gathered round Ares, subverter of states, and Phcebus Apollo. 



440 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XX. 

Thus upon either hand they sate, debating in council, 
Loth to commence their struggle, and plunge in mutual warfare, 
While from on high the commands of Zeus re-echoed in thunder. 

Filled was the plain meanwhile with assembling troops, and with 
armour 
All a-blaze, and with chariots bright ; and the tramp of the footmen 
Shook the rebellowing soil as they marched. But foremost among them 
Two of the bravest and best of the hosts rushed forward to battle, 
Mighty ^Eneas, Anchises' son, and godlike Achilles. ( I 6o) 

Fiercely threat'ning, ^Eneas advanced. O'er his ponderous helmet 
Nodded a lofty plume, and the mighty shield o'er his bosom 
Spreading, he bore, with stalwart arm, and brandished his jav'lin. 
Forward to meet him Peleides sprang. In force like a lion 
Savage and strong, whom the herdsmen all, each man of the village 
Eager to slay, assemble. At first disdainfully scowling 
Onward he moves ; till grazed by the spear of some vigorous hunter, 
Then, for a spring collected, with yawning jaws, and with fury 
Foaming, his teeth displayed, an angry growl from his bosom 
Bursts. With alternate strokes upon either side as he crouches, (170) 
Lashing himself with his tail, he stirs up his rage for the battle. 
Glaring, he darts on the foe, borne on by his wrath, and desiring 
Only to slay, or himself be slain, regardless of danger. 
Thus upon mighty ^Eneas at once to rush and overwhelm him 
Prompted Achilles his daring heart and fiery spirit. 

Now when face to face they advanced, and were nearing each other, 
Godlike Achilles took up the word and addressed his opponent : 
" What can have brought thee, yFneas, so far in advance of thy people? 
Art thou in earnest, and really mean'st to fight with Achilles ? 
Hast thou the hope that, Priam dead, thou shalt rule o'er the 
Trojans, ( I ^o) 

I being subdued ? For no such exploit, believe me, will Priam 
Make thee his heir. He has sons ; and firm, not weak, is his temper. 
Or have the Trojans, perchance, to reward so glorious a conquest 
Promised thee some vast tract of land, some mighty possession, 
Vineyard and arable fair and rich, inviting thy culture, 
But on that one condition — which hard thou mayst find to accomplish? 



Book XX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 441 

Once ere this have I seen thee in headlong flight from my jav'lin. 
Hast thou forgot how, thy cattle abandoned, Ida beheld thee 
Down from her slopes careering with nimble feet, when I followed 
Fast on thy lonely steps, and thou look'd'st not back in thy terror 
E'en to Lyrnessus thou fledst. Pursuing, I captured the city, (191) 
Laying it utterly waste, by the aid of Zeus and Athene. 
Many a matron and maid, deprived of the light of her freedom, 
Captive I carried away. Thee Zeus and the other immortals 
Saved ; which again this day they will hardly do, as thou dreamest 
Fondly. Now be advised. Retreat, and among thy companions 
Shrink, and be lost in the crowd, lest evil and mischief befall thee. 
Warning the wise receive. Mishap is the teacher of folly." 

Thus Peleides. Then in his turn responded yEneas : 
"Think not, Peleides, thus like a child with words to affright me. (200) 
Easy it were to reply, could I stoop to utter revilings, 
Scoff to return for scoff, and reproaches unworthy of heroes. 
Known are our parents : known unto each the descent of the other, 
Long established by public fame and received among all men. 
What though the parents of each may ne'er have been seen by 

the other, 
Yet art thou known to all as the son of illustrious Peleus, 
Thetis thy mother divine, the fair-haired nymph of the ocean. 
Proud of my birth, I stand as the offspring of glorious Anchises, 
And of a niatchless mother, the daughter of Zeus, Aphrodite. (209) 
One or the other of these must this day weep for her offspring : 
For be assured, not with words alone or childish reproaches 
Part we from hence, or thus decide the quarrel between us. 
But wouldst thou learn from its earliest source my race and my 

lineage, 
List to the tale which a world-wide fame hath spread through the 

nations. 
Dardanus, first of our race, from cloud-compelling Kronion 
Sprang, and Dardania built : for the sacred city of Ilion 
Rose not as yet in the plain, nor could boast its nation and language. 
Only the sloping skirts of the fountful Ida were peopled. 
Dardanus dead, Ericthonius his son came next in succession, (219) 



442 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XX. 

Famed throughout all the neighbouring states as the wealthiest of mortals ; 
Cropping the marshy meads three thousand mares in his pastures 
Roamed, each suckling a tender foal that gambolled beside her. 
Boreas himself, in wanton mood in the form of a courser, 
Tossing his dark and flowing mane, intermingled among them. 
Thence were produced twelve wond'rous foals, surpassing in swiftness, 
Which, when they bounded along in the fertile plains, o'er the 

corn-ears 
Passed, and beneath their feet the stalks but bent and recovered : 
Or, as they lightly skimmed o'er the broad expanse of the ocean, 
Bird-like, their glancing feet the waves but touched and disturbed not. 
Tros from great Ericlhonius sprang, first king of the Trojans. (230) 
Thence in the next descent arose three glorious princes, 
Ilus, Assaracus bold, and the godlike in form, Ganymedes, 
All who have e'er been born on earth surpassing in beauty ; 
Whom for his beauty and grace the Gods caught up to Olympus 
All their feasts to attend, a?id to hand the cup to their sov'reign. 
Ilus Laomedon next begat, the renowned and the blameless. 
Five were the sons to Laomedon born : Tithonus and Priam, 
Clytius, Lampus, and brave Hicetaon, scion of Ares. 
While from Assaracus Capys sprang, whose son was Anchises. 
I to Anchises owe my birth, and Heel; or to Priam. (240) 

Thus have I traced my descent through a line of gods and of heroes. 
Zeus however to man grants strength and pow'r as it lists him, 
Ever supreme, exalting one, and abasing another. 
Why do we stand, howbeit in the midst of the battle, inactive, 
Talking, like idle boys, while heroes are fighting around us ? 
Endless is mutual abuse, and a load of bitter invective, 
Such as a hundred-oared galley would freight, were easy to utter. 
Words from the voluble tongues of men roll forth in abundance, 
Various in phrase, and tossed abroad fly hither and thither. 
Such as thou speak'st thou shalt hear in reply, returned thee with 

infrest. (250) 

Where is the need that we two should stand, reviling each other, 
Bandying scoffs and taunts, like angry women disputing ; 
Who, when they meet in the street, give vent to their passion, and utter 



Book XX.J THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 443 

All that occurs, be it true or false ? for both one and the other 
Rage and despite alike suggest in the heat of contention. 
Not then by words, be sure, shalt thou turn me aside or affright me. 
First must we fight it out. Come on then ! Now let our jav'lins 
Bring to an issue sharp and swift the quarrel between us." 

Ending, his brazen spear he hurled, which full on his buckler, 
Broad and tremendous, alighting, smote, and sharply resounded, (260) 
Holding it off with his arm Peleides shrank from the weapon, 
Somewhat alarmed : for a spear thus hurled from the hand of ^neas 
Easily might, he thought, have transfixed the shield and have 

reached him. 
Faithless ! His inmost heart might have taught him a surer reliance 
On the celestial gift of so great a god, by a mortal 
Not to be proved, at the first assault, abortive and worthless. 
Pow'rless to pierce that mighty shield, the spear of ^Eneas 
Smote on its golden orb : but the gift of Hephaestus resisted. 
Two of its plates it pierced ; but three were behind to repel it. 
Five had the limping god combined to strengthen the buckler: (270) 
Two, the outer, of brass; two of tin within; and between them; 
Gold in the midst, where the lance stuck fast, unable to pierce it. 
Then from Peleides' hand his long-forth-shadowing jav'lin 
Flew, and it smote on the smooth round orb of the shield of /Eneas, 
Close to its outer rim, where the bronze was thin, and the bull's-hide 
Thinly o'erlaid its frame. And through all the plates of its structure 
Burst the great Pelian ash, and splintered the shield in its passage. 
Crouching, ^Eneas avoided the death, uprearing the buckler, 
Struck with deadly alarm : for the spear, unchecked and impetuous, 
Over his back held on its course, and, quivering, behind him (280) 
Fixed in the ground, deep-rooted. ./Eneas, escaped from the weapon, 
Stood for a moment, his eyes o'erspread with darkness and horror, 
Thus to have felt his fate so near. On rushed then Achilles, 
Raising a dreadful cry, and his keen sword drew from its scabbard, 
Eager to slay him. ^Eneas stooped, and uplifted a boulder 
Weighty and huge, which two strong men could hardly have carried 
(Men such as now we behold) : yet with ease he lifted and poised it. 
Then on Peleides' helm had the thundering ruin descended, 



444 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XX. 

Or on his shield, whose strength would have saved its lord from 

destruction, 
And from Achilles, closing upon him, his fate had been certain, (290) 
Had not the watchful eyes of earth-shaking Poseidon beheld it, 
Who to the gods around addressed these words in his favour : 
"Grieved is my soul to behold the danger of noble ^Eneas, 
Who, to his fate urged on by the words of Phoebus Apollo, 
Downward to Hades must pass, o'erpower'd by the might of Achilles. 
Weak and misled ! No aid in the hour of his need will he lend him ! 
Must then a man so void of offence himself, and so blameless, 
Suffer for others' crimes ! — one always ready with off'rings, 
Pleasing to Heav'n, and to all the gods who inhabit Olympus? 
Then let us haste to save his life and secure him from danger ; (300) 
Zeus will be sore displeased should he fall by the hand of Achilles : 
Nor will the fates themselves indeed permit him to perish, 
Or that the great Dardanian race should fail, from a hero 
Sprung, among all his sons whom Zeus most loved and regarded, 
Who to himself and to mortal mothers have owed their existence. 
Now hath Kronion the cause and the house of Priam abandoned : 
Henceforth the race of ^Eneas is destined to rule o'er the Trojans, 
He, and the sons of his sons, and a long succession of princes." 

Rolling her large majestic eyes, thus Hera responded : 
" Lord of the earthquake's might ! as it lists thee deal with 
./Eneas; (3 TO ) 

Snatch him from instant death if thou wilt, or leave him to perish, 
Brave as he is, by the conqu'ring arm of mighty Achilles. 
Pallas and I stand bound by a solemn vow to each other, 
Pledging ourselves, by repeated oaths, before all the immortals, 
Never to spare that hated race, or one of the Trojans 
Save from impending fate ! though Troy should blaze, and in ashes 
Sink, when the hour shall arrive for the warlike Greeks to consume it." 

This when he heard, the great earth-shaker, mighty Poseidon, 
Flew through the fight, and amidst the ratt'ling storm of the jav'lins 
Came, where ^Eneas confronted the far-famed offspring of 
Peleus. (3 20) 

Straightway a darkness he poured o'er the eyes of godlike Achilles : 



Book XX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 445 

Back through the riven shield of the noble-minded ^Eneas 
Drew forth the bronze-headed Pelian ash, and gently returned it, 
Laying the jav'lin quietly down at the feet of its master. 
Lifting ^Eneas then from the earth, away he conveyed him. 
High over many a rank of heroes, high o'er the chariots 
Sprang, with a bound, the chief, impelled by the might of Poseidon. 
Thus, upborne, he arrived at the utmost verge of the battle, 
Where in the rearmost ranks the Cauconian host was assembled ; 
There, approaching him close, the great earth-shaking Poseidon 
Thus in admonishing words addressed the son of Anchises : (331) 
"Which of the Gods, yEneas ! hath so deprived thee of reason 
As to persuade thee in single fight to encounter Achilles, 
Mightier by far than thyself, and more the fav'rite of Heaven ? 
Therefore in future be wise, and retreat whenever thou meet'st him, 
Lest in despite of fate thou descend to the mansions of Hades. 
But when Achilles himself shall be slain, and his fate be accomplished, 
Then be thou bold, and advance once more to the front of the battle : 
None of the Greeks beside shall in fight o'ercome and despoil thee." 

Thus, having told him all, he left him there and departed, (340) 
And from Achilles' sight dispelled the cloud that obscured it. 
Once more clearly he viewed the field, and missed his opponent. 
Filled with amaze and wrath, then thus he communed with his spirit : 
"Gods ! what a marvel greets my sight ! what wonder has happened? 
Here I behold before me my spear on the ground, and the foeman, 
He against whom I hurled it, and thought to have slain him, hath van- 
ished. 
Doubtless ^Eneas too is beloved by the blessed immortals, 
Empty and vain as I thought those vaunting boasts that he lettered! 
Well ! let him go. He will hardly seek such another encounter, 
Only too glad from this to have 'scaped with life and in safety. (350) 
Now to the work ! Let me first exhort our Danaan warriors, 
Then will I try my strength against all the rest of the Trojans." 

Thus he spake — sprang back to the ranks — and encouraged his 
comrades : 
" Hang not back, O ye Greeks ! nor hold you aloof from the Trojans. 
All of you, man upon man, push forward, bent upon fighting. 



446 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XX. 

For, be I ever so brave, too hard is the task, unassisted, 
Through such a mass of foes to break, and fight with an army. 
Ares, immortal God though he be, nor Pallas Athene 
Through such a gulf of war could struggle, and hew out a passage. 
What I can do myself, what hands and strength can accomplish, (360) 
All shall be giv'n to Greece without reserve, to the utmost. 
Straight though their lines will I break, and methinks not one of the 

Trojans 
Much will have cause to rejoice, who comes within reach of my 

weapon." 
Thus in inspiriting words he spake. But Hector upbraiding 
Called on the Trojans, and pledged himself to encounter Achilles : 
" Fear not Peleus' son, ye brave and generous Trojans, 
Vaunt as he may. With words I could fight the blessed immortals : 
Not so with sword and spear, for their might, we know, is superior ; 
Nor will Achilles, be sure, make good the words that he utters. 
Something perchance he will do : but the rest will remain unaccom- 
plished. (37°) 
Him, though his arm were flame, will I meet in deadly encounter ; 
Aye ! though his arm were flame, and his strength as the steel from 
the furnace. 
Roused by his words, with one accord the Trojans their jav'lins 
Brandished. Around him on all sides arose the roar of the war-cry. 
Phcebus Apollo however by Hector stood, and addressed him : 
" Hector! beware: nor meet Achilles in front of the battle. 
Mixed with the surging crowd, in the ranks receive his encounter: 
Lest with his spear he transfix, or strike thee down with his falchion." 
Hector, abashed, withdrew when he heard these words of Apollo, (379) 
Warning him thus, and mixed once more with the mass of his comrades. 
Clothed in resistless courage and might, meanwhile, on the Trojans 
Darted Achilles, shouting a fearful shout; and Iphition, 
Son of Otrynteus, slew, brave chief of a nation of warriors. 
Him to Otrynteus, spoiler of many a city, a naiad 
Bore, where the snows of Tmolus impend o'er the pastures of Hyda. 
Springing upon him swift and fierce, the godlike Achilles 
Smote with his spear on his head, which it cleft completely asunder. 



Book XX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 447 

DoAvn with a crash he fell, while o'er him exulted Achilles : 
"Lie thou there, Otrynteus' son ! most dreadful of mortals. 
Here hast thou found thy death, though the distant lake of 
Gygaea (390) 

Witnessed thy birth : — thy parental domain where fish-teeming Hyllus 
And the deep eddying torrent of Hermus mingle their waters." 

Thus Peleides ; and darkness veiled the eyes of his victim, 
Whom underneath their chariot- wheels the steeds of the Argives 
Crushed in their forward career. Demoleon, son of Antenor, 
Stubborn in fight and a leader brave, he next through the temple 
Struck. Through the cheek-plate of bronze went the spear, nor re- 
sisted the helmet, 
Bronze as it was. Straight through it the spear held on, in its passage 
Crushing the bone and mingling the brain with gore : and Demoleon, 
Brave though he was and ardent of soul, sank down in his death-pang. 
Then through Hippodamas' back his spear he drove, from his 
chariot, (4 QI ) 

Just as he leaped ; in act to fly from the fate that pursued him. 
Roaring with pain he breathed forth his soul ; as haply may bellow 
Some huge bull, to the shrine of the great Heliconian sov'reign 
Dragged by attendant youths, Poseidon rejoicing to hear him : 
Such was the roar when his spirit forsook the frame of the hero. 

Next, to that vengeful spear a victim sank Polydorus, 
Warned from the fight in vain by the care of Priam his father, 
Youngest and best beloved of all his sons, and among them 
Godlike in feature and form, and all surpassing in fleetness ; (4 IG ) 

There, in the youthful pride of his heart, displaying his swiftness, 
Lightly careering in front of the line, his fate overtook him : 
On with his lance came rushing the swift-pursuing Achilles, 
Piercing him through the back, where the golden-clasps of his girdle 
Joined in the midst; where, closing, o'erlapped the plates of his 

corslet. 
Forth through the navel in front protruded the point of the jav'lin. 
Groaning he sank on his knees, and a dark cloud hovered around 

him; 
While as he forward bowed his hands supported his entrails. 



448 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XX. 

Hector beheld his brother his dearly loved Polydorus, 
Horribly thus transfixed, and bowed to the ground in his torment. (420) 
Over his eyes a darkness came. No longer endured he 
Idly to stand aloof, but rushed to encounter Achilles, 
Blazing with rage and shaking his deadly spear. But Achilles, 
Soon as he saw him, leaped for joy; thus inly exclaiming : 
"Here is the man, at last, who hath wrung my heart to the utmost, 
He who mine honoured friend hath slain. No more from a distance 
Each shall the other behold across the lanes of the battle." 
Thus he spake, and sternly regarding Hector, addressed him : 
"Draw thou nigh, and receive thy death from the hand of Achilles /" 
Crest-waving Hector, undismayed, this answer returned him : (430) 
"Think not, Peleides, thus like a child with words to affright me ; 
Easy it were to reply, could I stoop to utter revilings, 
Or to indulge in scoffs, or reproaches unworthy of heroes. 
Well do I know, surpassing my own, thy prowess and valour. 
Yet from the Gods flows all success. By their mighty assistance, 
Hurled albeit by a feebler hand, the spear which I send thee 
Haply may take thy life, for its point is piercing and tempered." 
Ending, he poised his spear, and dismissed it with force : but Athene, 
Breathed but a gentle breath, and wafted it far from Achilles. 
Back to its godlike master the spear returned ; and he saw it, (440) 
Quietly laid on the ground before his feet. But Achilles, 
Raising a dreadful cry, rushed on, all eager to slay him. 
That had he done, but the hand divine of Phcebus Apollo 
Snatched him away, and poured thick mist and darkness around him. 
Thrice renewed his assault the swift-pursuing Achilles, 
Plunging his brazen spear in the thick of the cloud : but a fourth time, 
When, though in strength like a God, he vainly attempted to pierce it, 
Thus in impassioned words he vented his rage upon Hector: 
"Dog! thou hast 'scaped from death this time, though near it 

approached thee : 
Phcebus Apollo, moved by thy prayers unceasingly offered (450) 
In the rude din of arms, hath snatched thee away from destruction. 
Yet if there be one god who will stand my friend, I shall meet thee, 
Sooner or later, and settle at length the debt which I owe thee. 



Book XX.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 449 

Now on the rest of the Trojans must fall the weight of my vengeance." 
Ending, Dry ops he pierced through the neck, in the throat, with 

his jav'lin, 
Flinging him down at his feet on the ground, and left him to perish. 
Next in the knee with his lance Demuchus, son of Philetor, 
Wounded, a chieftain tall and brave, from flight he disabled; 
Then with his mighty sword he rushed on his victim and slew him. 
Dardanus next and Laogonus, sons of Bias, attacking, (460) 

Both he destroyed — to the ground both hurled at once from their 

chariot, 
This with his spear transfixed, that slain outright with his falchion. 
Tros, the son of Alastor, next, who suppliant approached him, 
Clasping his knees, and pleading his equal years; as a captive 
Yielding himself, and thinking to save his life by entreaties : 
Fool that he was ! he little knew how deaf to persuasion 
That stern heart ! how far remote from aught that was gentle, 
Aught that was tender and kind; when he crept to his knees and 

besought him, 
Raising his hands in prayer. But Achilles his sword through his liver 
Thrust. Forth spouted a torrent of purple blood, which his bosom (470) 
Filled, as he fell, and eternal darkness closed o'er his eyelids. 
Mulius was nigh. Through his ear the lance found entrance and 

onward, 
Forcing its deadly way through his head, stood forth at the other. 
Doiun on the ground he sank. On Echeclus, son of Agenor, 
Next fell the trenchant sword, and his skull was cleft to the centre. 
Warmed in his brain was the biting blade, and thick on his eyelids 
Rushed the impurpled shadow of death, and fate overwhelming. 
Then through Deucalion's arm his lance he drove, where the tendons 
Down from the elbow extending unite at the wrist, and disabled: 
Hung down the arm by his side, a useless weight. He, expectant, (480) 
Stood, confronting his death. With a sweep of\vv$, sword then Achilles 
Lopped off his head at once, and away it rolled with his helmet. 
Forth from the spine the marrow sprang, and he dropped in his 

death-pang. 
Then upon Rigmus, Pireus' son, the brave and the blameless, 



29 



450 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XX. 

Who from the fertile plains of Thrace, in aid of the Trojans, 
Came to the war, he rushed. Transfixing the midst of his bosom, 
Straight through his lungs the jav'lin passed, and he fell from his 

chariot. 
Brave Areithous his charioteer, while turning the horses, 
Struck through the back, from the guideless car fell, startling the 

coursers. 
As when a fire invades some parched and desolate mountain, (490) 
Deep in its woody glens the forests blaze, and in eddies, 
Fanned by the rising wind, the flames rush on and consume them : 
Thus with a more than mortal rage pursuing his victims, 
Flew round the field Peleides, his course still marking with slaughter : 
And, as the broad-browed steers on some well-levell'd arena, 
Pacing beneath their yoke, tread out the grain from the barley, 
Easily crushed are the sheaves by the feet of the bellowing oxen ; 
Thus did his steeds, beneath the chariot-wheels of Achilles, 
Corses and shields in a mingled mass confound; and the axle 
Trickled with blood, and the polished rim round the seat of the 

chariot (5°°) 

Thick was bespattered with gore from the trampling hoofs of the horses, 
And from the whirling tires. In full career of his glory, 
On he rushed, his victorious hands red reeking with carnage. 



THE ILIAD. 

BOOK XXI. 



29—2 



BOOK THE TWENTY-FIRST. 



Argument. 

The Trojans, routed, divide into two bands, the one flying towards 
the city j the other, pursued by him, plunge into the river Scamander, into 
which he follows them, slaying many, and taking twelve alive to sacrifice 
at the funeral of Patroclus. He then slays Lycaon and Aster oficeus. The 
River God, Xanthus, offended at the slaughter of the Trojans in his stream, 
endeavours to overwhelm him. Poseidon and Pallas assist him. Xanthus 
persists, and calls Simois to his aid, on which Hephaestus, at the command 
of Hera, almost dries up the river. The Gods engage in single combat 
with each other. Achilles then drives the Troja7is towards Troy. Agenor 
attempts to withstand hi?n. Apollo conveys him away in a cloud, and 
assuming his form, leads Achilles in pursuit away fro?n the city, giving 
the Trojaiis time to take refuge within the walls. 



ILIAD. BOOK XXL 



1VT OW had they reached at length the banks of the wide-flowing river 

Xanthus, sprung from immortal Zeus, deep whirling in eddies. 
There were the Trojans divided. A part he chased tow'rd the city, 
Following the upland slope, by the self-same way the Achaians 
Fled but the day before from the rage of conquering Hector. 
There were they scattered in headlong flight. But Hera before them 
Spread a bewildering mist, their retreat to stay ; while the others, 
Driv'n to the edge of the silver stream's deep-eddying surges, 
Flung themselves in with uproar huge. Hoarse murmured the river: 
Echoed the sounding shores with their cries; as, yelling with 
terror, (10) 

Hither and thither they swam, hard struggling for life in the whirlpools. 
As when the locusts, driv'n by the force of fire, to a river, 
Flutter in countless swarms from the flame that blazes behind them 
Suddenly kindled; they fly, and in heaps they plunge in the torrent: 
Thus, as Achilles pursued, was the stream, of eddying Xanthus 
Choked with the mingled wreck of men, their chariots and horses. 
Then like a God in his might (his spear having left on the margin, 
Leaning against a tamarisk's stem) he plunged in the river, 
Armed with his sword alone : for a dreadful resolve had he taken. 
Round him on ev'ry side he smote, and the shrieks of the stricken (20) 
Dismally echoing rang, and the waves with blood were discoloured. 
And, as before some monstrous shark or devouring dolphin 
Swim for their lives the frighted fish, and the inlets and havens 
Fill with their shoals, while down he gulps whatever he catches : 



454 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXI. 



Thus into caves in the hollowed banks of that terrible river 
Cowering, th' affrighted Trojans slunk : till wearied with carnage 
Twelve of their youth he selected and dragged them alive from the 

river, 
Destined to bleed on the fun'ral pyre of slaughtered Patroclus. 
These he led forth like frighted fawns, bewildered with terror, (29) 
Binding their hands behind their backs with the straps that their armour 
Fastened, securing the twisted mail they wore to protect them : 
Then to his comrades consigned, to conduct them alive to the vessels, 
And with insatiate rage rushed back once more to the river : 
There encountered Lycaon, a son of Dardanian Priam, 
Just from the flood escaped, whom long before he had captured, 
Coming upon him by night in his father's land, unexpected. 
There a wild fig-tree's boughs he found him busily shaping 
Into a bordering rim for his chariot's front ; and Achilles 
Seized him, surprised and reluctant, and bore him off as his captive. 
Thence to the Lemnian isle in his ships transporting, he sold him, (40) 
And in the city of Lemnos by Jason's son was he purchased; 
Ransomed thence by his Imbrian friend, Eetion's kindness, 
(Sometime his guest), who with many a gift to Arisbe conveyed him; 
Whence escaping he reached at length the home of his fathers. 
Thus, from Lemnos returned, for elev'n whole days in the palace 
Merry he made with his friends. On the twelfth, (so the Gods had 

disposed it,) 
Into the, hand of Achilles again he fell, who should send him, 
Sore reluctant, and longing to live, to the mansions of Hades. 
Him when the swift Achilles perceived, escaped from the river, 
Flying unarmed, without or shield or helmet, and swordless (50) 

(All had he cast aside on the ground to lighten his burthen), 
Sweat pouring down from his limbs, and his knees scarce able to bear 

him, 
Wrath in his bosom arose, and thus he communed with his spirit : 
' ; Gods ! what wonder is this? Can I trust these eyes that behold it? 
Next shall I see those Trojan foes whose lives I have taken 
Rising again from the murky shades, and standing before me, 
Ev'n as I see this man returned, escaped from his bondage : 



Book XXL] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



455 



Him whom in sacred Lemnos I sold. In vain to confine him 
Stretched the salt waves of the hoary sea — to so many a barrier. 
Come then ! now let him taste the biting point of my jav'lin ; (60) 
So shall I learn at length the truth, and know from experience, 
If he can thence once more return where now I shall send him, 
Or if the teeming earth, which imprisons the strong, will confine him." 
Such were his thoughts as the terrified wretch now turning, 
approached him, 
Eager to clasp his knees: one only thought in his bosom 
Rising — death to escape, and the dreadful doom that impended. 
Godlike Achilles, high upraised in act to destroy him, 
Held his long spear ; but he bowed him down, and cow'ring beneath it 
Crept, and his knees embraced, while the spear, impatient for slaughter, 
Passing above his back, in the earth stood rooted behind him. (70) 
Still with one hand he held his knees embraced, while the other 
Reached at the shaft of the spear, and tightly grasping, detained it: 
Suppliant then this piteous prayer addressed to his foeman : 
" Spare me ! O Heav'n-descended prince. Have pity upon me. 
Lo ! I embrace thy knees. Revere the claim of a suppliant. 
Have I not shared at thy board the. sacred gifts of Demeter, 
From that unhappy day when thou tor'st me away from my vineyard, 
Sending me thence to Lemnos, afar from my friends and my father, 
Sold into bondage : — a hundred beeves the price that I brought thee. 
Thrice as much now for my ransom accept ! 'Tis now but the 
twelfth day, (80) 

Even this very morn, I was welcomed back unto Ilion 
After so many woes. Now fate once more in thy power, 
Envious, hath thrown me, hated, no doubt, by Zeus the immortal, 
Father of all that hath life; who hath giv'n me up to thy vengeance. 
Surely for few and roil days my mother Laothoe 
Bore me, the daughter of ancient Altes, who on the Satnios 
Ruled over Pedasus' high-walled town and the brave Lelegseans, 
One of the numerous wives of royal Priam, she bore us, 
Two dear sons ; and both alike thou doom'st to destruction. 
Brave Polydorus, liker a God than a man, with the foremost (90) 

Marching on foot to the fight, thy spear hath robbed of existence. 



456 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXI. 

Now is my turn arrived, nor dare I hope to escape thee, 
Since within reach of thy hands mine evil genius hath flung me. 
One thing more will I add, and let it have weight in my favour. 
Kill me not ! Not from the mother I sprang of him whom thou hatest, 
Heel; or, the man who slew thy friend, the brave and the gentle." 

Piteously thus for life the son of illustrious Priam 
Begged : but a stern response in tones of thunder rebuked him : 
"Fool ! dost thou talk of ransom to me, or sue for my pity? 
Ere on my lov'd Patroclus the fates' decree was accomplished (ioo) 
Often to mercy my soul inclined, nor refused to the Trojans 
Suppliant, their lives ; but captives I held, and sold them in bondage. 
Now shall not one of the Trojans escape from death, whomsoever 
Zeus to my vengeful hands before Ilion's walls shall deliver. 
All shall die : but foremost and first the children of Priam. 
Thou too, my friend, must die ! What need these tears, this unmanly 
Grief? Patroclus died, far braver and better than thou art. 
Look on myself ! how great, how strong, how exulting in beauty ! 
Spung from a royal sire and brave — my mother a Goddess ! 
I too, alike with thyself, stern fate and death must encounter, (no) 
Be it at dawn, at noon, or at eve : — that hour must o'ertake me, 
When on the battle-field I shall lie, extended and lifeless, 
Slain by some hostile spear, or far-sent shaft from the bowstring." 

Thus spake the gloomy chief Then sank the heart of his victim. 
Trembling, his knees gave way; and forsaking his hold on the jav'lin 
Both his hands he upraised to Heav'n. His sword then Achilles 
Drew, and between his neck and his shoulder drove. And the falchion, 
Two-edg'd, plunged to the hilt. Then down he sank in his death-pang — 
Down on the earth. Black flowed his blood, with dust intermingling. 
Then by the foot Achilles seized him and dnto the river ( I2 °) 
Flung, to be swept away, with words of bitter derision : 
"Lie thou there with the fish, who will suck thy blood as it issues 
Warm from thy wound at their ease. O'er thy bier no mother, 

lamenting, 
E'er shall compose thy limbs in death; but boiling Scamander 
Cast thee forth to the vasty deep to be tossed on its bosom. 
There shall full many a fish come leaping up to the surface, 



Book XXL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 457 

Through the black curl of its waves, to gnaw the white fat of Lycaon. 
Thus shall ye perish, strewing the way to your Ilian city, 
Trojans in headlong flight, Achilles pursuing and slaying. 
Nor shall your stream avail with its broad and silvery eddies : (130) 
What though many a steer ye have slain on his banks to appease him, 
Many a noble steed have plunged alive in his waters, 
None the less shall ye die by an evil death till Patroclus, 
Slain, be avenged upon one and all, and the woes the Achaians 
There at their ships endured, while I held aloof from the conflict." 

Thus he spake : but wrath arose in the soul of the stream-god. 
Much he revolved how best he might check the career of Achilles, 
And from the Trojans best avert impending destruction. 
Peleus' son meanwhile with his long-forth-shadowing jav'lin 
Sprang upon Pelegos' son, the godlike Asteropaeus, ( I 4°) 

Whom Peribcea, the eldest of Akessamenos' daughters, 
Bore, when in wedlock joined with the god of the wide-flowing Axius, 
Mingling his race divine with a mortal bride. But Achilles, 
Eager to slay him, rushed on the chief as he rose from the river. 
Armed with two spears he stood his ground, for Xanthus inspir'd him 
Inly with courage and strength, at the pitiless slaughter indignant, 
Wrought on so many, -within his stream, by the sword of Achilles. 

Now, when opposed they stood and were rapidly nearing each other, 
Haughtily thus commenced the swift-pursuing Achilles : 
" Who then art thou of the sons ^/men who dar'st to withstand me? (150) 
Woe to the parents of those who measure their might with Achilles !" 
Pelegon's valiant son these words returned him in answer : 
"Why demand'st thou, mighty Achilles ! my name and my lineage? 
Hither I come from afar, from the fair Paeonian region, 
Fertile and rich : and I lead our brave Paeonian spearmen. 
This the eleventh morn since Ilion's walls have received me. 
From the great source of Axius' flood I derive my existence, 
Axius, the fairest stream that enriches the earth with its bounties. 
Thence sprang Pelegon, famed as a spearman bold, and my father. 
Such my acknowledged birth. Now fight ! most noble Achilles." (160) 

Threat'ning he spake. Then lifted Achilles the Pelian jav'lin, 
Pondrous and huge. At once two spears from Asteropaeus 



458 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXI. 

Flew, for with equal force each hand delivered its weapon ; 
One on the shield of Achilles struck, unavailing to pierce it — 
By the firm gold, the gift of a God, its course was arrested — 
One near the elbow-joint of the strong right arm of his foeman 
Grazed. Forth spouted the blood ; but the spear passed on and 

was buried 
Deep in the ground, where quivering it stood, disappointed of carnage. 
Then in his turn Achilles, with full resolve to destroy him, 
Darted at Asteropaeus the Pelian ash ; but it wandered i 1 ! ) 

Wide of its mark, and the spear in the lofty bank of the river 
Plunged, and buried the half of its ashen shaft. But Achilles, 
Drawing at once from his thigh his trenchant blade, on his foeman 
Sprang with a fierce assault. But he at the spear of Peleides 
Tugging with all the might of his stalwart arms, to extract it 
Vainly attempted. Thrice he essayed it, desperate a?id furious, 
Thrice relinquished the baffled attempt ; then strove for the fourth 

time, 
Straining with all his force to break the spear of Achilles. 
Peleus' son with his sword rushed in, and cut short his existence. 
Straight through the navel he plunged the blade. Then gushed 

forth his entrails ( I ^o) 

All on the ground. Thick night then closed o'er his eyes, and in 

death-pangs 
Gasping he lay. On his bosom Achilles leaped, and his armour 
Stripped from his prostrate form, while thus he exultingly boasted : 
"Lie thou there! albeit thou claim'st descent from a River, 
Hard 'tis for such to strive with the lofty race of Kronion. 
Wide tho' the sweep of thy parent stream, and majestic its current, 
'Tis from the glorious ruler of all I draw my existence, 
Peleus, y^acus' son, of the populous Myrmidon nation 
Sovereign, begat me. Zeus himself was yEacus' father. 
Far as his might transcends the streams that are lost in the ocean, (190) 
Even so far doth his race excel the sons of the Rivers. 
Lo ! by thy side pours down a mighty stream. Could it aid thee? 
Little, I ween ! nor mortal nor god can contend with Kronion, 
Not Achelous himself in the high-swoll'n pride of his waters, 



Book XXI.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 459 

Not the deep-rolling, world-encircling stream of the ocean, 
He from whom all the seas with all their waves and their currents 
Draw their supply, and the earth's deep wells, its springs and its 

fountains. 
All from the blasting flash of Kronion shrink, and in terror 
Quail, when his thunder's crash rebellows aloft in the aether." 
Thus spake the conquering chief. From the bank then plucked 

out his weapon, (200) 

Leaving behind him the foe outstretched whose life he had taken, 
There on the sand, and washed by the break of the dark rolling waters. 
Round him came twining the eels, and the greedy fishes assembled, 
Eager to feast on the rich, white fat that enveloped his kidneys. 
On flew the victor in chace of .the crested Pseonian warriors, 
Scatt'ring on all sides far and wide from the eddying river, 
When they beheld their mightiest chief in desperate conflict;, 
Valiantly slain by the hands and beneath the sword of Peleides. 
Mydon he slew, Thersilochus next, then Astypylus perished, 
^Eneus and Thracian Mnesus fell, and brave Ophelestes. ( 2I °) 
More of the flying Paeonian host had vengeful Achillas 
Slain; but, incensed, interfered the swift wide-eddying Xanthus, 
Mingling a deep-toned human voice with the roar of his whirlpools : 
"Peleus' son! in valour and dreadful deeds thou surpassest 
Aught that mortal hath done ; for the gods protect and assist thee. 
Yet, if immortal Zeus to thy sword hath delivered the Trojans, 
Do thy murderous work on the plain, nor sully my waters. 
Foul is my limpid and beauteous stream with slaughter and carnage, 
Loaded with corpses scarce can I roll my waves to the ocean, 
Choked and encumbered. Furious still thou persistest in slaying. (220) 
Hold thy relentless hand, O Prince ! Thy slaughters dismay me." 
Thus in his turn replied the swift-pursuing Achilles : 
"Ev'n as thou say'st, Scamander divine, be thy bidding accomplished. 
Yet may I not desist from destroying those insolent Trojans, 
Till to their city's walls I shall drive them ; and Hector encount'ring, 
Try my strength, whether he or I shall conquer or perish." 

Ending, with more than mortal rage he rushed on the Trojans, 
Then to Apollo the deep-flowing stream addressed his remonstrance : 



460 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXI. 

"Son of Kronion ! lord of the silver bow! thou neglectest 
All thy great parent's high commands — his repeated injunctions, (230) 
Troia's sons to assist and protect, till the shadows of ev'ning 
Lengthen across the plain, and night shall have closed on the battle." 

Thus he spake. But Achilles plunged once more in the torrent, 
Leaping from off the bank. Then rose in his fury the River, 
Rearing up all his waves amain, and spewed forth the corses 
Out on the shore — those countless dead Achilles had slaughtered ; 
Tossing them all abroad with the bellowing roar of a wild bull 
Maddened with rage. While those who yet survived he protected, 
Hiding them deep in the hollow whirls of his beauteous water ; 
High o'er Achilles curled the bursting waves, and descending (240) 
Fell with a crash on his shield. No longer maintained he his footing 
Firm on the shifting ground. Then he clutched for support at an elm- 
tree, 
Vig'rous of growth and large : but the root gave way, and it tumbled, 
Tearing to pieces the bank in its fall, and cov'ring the waters 
Thick with its floating boughs, which served as a bridge for the hero 
Over the flood beneath. Then out he sprang from the torrent, 
And o'er the plain in haste with nimble feet he retreated, 
Struck with unwonted dread. Nor desisted the God, but pursued 

him, 
Black'ning in billowy heaps, that in mid career of his vengeance 
Peleus' godlike son might be stopped and the Trojans delivered. 
Far as a spear might fly on his way then darted Achilles, i 2 ^ 1 ) 

Ev'n as the dark-winged eagle darts in pursuit of his quarry, 
Swiftest and strongest of all the birds that soar under Heaven. 
Thus pursued he his course, while the brazen arms in his bosom 
Harshly clashed as he ran ; and now by swerving obliquely 
Thought to escape : but the flood rushed roaring on and pursued 

him. 
As when from some dark mountain-source one leads forth the water, 
Turning its course on the plants, and thirsting beds of his garden, 
Mattock in hand, its channel he clears from dirt and obstructions ; 
On as it pours it gathers strength, and scatters the pebbles, (260) 
Rolling them on; till a steep descent attaining, it plunges 



Book XXL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 461 

Headlong down with wild turmoil, and outruns its conductor : 
Thus overtook the flood in its race the flying Achilles, 
Swift as he was : for the might of Gods that of mortals surpasses. 
Oft as Achilles resolved in his mind to turn and resist it, 
Making a stand, and learn whether all the Gods who in heaven 
Dwell had combined to drive him back, and frustrate his triumph, 
Curling above him, the heav'n-engendered stream on his shoulders 
Dashed in a whelming wave. Then aloft he sprang with an effort 
Wroth and indignant. Still persisted the stream, and assailed 
him, ( 2 7o) 

Striking aside his knees, and sweeping the sand from beneath him. 
Deeply Peleides groaned, his eyes uplifting to heaven : 
"Father Zeus ! will no pitying God then come to my rescue 
From this infuriate flood ? All else will I cheerfully suffer. 
None of the high Olympian pow'rs so deeply hath wronged me 
As my own mother dear, who led me on by deception. 
She it was who predicted my fall by the shafts of Apollo 
Swift, overta'en, before the walls of the corsleted Trojans. 
Had I but fall'n by Hector's hand, their mightiest and bravest, 
Then had I died a hero's death, and been spoiled by a hero. (280) 
Now by a base and vulgar fate am I destined to perish, 
Swept away by the stream : like a swine-herd lad who in crossing 
Misses his step in some brawling brook which he fords in the winter." 

Thus he spake. Poseidon at once and Pallas Athene 
Standing beside him appeared — revealed in the semblance of mortals, 
Grasping his hands in their own, and words of encouragement utt'ring. 
First Poseidon, the great earth-shaking monarch, addressed him : 
"Be of good cheer, Peleides! and cast all terror behind thee. 
Here we stand, two powerful Gods, thine aids and supporters 
(Zeus permitting our aid) — myself and Pallas Athene. ( 2 9°) 

Not by the might of that whelming flood art thou destined to perish. 
Soon will its stream to its course return, and thou shalt behold it. 
We will support thee, bravely and well, if thou wilt but obey us. 
Hold not thy hand, nor cease from this all-devastating warfare, 
Till within Ilion's far-famed walls the fugitive Trojans 
Headlong are driv'n, and Hector himself shall have fall'n to thy prowess. 



462 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXI. 



Then to thy ships retire. This grace, this glory we grant thee." 

Thus, as with one accord, they spake, and rejoined the immortals; 
On then he sped, at the heav'nly behest fresh vigour imbibing, 
Far o'er the plain deep drowned with the out-poured rush of 
the waters, (3 00 ) 

Where with their mingled corses the beauteous arms of the slaughtered 
Floated unnumbered. High o'er the flood right onward he bounded. 
Leap after leap, unwearied ; nor aught availed to impede him 
All the wide-rolling stream could oppose — for Athena upheld him. 
Nor did Scamander relax in wrath, but increasing in fury, 
Raged against Peleus' son, and swelled yet higher and higher, 
Breaking in crests of foam 1 and he called aloud upon Simois : 
"Aid me, my brother ! Join we our force this mortal to conquer, 
Else will he soon subvert the stately city of Priam, 
Dear to us both; since vainly the Trojans strive to resist him. (310) 
Lose not a moment ! Swell thy flood with the brooks from the 

mountains ; 
Summon thy tribute streams from the region around to assist thee ; 
Heave up thy waves, and roll before thee the trunks and the boulders 
Thund'ring along, and crush this mad presumptuous mortal, 
Vaunting himself like a God, and bearing down all opposition. 
Nought shall his strength, I ween, avail him now, nor his beauty, 
Nor his resplendent arms, which soon shall dazzle no longer, 
All overwhelm'd with stifling ooze ; and his corse will I bury 
Deep in the sand, weighed down and heaped with mussels and peb- 
bles, 
So that in vain for his bones the Greeks may search, to collect them : 
Such and so vast the mingled mass I shall pile up above them (321) 
Which for his fun'ral mound must serve. Small need for the Argives 
There to erect a pile, attd call it the tomb of Achilles" 
Ending, again the raging river Achilles assaulted. 
Deeply empurpled, the heav'n-engendered stream in its fury 
Rushed upon him, turbid with foam, with blood, and with corses, 
Rearing its waves aloft and dashing them down on Peleides. 
Hera at length, who beheld with alarm her hero in danger, 
Dreading to see him whelmed in the whirls of the eddying waters, 



Book XXL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 463 

Cried aloud to Hephaestus, her much-loved son, to assist him : (330) 
"Up, my son ! Though tardy in pace, yet in conflict with Xanthus 
Equally matched with his eddying flood, thy might we acknowledge. 
Haste to the rescue ! Bring thy flames, and appear in thy splendour / 
I myself to the shore will speed, and Notus and Zephyr 
Summon from seaward to join us with all the force of their tempests. 
Drifting along thy blasting flames, let them scorch up the Trojans, 
Men consuming and arms ; and do thou on the. margin of Xanthus 
Burn up the trees, and thy parching fires let loose on the river. 
Nor be thou turned aside by persuasive words or by threat'nings, 
Nor from thy task desist, nor abate thy rage, till thou hear me (340) 
Issue my loud command. Then let thy flames be extinguished." 

Swift at her word Hephaestus with burning fiery flashes 
Swept o'er the plain — with his scorching blast consuming the corses 
Thick o'er the field lying strewed by the slaughtering sword of Achilles. 
Dried up at once was the plain, and the stream forced back from its 

wand'rings. 
As when some deep o'erflooded tract dries up in the autumn, 
Under the parching wind from the north, and its owner rejoices: 
Thus was the plain laid dry, and the dead consumed; and Hephaestus 
Next with conflagration fierce invaded the river. (349) 

Blazed ev'ry elm, each willow, each tamarisk shrub on its margin, 
Lotus and reeds the crackling fames licked up, and the rushes, 
Which from its beauteous streams stood forth in luxuriant profusion ; 
Gasping, the eels and the shoals offish exhausted and flaccid, 
Writhed, expiring beneath the scorching breath of Hephaestus, 
Which in the clear, bright-eddying flood were wont to disport them. 
All in a simmer, the stream found words, and thus it addressed him : 
" None of the Gods need hope to withstand thy pow'r, O Hephaestus I 
Armed with thy dire consuming flames. I shrink from the contest. 
Leave me in peace ! Henceforth, let Achilles slay as it lists him; 
Drive out the Trojans from Troy. What have I to do with their 

quarrel?" (360) 

Thus he spake. But his seething stream now boiled from its bottom. 
As when in some huge caldron, by flames surrounded, the water 
Boils, as it melts out the fat of some mast-fed swine of the forest, 



464 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXI. 



Bubbling it sputters abroad, the dry logs blazing beneath it : 
Thus, at the sting of the piercing fire up bubbled the river. 
Onward his waves no more he rolled,; but stopped, and, exhausted, 
Shrank at Hephaestus' withering breath, and called upon Here, 
Dolefully praying, and thus in beseeching words he addressed her : 
"Here ! why doth thy son so bitterly plague and torment me (369) 
More than all other streams ? Far less have I done to enrage thee, 
Less than many a mightier pow'r have befriended the Trojans. 
Now and henceforth will I cease to support them if so thou com- 

mandest : 
Let him but hold his hand. This too will I promise and swear it, 
Not one man of the Trojans to save from the fate that awaits him, 
Not should the city of Troy itself in one vast conflagration 
Sink, and Achaia's warlike sons achieve her destruction." 

This when she heard, the white-armed Goddess Hera relented, 
And on Hephaestus her dear-lov'd son thus laid her injunctions : 
" Cease ! my glorious son, my Hephaestus ! Ill it beseems us, 
Cruelly thus, for a mortal's sake an immortal to punish." (380) 

Here thus : and the God that dread conflagration extinguished. 
Once more rolled the fair stream in the tranquil course of its waters. 
Then, seeing Xanthus thus subdued and at rest, they desisted : 
Hera restraining the rage of her son, though deeply indignant. 
Now among all the rest of the Gods contention and discord 
Unrestrained broke forth. High swelled each bosom with anger, 
Groaned the wide earth beneath as they closed on each other in tem- 
pest, 
Rang the high arch of heav'n with a trumpet's clang: and the Thun- 

d'rer, 
Sitting aloft on Olympus, the uproar heard; and it pleased him 
Much, and he laughed in his heart when he saw th' immortals 
contending. (39°) 

Not long held they aloof from each other. Ares the foremost, 
Cleaver of shields, advanced to contend with Pallas Athene. 
Grasping his brazen spear, in insulting words he addressed her : 
" Insolent pest ! who troublest the gods with strife and contention, 
Why so forward and bold? what prompts thy spirit of mischief? 



Book XXL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 465 

Hast thou forgot the day when thou set'st Diomedes upon me, 
Bidding him wound me, and thou thyself his glittering jav'lin 
Seized, and directed its flight, and drove it straight through my body ? 
Now thou shalt suffer, methinks, for all the pain thou hast wrought me." 
Thus he spake, and her JEgis dread with fringes surrounded (400) 
Smote : but to pierce it the lightning of Zeus had proved unavailing. 
This with his spear attempted in vain the murderous Ares. 
Gliding aside she stooped, and a stone perceiving, upraised it, 
Rugged and huge and black, from the plain where it lay, for a 

landmark, 
Planted by men of elder days to define their possessions. 
This with her mighty hand she on Ares dashed, and it smote him 
Full on the neck. He fell. Sev'n roods he covered in falling. 
Soiled were his locks in the dust, and his armour clashed. But Athene' 
Laughed, and in words of scornful triumph addressed her opponent : 
"Fool ! wilt thou never learn how far in might I surpass thee ? (410) 
(And by no empty boast) — but wilt match thyself ever against me. 
Now thou but feel'st the effecl of thy mother's curse and her vengeance 
Threate?ied against thee in wrath for deserting the cause of Achaia, 
And for the aid thou giv'st to the faithless and insolent Trojans." 
Thus she spake, and her bright blue eyes in contempt she averted. 
Groaning much, and scarce recov'ring his breath, Aphrodite, 
Daughter of Zeus, her helping hand extended to raise him. 
This when Hera the fair-armed goddess beheld, to Athene 
Quickly she turned, and thus with indignant words she bespoke her : 
"See ! thou unconquered daughter of ^gis-upholding Kronion, (420) 
See how that plague of my life assists the murderer Ares ! 
Helping him off from the battle-field. Up ! follow and crush them." 
Thus she spake ; and Athena rejoicing heard, and pursued them, 
Quickly o'ertook them, and full on the bosom of fair Aphrodite 
Dealt with her heavy hand a blow. Down dropped she and fainted. 
Down on the grassy sod they rolled, the one and the other. 
While in exulting tones thus broke forth Pallas Athene: 
"So be it ever to all who would lend the Trojans assistance, 
All who wish ill to the mail-clad Greeks or oppose them in battle ! 
Brave be they, much enduring, as now we behold Aphrodite, (430) 



3° 



466 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXI. 

Daringly lending her aid to Ares, braving my vengeance. 
So, but for such as these, long since had we ceased from our warfare, 
Long since Ilion's walls o'erturned and her empire subverted." 
Pleased was the white-armed Hera, and smiled on Pallas Athene. 
Then to Apollo thus began the Lord of the earthquake: 
"Phoebus ! why hold we our hands and stand apart? is it seemly 
Peaceful to stand while others have joined in fight ? 'twere disgraceful 
Back, without striking a blow, to return to the halls of Olympus. 
Come then, begin. Thou art younger by birth. Myself it befits not 
First to strike ; thy elder in years, thy superior in wisdom. (440) 
Foolish indeed thou art, and devoid of sense and reflection. 
Hast thou forgotten the woes we both endured, when to Ilion 
We two, alone of the gods, were sent to serve by Kronion : 
How for a year entire we laboured hard for a guerdon, 
L'nder Laomedon's harsh commands, who promised its payment ? 
I for the Trojans built the wall which their city surrounded, 
Solid a?id broad and fair, for its sure defence and protection. 
Phoebus ! thou through the grassy slopes and forests of Ida 
Follow'dst in herdsman's guise the tardy steps of his cattle. 
But when the joyous Hours brought round our day of requital, (450) 
Payment th' imperious king, on his might unjustly relying, 
Flatly refused, and with angry words and threats he dismissed us. 
Thee did he threaten to bind, both hand and foot, and in fetters, 
Sold into bondage afar in some distant isle, to transport thee ; 
Vowing we both should lose our ears if we dared to remonstrate. 
Off we went, in bitter despite and smothered resentment, 
Thus to be robbed of our hoped reward — the pay he had promised. 
Such is the race thou fondlest — withdrawing thyself, when we counsel 
How we may most severely requite those insolent Trojans, 
Root them out from the land, and destroy their wives and their 
children." (460) 

Thus to Poseidon replied the king, far-darting Apollo: 
'"'Earth-shaking Pow'r! unwise indeed might'st thou deem me, and justly, 
If for the sake of mortal men I should dare to assail thee: 
Wretched they are \ like the forest-leaves they flourish and wither, 
Now full-fed with the earth's best fruits, they expand in their vigour 



Book XXL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 467 

Now in their turn they shrivel and pine. Then why should we quarrel ? 
Rest we in peace! and let them fight it out as it lists them." 

Thus having spoken he turned away, for he thought it presumptuous 
'Gainst his great Father's brother to raise his hands in contention. 
Artemis then, his sister, the huntress Queen, who in wood-craft 
Ever delights, addressed him with taunts and bitter reproaches: (471) 
"What ! dost thou fly, far-darting king, and yield to Poseidon 
All the glory of conquest, and all the boast of a triumph ? 
Weakling ! why dost thou bear that toy of a bow at thy shoulder? 
Ne'er let me hear thee vaunt in our father's palace henceforward, 
As thou hast done full many a time before, that in combat 
Undismayed thou wouldst dare to meet the Lord of the earthquake." 
Thus she spake : but nought replied far-darting Apollo. 
Such reproaches the spouse august of Zeus overhearing, 
Turned on the queen of the silver shafts, and indignant reviled her 1(480) 
"Shameless and insolent creature ! how dar'st thou thus to oppose us ? 
Ill mightst thou match thy strength with mine or hope to resist me. 
'Spite of thy silver shafts. A very lioness art thou 
Over the women of earth, appointed by Zeus to destroy them 
Just as thou wilt. 'Twere wiser to slay the doe on the mountains, 
Or, for a nobler game, the stately stag to encounter. 
But if thou court defeat and wilt dare the issue of combat, 
Soon shalt thou find how weak thy force which to mine thou wouldst 

equal." 
Thus having spoken both her wrists she seized with her left hand, 
While with the right from her shoulder she snatched her bow and 

her quiver. (49°) 

Laughing aloud, with these on her ears hard cuffs she inflicted, 
'Spite of her struggles ; and all the shafts from the quiver were 

scattered. 
Drowned in tears to the skies she flew, like a dove that, escaping, 
Ruffled in plume, though not doom'd to die, among rocky recesses, 
Refuge seeks, and in clefts, from the murderous hawk that has torn her. 
Sobbing she fled, and left on the ground her bow and her arrows. 
Next unto Leto addressed these words the slayer of Argus : 
"Leto, with thee I dare not fight. 'Twere hard with a goddess 



-3°- 



468 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXI. 

Favoured and loved by cloud-compelling Zeus to encounter; (499) 
Look on me then as conquered, and make thy boast of the conquest 
Won by thy might, when next thou rejoin'st the blessed immortals." 
Thus he spake, and Leto the crooked bow and the arrows 
One by one picked up from the whirling dust that defiled them. 
These collected, away from the field her daughter she followed, 
Who to Olympus had fled, to the bronze-built dome of Kronion. 
Weeping, the virgin goddess flew to the knees of her father, 
Where, as she knelt, with her sobs th' ambrosial mantle around her 
Trembled. Her father embraced, and tenderly smiling, addressed her: 
"Which of the gods hath abused and evil entreated my daughter? (509) 
Shameful ! as if committing some wrongful deed they had found her ?" 
Then made answer the Huntress, her ruffled wreath readjusting: 
"'Twas thine own wife, the white-armed Hera, my father, who 

beat me ; 
She who hath scattered among the gods contention and discord." 

Such was the converse held on high between Zeus and his daughter. 
Now to Olympus the other gods returned from the conflict, 
These in defeat and wrath, those flushed with success and rejoicing. 
And around Zeus they took their seats. But Phoebus Apollo 
Entered the sacred city of Troy, to watch o'er its safety. 
Much he feared for the walls of the beauteous city of Priam, 
Lest that the Greeks in spite of fate that day should destroy them. (520) 
Mighty Achilles the while, both man and horse of the Trojans 
Went on slaying. As when, from a city in flames, to the heavens, 
Rises the smouldering smoke, when the wrath of the gods overtakes it, 
Slaughter and death are abroad, and all is destruction and horror : 
Such was Achilles' rage : such vengeance burst on the Trojans. 

High on a sacred tow'r old Priam stood, and beneath him 
Saw with dismay the giant might of Peleides approaching — 
Saw how the scattered Trojans on all sides fell to his prowess, 
Utterly broken in strength. Then quick from the tow'r he descended, 
Groaning, and thus to the guards of the gate delivered his orders : (530) 
" Fling wide open the gates ; but hold them in hand, that the people 
All may enter who fly to the town. Behind them Achilles 
Follows enraged — and sadly I dread some terrible issue ! 



Book XXL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 469 

But when they all are entered, and once take breath in the city, 
Close then the gates, and with bolts and beams of timber secure them, 
Lest, as I fear, that dreadful man should enter the city." 
Thus he spake, and the bolts were drawn, and the gates were expanded, 
Broadly admitting the light and the flying host. But Apollo 
Hastened forth, intent on averting ill from the Trojans. 
These, exhausted with thirst, with dust defiled, in confusion (540) 
Fled from the field to the town and its lofty tow'rs. But Achilles, 
Wielding his dreadful lance, pressed on, with the rage of a madman 
Burning within his heart, and a herds longing for glory. 
Then had Achaia's sons burst open the gates of the city, 
Had not Apollo Antenor's son, the brave and the blameless, 
Mighty Agenor, aroused, and nerved for the dreadful encounter. 
Filling his heart with undaunted fire; and ever beside him, 
Taking his stand, to avert the leaden grasp of destruction. 
Close to the beech they stood, and a dense mist shrouded the godhead. 
Soon as Agenor beheld the destroyer of cities, Achilles, (55°) 

Firm as a rock he stood (some whit though his spirit misgave him), 
And with his mighty soul communed, as his foe he awaited : 
"Now must I make up my mind ! If I fly from the rage of Achilles 
Thither, where all the rest of my friends in confusion are crowding, 
Then will he overtake me, and strike off my head for a coward. 
But if I let them take their course and fly from Peleides, 
Townwards, and turn my steps away from the walls, and to Ida 
Fly, with my utmost speed through the plains at its foot, and its 

forests 
Enter, and dark retreats ; and hide myself i?i its thickets ; 
Then towards even-tide may I bathe myself in its fountains, (560) 
Cleanse the sweat from my limbs, and return refreshed unto Ilion. 
Why do my thoughts however suggest so desf rate a venture •? 
What, should he mark the course I take, away from the city, 
Out to the plain, and with those unwearied feet should pursue me : 
How could I ever expect to escape black death and destruction, 
Since beyond all men fierce and strong I know my pursuer? 
What, if before the city I wait his attack, and oppose him? 
Only one life he bears. Men say that he is but a mortal, 



470 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXI. 

(What though almighty Zeus until now have allowed him to triumph); 
Nor is his flesh so firm but that spears and arrows may pierce it." (570) 

Thus having said, collected in might he awaited Achilles, 
Fixed in his heart was the firm resolve to fight to the utmost. 
As when a panther forth from some deep recess of the forest 
Bursts on the hunter's path, unscared by his shouts or his weapons. 
Not for a moment turns to flight, but faces the danger, 
Wounded albeit, and pierced by the spear, or darts from a distance, 
Ere he can spring ; his spirit disdains retreat or evasion, 
Eager alone to grapple his foe and tear him, or perish : 
Thus stood Antenor's godlike son, the noble Agenor, 
Flight disdaining, prepared for a trial of strength with Achilles ; (580) 
Evenly held before him the polished orb of his buckler ; 
Took sure aim with his lance; and shouted aloud in defiance: 
"High, no doubt, is the hope in thy heart, most noble Achilles ! 
This day to enter in arms the strong-built town of the Trojans. 
Idle hopes ! full many a toil still waits thee before it : 
Many and brave within Ilion's walls are its noble defenders, 
Men who will fight till' death for their sires, their wives, and their 

children. 
There, on the spot where thou stand'st thyself, thy fate shall o'ertake 

thee. 
All renowned as thou art, and proud of thy might as a warrior." 

Thus he spake, and his strong right hand delivered the jav'lin, (590) 
Aiming beneath the knee; and full on the limb it alighted. 
Rudely it rang on the new-made greave of tin which encased it, 
Pow'rless however to pierce — and off the weapon rebounded, 
Turned by the stubborn strength of the woruTrous gift of Hephaestus. 
Now came Peleides' turn ; and he rushed on godlike Agenor. 
Phoebus however interposed, nor permitted his triumph; 
Snatched him away, and in gathering mists and darkness involved him, 
Placing him far remote from the fight, in peace and in safety. 
Next, that Peleides thus might be led from pursuing the Trojans, 
He, the far-darter, taking the form exact of Agenor, (600) 

Stood, for a moment, before him, and ran. Swift followed Achilles. 
Thus o'er the fertile plain he led him, away from the city, 



Book XXL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 471 

Foll'wing along the winding course of eddying Scamander. 
Ever he kept some space in advance, and tempted him onwards, 
Hoping to overtake, by his woruProus speed, and to slay him. 
Now came the Trojans crowding in haste through the gates of 

the city, 
Happy, relieved from fear, and the town was filled with the flying. 
None of them dared outside the walls to remain and to question 
Who in the battle had fall'n, and who survived the disaster; 
Only too glad themselves to save: whosoever escaped it (610) 

Thanking the gods, and blessing the strength of his limbs and their 

swiftness. 



THE ILIAD. 

BOOK XXII. 



BOOK THE TWENTY-SECOND. 



Argument. 



Hector alone of the Trojans persists in remaining on the field, 
resolved to meet Achilles. Priam and Hecuba endeavour to dissuade him, 
but in vain. Achilles advancing, his resolution fails him, and he flies. 
Achilles pursues hii7i thrice round -the walls of Troy. The Gods debate 
concerning his fate, but at length Zeus consents to his death. Apollo 
forsakes him. Pallas descends, and arresting the pursuit of Achilles, 
takes the form of Deiphobus, and persuades Heclor to make a stand, 
promising to support him. The heroes fight. Pallas forsakes Heclor, 
and assists Achilles, who slays him, despoils him of his arms, and drags 
his body after his chariot in the sight of his parents. Their lamentations. 
Andromache hears their cries, and mounting the walls, beholds her 
husband'' s bedy in the acl of being dragged off the field. She swoons, and 
reviving, breaks forth in lamentations. 



ILIAD. BOOK XXII. 



HPHUS to the city like frightened deer came flocking the Trojans; 
-*- Wiped off the sweat, and quenched their burning thirst, and re- 
posing, 
Panting, leaned on the battlements fair : while onward the Grecians, 
Marching, approached the walls, their shields inclined to their shoul- 
ders. 
Hector however his evil fate enchained ; nor permitted 
Shelter to seek. At the Scsean gate the Greeks he confronted. 

Now on Peleides Apollo turned, revealed in his Godhead: 
''Why," he addressed him, " Peleus' son ! dost thou hope to o'ertake 

me, 
Mortal thyself a celestial pow'r pursuing, and know'st not 
Whom thou pursu'st, and deluded by passion still thou persistest, (10) 
All forgetful of Troy and the flying host of the Trojans, 
Who in their city at length are safe, while here thou art wand'ring • 
Nor canst thou hope to lay me low, by nature immortal." 
Burning with wrath, thus answered the swift-pursuing Achilles : 
" Now, of a truth, far-darting King ! much wrong hast thou done me, 
Leading me thus astray from the walls ; unkind and ungracious ! 
Else had full many a Trojan bit the dust, and in Ilion 
Refuge had failed to find. Thou hast robbed me thus of my glory. 
Lightly, at little cost, hast thou saved them; nought from my ven- 
geance 



476 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXII. 



Fearing thyself. But were mine the pow'r, this wrong would I 
punish." (20) 

Thus he spake, and indignant his steps retraced to the city, 
Hast'ning his course : like some proud steed, accustomed to triumphs, 
Easily whirling on in the race his victorious chariot. 
Plying his active limbs thus rushed Achilles to battle. 

Priam, with eyes undimmed by age, beheld him advancing, 
Shining refulgent in arms o'er the plain ; like the star that in autumn, 
Earliest and brightest of all the host that bespangle the heavens, 
Fresh, as in vigorous youth, shines forth in the evening twilight : — 
That fierce star which follows and dogs the steps of Orion, 
Bright, but of lurid and baleful pow V ; announcer of evil, (30) 

Shedding on hapless mortals diseases, plagues, and disasters : 
Thus on his form, as he darted along, bright glittered his armour. 
Heavily groaned the hoary sire, and his head in his anguish 
Smote with his upraised hands, and in agony called from the rampart, 
Praying, entreating his much-lov'd son ; who had taken his station 
Outside the gates, with eager desire to encounter Achilles. 
Thus then in piteous words, and with outstretched arms, he con- 
jured him : 
" Hector ! my son ! my belov'd ! for the sake of thy father await not 
Thus unsupported, that dreadful man : or thy fate is decided. 
Mightier by far than thyself, ajidfar more fierce, is Achilles. (40) 

Wretch ! O would he were lov'd no more by the blessed immortals, 
Than by myself ! full soon would dogs and vultures devour him 
There on the field ; and appease the grief that gnaws at my heart- 
strings : 
Grief Tor the many and valiant sons of whom he has robbed me, 
Slaughtered, or sold into distant isles in fetters and bondage. 
Two of my sons, e'en now, Lycaon and brave Polydorus, 
Vainly I seek, among all our host taking refuge in Ilion; 
Two, of one mother, Laothoe, born, most queenly of women. 
These, if they yet survive, though as captives held, may I ransom. 
Gold in plenty and brass I possess, stored up in my palace, (50) 

Which for a dowry illustrious Altes gave with his daughter. 
But, if they both have passed to the darksome mansion of Hades, 



Book XXII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 477 

Hard will it be to bear, to myself and the mother that bore them : 
But, for their country, a less enduring cause of affliction 
Than were thy fall, by the slaught'ring hand of dreadful Achilles. 
Come then, my son, within the wall : for the sake of the Trojans, 
Matrons and men, if not for thine own; nor give to Peleides 
This last crowning glory — to rob thy Troy of her Heel or. 
Oh ! too, have pity on me, who still survive but to suffer 
All the extremes of ill ; whom Zeus hath dragged to the dreary (60) 
Threshold of age but to make me a mark for fate, and to witness 
Woes upon woes : my slaughtered sons, my daughters, with outrage 
Torn from their homes ; their chambers sacked, their innocent children 
Dashed on the ground in the merciless rage of wanton destruction ; 
All the fair brides of my sons dragged off for slaves by the Grecians. 
Me too (perhaps the last to fall) or pierced by a jav'lin, 
Or by the sword struck down, from my limbs when life hath departed, 
Dogs that have fed from my table and watched at the gates of my 

palace 
Haply shall tear in the street before my door ; and, my life-blood 
Lapping, and gorged with their impious meal, in the madness of riot (70) 
Growling, lie in the porch. To the young, who fall in the battle 
Fighting, though pierced with hostile steel, each wound is becoming. 
Beauteous in death they lie, each grace by glory exalted, 
But when the hoary head and the snow-white beard of the aged 
Lie, and his withered limbs, for dogs to defile and to mangle, 
This is the foulest sight that human mis'ry can offer." 
Thus spake the aged king, and the hoary locks from his temples 
Plucked with his hands and tore them away : but persuaded not 

He&or. 
Hecuba next, his mother dear, der the battlement leaning, 
Wild with alarm, and drowned in tears, appeared, and addressed 

him, (80) 

Baring her breasts, and pointing with either hand to her bosom : 
" Look upon these, O Hector, my son ! and pity thy mother ! 
If I have fed thee hence, and lulled thee to sleep on my bosom, 
Think upon that, my child ! Avoid this dreadful encounter. 
Here, by the walls secured, repel thy foe; but advance not. 



478 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER 



[Book XXII. 



Wretch ! should he take thy life, 'twill ne'er be mine to compose thee 
Decent upon thy bier, or to weep o'er thee, fruit of my travail ! 
Nor will thy rich-dow'r'd wife thy rites attend. But, dishonoured, 
Far from us all, at the Grecians' ships their dogs will devour thee." 
Thus lamenting aloud they called on their son, with entreaties (90) 
Many and vain; for Hector's mind was fixed, and he stirred not 
Though with gigantic strides he beheld Achilles approaching. 
As when a snake in his mountain lair perceives an intruder, 
Nurtured on poisonous herbs with venom he swells, and his eyeballs 
Spitefully glare, as coiled in a knot he awaits his opponent. 
Hector thus with courage unshaken held his position, 
Leaning his splendid shield on the buttress wall of the rampart ; 
Thus, as he stood, with his own undaunted spirit communing : 
a Let me be firm! If now our walls and gates I should enter, 
There Polydamas first shall I meet, who will blame and reproach me, 
Calling to mind the advice he gave to retreat to the city, (10 1) 
Only this very night, when Achilles arose in his anger. 
That I refused. But now T see, to comply had been better. 
How should I face the Trojans, and long-robed matrons of Troia, 
Now that my vent'rous daring hath cost the lives of so many ? 
How could I bear the comments of far inferior persons? 
' Hector' (I hear them say) 'has destroyed the state by his rashness.' 
Thus will they taunt me. Better by far 'twould he for my honour, 
Meeting him here, Achilles to slay, and re-enter in triumph, 
Or be myself struck down and gloriously die for my country, (no) 
Say I shall I toss aside my round-bossed shield from my shoulder, 
Doff my proud helm, and lean my recreant lance on the rampart ; 
Thus, unai'med, before royal Achilles advance, and salute hi?n, 
Proffer him Helen's return with all her wealth, and the treasures 
Countless, all Alexandros brought in his ships from Achaia 
Hither to Troy to restore (dire cause of all our contention) 
To the Atreidse; — and offer, moreover, all our possessions, 
All our city contains, with the Greeks to share ; and our princes 
Offer to bind by oath to conceal no part, but divide it, 
Fairly and justly in equal lots for the Greeks and the Trojans, — (120) 
All o\ir wealth, and all that adorns our beautiful city? 



Book XXII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 479 

Why doth my soul however suggest so hopeless a counsel? 
Let me not think of meeting him thus ! At once would he slay me 
Pitiless. Once deprived of my arms, like a woman, defenceless, 
Shame nor respect would hold his hand. On the spot would he 

kill me. 
Ours were no friendly talk, no calm familiar gossip 
Such as a youth and a maid may hold when they meet one another. 
Youth meeting maid beneath an oak or a rock, and conversing. 
Better to fight it out, and have done : that Zeus may determine (129) 
Soon, and the world may know for whom the triumph is destined." 

Thus while he pondered, near and nearer Achilles approached him. 
Ares himself he seemed, with his plume and warrior helmet ; 
Poising, upheld o'er his shoulder, the dreadful Pelian jav'lin ; 
While from his arms of brass refulgent streamed forth a splendour 
Bright as the blazing flame, or the rising sun in his glory. 

Hector perceived, and seized with a sudden panic of terror, 
Dared not remain, but fled, and the gates behind him relinquished. 
After him dashed Peleides fierce, on his fleetness relying. 
As when a falcon, swiftest of birds, sweeps down from the mountains 
Chasing a. timid dove, and easily thinks to o'ertake her, ( I 4°) 

Darting oblique she eludes his pounce; yet nearer and nearer, 
Screaming shrill, with repeated bursts, he presses his victim : 
So with the swiftness of eager hate he followed : but Hector 
Put forth his strength and in terror fled, in sight of the Trojans, 
Under their wall, and beneath the watch-tow'r high, — by the fig-tree 
Waving in air, and along the road in front of the ramparts. 
Now near the lovely founts they pass, where close to each other 
Two bright springs supply the eddying stream of Scamander; 
This pouring forth a tepid stream, whose vapour around it 
Steaming ascends and blots the air like smoke from a furnace; (150) 
That in the summer's glow retaining the cold of the winter, 
Chill as the hail, or the drifting snow, or the ice on the water. 
There in broad basins of marble fair, one close to the other, 
Each from its own clear spring supplied, the matrons of Troia 
Came, with their daughters, in peaceful times ere Greece around Ilion 
Mustered in arms, to lave their rich and beauteous garments. 



480 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXII. 



These in their course they passed, one flying, the other pursuing. 

Brave was the warrior who fled, but braver still the pursuer. 

Nor was the contest then for a vulgar prize — for a victim 

Or for a hide — rewards of men who contend in a foot-race; (160) 

But for the life of Hector, the mighty defe?ider of lilon. 

And, as in honour of some great chief deceased, at whose fun'ral 

Horses with chariots run for some rich prize — for a tripod, 

Or for a beauteous dame — they stretch their speed to the utmost, 

Whirling around the goal : so round the city of Priam 

Thrice with unwearied feet they ran ; while, leaning from heaven, 

Looked down the gods. Then spake the Father of gods and of 

mortals : 
"Oh! what a sight is this! Can I see so noble a hero, 
Dear to my heart, thus chased round the wall, nor melt with 

compassion ? 
Many and large are the gifts which Hector hath heaped on mine altars, 
Or upon Ida's rifted heights, or in Ilion's temples, i^ 1 ) 

High on her holiest hill. Yet now by mighty Achilles 
Thus we behold him hunted around the city of Priam ! 
Therefore, ye gods ! consult, and well consider the issue. 
Say ! shall we snatch him from death, or at length deliver him over, 
Brave as he is, to be slain by Peleus' son — by Achilles?" 
Thus in reply returned the blue-eyed goddess, Athene : 
"What hast thou said, great lord of the lightning's bolt and the 

tempest ? 
Wouldst thou then rescue from death, long since foretold and 

predestined, 
Heclor, a mortal, marked by fate for speedy destruction? (^o) 

Do so ! but think not that I or the other gods will award it." 
Then in his turn responded the cloud-compelling Kronion : 
"Be of good cheer, Tritonia my child ! The words that I uttered 
Were but to try thee : nought against fate resolved. I shall grant thee 
All thou desirest. Up ! and be doing. Delay it no longer." 
Then by his words encouraged, and eager for action, Athene' 
Rose, and to earth plunged headlong down from the peaks of Olympus. 
Swift Achilles the while unceasingly pressed upon Hector. 



Book XXII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



As when a hound, accustomed to chase the deer in the mountains, 
Rouses a fawn from his lair and through glens and thickets pursues him, 
What though he crouch with fear and hide himself deep in the 
copse wood, ( I 9 I ) 

Followed and tracked, once more he flies and abandons his covert : 
Thus could not Hector evade the keen pursuit of Achilles. 
Oft as he strove to approach the Dardan gates, and for shelter 
Run within range of the darts and spears hurled down from the 

ramparts, 
Lofty, and lifted with his friends, so oft his eager pursuer 
Ev'ry attempt forestalled, and turned him aside from the city, 
Holding his own swift course betwixt his foe and the Trojans. 
Thus it seems in a dream, when with toil and labour we follow 
One who seems close at hand, yet advances not, nor can we reach 
him : • (200) 

Thus neither one on his foe could gain, nor the other escape him. 
How, even then, could Hector have shunned black death and 

destruction, 
Had not still, to the very last, his guardian Apollo 
Come to his aid, and strengthened his knees, and sustained him 
in vigour? 

Swift as they passed, Peleides signed to the Greeks that at Hector 
None should presume to aim, or the biting shaft, or the jav'lin, 
Lest by that hand he should fall, and Achilles be second in glory. 

Now for the fourth time passed they the fountains twain : and 
the Father 
Hung forth the golden balance that weighs the issues of battle ; 
Placed in itsscales the fates of each, the grave and its slumbers, (210) 
This for Achilles, that for Hector, subduer of coursers; 
These he poised, and the scale, with Hector's destiny loaded, 
Sank to the realms of night. Then Phoebus Apollo forsook him. 

Now to Achilles came the blue-eyed Goddess Athene, 
Taking her station close to his side, and thus she addressed him : 
"Glorious Peleides! fav'rite of Zeus ! the hour is impending 
When, in the presence of all the Greeks, in front of their vessels, 
Hector, insatiate of war, we shall slay, great glory achieving. 



3 1 



482 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXII. 



Now no means of escape remain, no hope of evasion, 
Not, should Phcebus Apollo himself at the feet of the Thund'rer (220) 
Prostrate fall, and beg for his life with tears and entreaties. 
Stay where thou art, and recover thy breath. Myself will to Hector 
Speed, and persuade him to turn from flight, and meet thee in combat." 
Thus she spake. Rejoicing he heard, and his course he arrested. 
Leaning he stood on his brazen-pointed Pelian jav'lin. 
Quitting him, godlike Hector Athene' sought, and approached him, 
Taking Deiphobus' form and sonorous voice; and beside him 
Standing, thus in encouraging words addressed him the Goddess : 
" Surely, my brother, swift Achilles presses thee sorely! 
Sad is it thus to behold thee chased round the city of Priam. (230) 

Now let us make a stand, and with force united await him. 

Crest-waving Hector g7-atefnl heard, and thus he responded : 
"Oh ! my Deiphobus, ever by far most lov'd of my brethren, 
Dearest of all whom Hecuba's love to my father hath given ! 
Now more lov'd, more honoured than ever before, to assist me 
Since thou hast ventured forth from the walls so soon as thou saw'st 

me 
Thus bested, while the rest within lie stricken with panic." 

Him thus answered in turn the blue-eyed goddess Athene : 
" Much did our father and mother revered beseech, O my brother, 
Much did they urge me to stay, embracing my knees; and my 
kinsmen (240) 

Each after each : such dread upon all had seized. But within me 
Grief a?id distress all fear overcame, and drove me to aid thee. 
Now let us make a stand and fight, nor longer inactive 
Suffer our spears to remain. Let us see whether really Achilles 
Both will slay, and strip off our bloody spoils, and as trophies 
Bear them away to his ships, or yield his life to thy jav'lin." 

Thus, deceitful, she spake, while leading him on to destruction. 
Now, as the heroes approached and were rapidly nearing each other, 
Crest-waving Hector took the word, addressing Achilles: 
"Now have I done with flight, Peleides ! Enough round the city (250) 
Thrice to have run in dread, nor have dared to turn and to face thee 
And thy assault sustain. But now the spirit within me 



Book XXII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 483 

Prompts me to stand and resist. X'ow one must fall or the other. 
Yet let us swear, and raise our eyes to the blessed immortals 
W no from above look down on oaths, and call them to witness : 
Never, should I survive the fight — thy life be the forfeit — 
Will I -dishonour thee, dead, or commit one outrage upon thee; 
Only thy beauteous arms from thy bosom strip, for a trophy ; 
Then to the Greeks restore thy corse. Thus promise, Achilles '. " 

Scowling upon him with baleful frown thus answered Achilles : (260) 
"Hector accurs'd '. talk not to me of agreements and compacts ; 
Leagues there are none 'twixt lions and men. nor solemn conventions ; 
Pacts betwixt wolves and sheep ; but enmity fierce and eternal, 
Thorough and rancorous hate, all ills devising and acting. 
Such and such only the pact I can make with thee : nor between us 
Faith can we plight, till death shall seize on one or the other, 
And with his blood the slain shall appease insatiate Ares. 
Summon thy courage then, and thy utmost force. Thou wilt need 

them, — 
All thou canst do with sword and spear, as a man and a warrior. 
Now, be assured, thou hast no escape, since Pallas Athene (270) 
Gives thee at length to my spear ; and the woes thou hast wrought 

to the Argives — 
All my companions slain — cry out for vengeance upon thee." 

Ending, he poised, then hurled his long-forth-shadowing javlin. 
Hector however perceived it in flight, and bent to avoid it, 
Kneeling down when he saw its approach ; and o'er him the weapon 
Flew, and in earth stood fixed. Forth snatched it Pallas Athene, 
All unperceived by Hector, and handed it back to Achilles. 
Thus then Hector addressed th' illustrious offspring of Peleus : 
"Godlike and bi'ave as thou art, Peleides ! lo ! thou hast missed me : 
Nor was my fate so surely revealed by Zeus as thou fanciedst. (280) 
Think not by empty words, how boastful soe'er, to dismay me, 
Shake my courage and strength, or make me dread thy encounter. 
Nor shall thy spear o"ertake a flying foe. I shall meet it, 
If I be destined by Heav'n to fall, unflinching and bravely, 
Struck through the breast. Xow avoid, if thou canst, the spear I 

shall send thee. 



3i 



484 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXII. 



Brazen and sharp. May it find deep resting-place in thy bosom ! 
So shall an easier task to the Trojans remain in their struggle, 
Freed by thy death of their direst foe — thou scourge of our nation !" 

Ending, he poised, then hurled his long-forth-shadowing jav'lin. 
Full on Peleides' shield it alighted, just in the centre, ( 2 9°) 

True to its aim; but it bounded off, repelled by the buckler. 
Hector with rage and grief beheld the recoil of his weapon. 
Sore dejected he stood. No second spear was provided. 
Vainly De'iphobus' snow-white shield he sought, and upon him 
Called aloud for another lance. No brother was near him. 
Then in his mind he perceived the deceit ; thus sadly exclaiming : 
"Woe to me now ! the gods have decreed my death. I am summoned ! 
Surely methought I beheld De'iphobus standing beside me ! 
'Twas but a phantom by Pallas raised : he is safe in the city. 
Now is an evil death at hand: no way to escape it: — (3 00 ) 

None ! though of old not thus had Zeus or Phoebus Apollo 
Left me to perish — ever at hand, and ever propitious, 
Ready to save, whatever befel. Now fate overtakes me ! 
Yet will I not inglorious sink, nor die like a coward. 
Some great deed will I do that future ages shall hear of." 

Thus having said, his trenchant sword he drew from its scabbard, 
Where by his side, huge, heavy, and strong, from his loins it depended ; 
Then with collected might he rushed on his foe. As an eagle 
Soaring aloft, from his home in the dark-rolling clouds, on the meadow 
Swoops, when he clutches a lamb or tim'rous hare in his talons, (310) 
Hector with brandished blade thus fiercely rushed on Achilles. 
He too came on, with rage immense in his bosom concentered; 
P urious : his fair and rich-wrought shield pressed close to his corslet. 
High on his head, with four-fold cone, his glittering helmet 
Nodded in crested pride. Bright waved, close-tufted, and gleaming 
Threads of resple?ident gold by Hephaestus mixed with its plumage. 
Bright as the fair Hesperian star shining forth in the ev'ning, 
Fairest and brightest of all the stars that glance in the heaveas, 
Sparkled the point of the Pelian spear, which godlike Achilles 
Shook with his strong right hand, as advancing he glared upon 
Hector, (3 20 ) 



Book XXII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 485 

Eying him well to espy some place where best he might wound him. 
All was compact, for the arms he had torn from slaughtered Patroclus, 
Beauteous and brazen, fitted him close, nor permitted an entry- 
Save at the place where the collar-bone unites to the shoulder, 
Just at the point most dang'rous to life, was the neck undefended. 
This Achilles perceived, and eagerly springing upon him, 
Drove through his tender neck the piercing point of his jav'lin. 
Straight through passed the pond'rous spear, but pierced not the 

windpipe, 
Leaving him still the pow'r of speech, nor stifling his utt'rance. 
Prostrate he rolled in the dust, while o'er him vaunted Achilles : (330) 
"Hector! thou thought'st thyself safe when thou stripp'dst the 

spoils of Patroclus : 
Far away was his friend, and thou took'st no thought of the absent. 
Fool ! to forget that there in the hollow ships an avenger 
Mightier by far was at hand, and that I remained to requite thee. 
Now art thou fall 11. There lie, to be torn by dogs and by vultures 
Limb from limb, while the Greeks with pomp shall bury Patroclus." 

Gasping for breath, and in feeble tones, great Hector responded: 
"Now by thy life! — by thy knees which L clasp! — by the love of thy 

parents ! 
Suffer me not, I entreat, by the Grecian dogs to be mangled. 
Ransom accept, which my father and honoured mother will offer. 
Brass, and abundant gold, and priceless gifts, if, relenting, (34 1) 

Home thou wilt only send my lifeless corse, that the Trojans 
And the sad matrons of Troy may rear my pyre, and consume it." 

Scowling upon him replied the swift-pursuing Achilles : 
" Talk not of knees embraced in pray'r — of my life — or my parents, 
Dog! But that nature recoils, methinks I myself could devour thee 
Raw, cutting off thy flesh from thy bones. Such woes hast thou 

wrought me. 
No! Not a man shall approach to drive the dogs from thy carcase; 
Not, should they bring me tenfold, twentyfold ransom to buy thee ; 
Not should they place it before me, and promise more — their 
possessions (35°) 

All, and the wealth of Troy. No! not should Dardanian Priam 



486 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXII. 



Coin himself into gold. O'er thy bier the mother that bore thee 
Weeping shall never bend, and thy limbs compose. But the vultures 
Wild and devouring dogs shall mangle and tear thee to pieces." 

He 61 or with faint and dying voice this answer returned him : 
"This might I well have foreseen, for I know thee well. To persuasion 
'Tis not thy nature to yield; for a heart of steel is within thee. 
This wilt thou rue, that day when the wrath of the gods shall be 

kindjed 
'Gainst thee, on my account; when Paris and Phoebus Apollo, 
Brave as thou art, at the Scsean gate with their arrows shall stretch 
thee." (360) 

Thus while he spake the shades of death came gath'ring around him. 
Quitting his mortal frame his soul passed downward to Hades 
Wailing its lot, relinquishing youth and vigour and manhood. 
Peleus' son stood o'er him awhile, and addressed the departed : 
"Die thou first ! For myself, I accept my fate, when it pleases 
Zeus and the other immortal gods that Achilles shall perish." 

Thus having said, his brazen spear from the dead he extracted, 
Laid it aside, and stripped the blood-stained spoils from his shoulders ; 
Round him on all sides gathered in crowds the sons of Achaia, 
Much admiring the beauteous form and the stature of Hector. (370) 
Nor did a man approach but inflicted a wound on the hero; 
Each to his neighbour thus addressing words of derision : 
"Hector behold! far gentler, softer, and easier to deal with 
Than when he hurled in his rage devouring names on our vessels." 
Thus, as he spurned at the corpse, each Greek exclaimed to his 
fellow. 

Godlike Achilles had now despoiled the dead, and advancing 
Full in the midst of the Greeks, in words like these he harangued 

them : 
" Friends, and leaders of Greece! her foremost in war and m council! 
Now that by heav'n's propitious aid we have conquered the warrior 
Who beyond all the rest of his race afflicted our armies, (380) 
Up! and around the city in arms let us march, and discover 
What the Trojans intend — what further course they contemplate : 
Whether, their hero slain, they will yield their town and surrender, 



Book XXII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 487 

Or, undismayed by his loss, will still prolong their resistance. 
Why will my soul however thus lead me on with suggestions? 
There at the ships Patroclus lies, unwept and unburied; 
Whom, while on earth I remain endued with vigour and manhood, 
Mixing with living men, my soul shall not cease to remember. 
Ev'n in the shades, where living and dead alike are forgotten, 
There, even there, my lov'd companion's remembrance will haunt 
me. (390) 

Back to our ships return we then, ye youths of Achaia, 
Bear with us Hector's corpse, and chant this Paean in chorus: 
1 Glory and triumph are ours ! We have slain the redoubtable Hector, 
Worshipped no less than a god, as their city's stay, by the Trojans.'" 

This having said, an unseemly deed he devised against Hector. 
Boring the tendons behind of his feet, from the heel to the ankle, 
Thongs of leather he passed through both, and tied them together ; 
Then to his chariot bound ; while the head lay trailing behind them ; 
Mounted the car, and, receiving the glorious spoils from his comrades, 
Lashed the steeds, and with right good will they whirled on the 
chariot. (400) 

Up rose the dust in clouds as they dragged the corse; and behind it 
Streamed out the long dark locks; and with dust that head was 

disfigured, 
Ever before so graceful and fair: for by Zeus was he destined 
Thus, on his own paternal soil, to defilement and outrage. 

Now when his mother beheld her son thus dragged and disfigured, 
Rending her hair she stood, and the shining veil from her temples 
Flung far away, and convulsive sobs burst forth from her bosom. 
Piteously moaned his father dear, and over the city 
Loud and on all sides rose the voice of sorrow and wailing. 
Seemed as if, toppling down from her height, her glory departed, (410) 
Ilion already a prey to flames in her ashes were sinking. 
Scarce could his people prevent their hoary monarch from rushing, 
Maddened by grief and despair, from the Dardan gate to Achilles. 
Rolled in the mire at length he lay, and begged, and entreated, 
Calling, adjuring all by name who tried to restrain him : 
" Cease to detain me, my friends, and, sad tho' it be, yet allow me 



488 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXII. 



Forth from the city alone to go to the ships of the Grecians, 
There to beseech this dreadful man, this ruthless destroyer : 
Haply he yet may respect my age, and, touched by compassion, 
Pity my hoary locks. For he too at home has a father, (4 2 °) 
Peleus, old and weak like myself, who begat and who reared him, 
Scourge as he is of our race; but of mine most bitter and cruel. 
Many a son of mine in the bloom of youth hath he slaughtered ; 
Hard to endure! but of all most dear, most deeply lamented, 
One, whose untimely loss to the grave with sorrow will bring me, 
Hector belov'd! Ah! would in my arms thou hadst breathed forth 

thy spirit ! 
Tenderly then had I closed thine eyes, and wept and bewailed thee. 
Taking my fill of grief, with the hapless mother that bore thee." 

Weeping he spake, and around him wept in concert the Trojans. 
Hecuba then in her turn, by the Troian matrons surrounded, (430) 
Thus began: "O why do I live, my son! to lament thee, 
Pride of mine eyes and boast of my lips, my joy and my comfort, 
Ever by night and day? Sole hope, sole stay of the Trojans, 
Matrons and men, who as all but a god revered and adored thee. 
Living, in thee they beheld the glory and strength of their city. 
Now thou art gone ! and nought remains but to grieve, and bewail thee.' 1 '' 

Weeping she spake. — As yet no word to the consort of Hector 
Rumour had borne ; no messenger sure had brought her the tidings 
Dread, that without the gates her lord awaited Achilles. 
High in a chamber remote, beneath the roof of her palace, (440) 
Plied she the loom, in the close-wrought web rich figures embroid'ring, 
Beauteous. Anon she called to the fair-haired maidens around her, 
Bidding them place on the fire a tripod vast; that, from battle 
Hector returning, might find prepared a bath to refresh him. 
Blind to the fates ! nor knew she that far from baths or attendance 
Blue-eyed Athena her hero had slain by the hands of Achilles. 
Suddenly struck on her ear the shrieks and wails from the rampart. 
O'er her a faintness came, and the shuttle dropped from her fingers, 
As to her fair-haired maidens her boding feai-s she imparted : 
"Two of you come with me ! I must hence, and see what has 
happened. (450) 



Book XXI L] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 489 

That was our mothers shriek I heard ! The heart in my bosom 
Leaps to my throat, and my knees, benumbed, seem sinking beneath 

me. 
Surely o'er Priam's house, and his sons, some mischief is pending ! 
Far be the word, oh I far from mine ear ! But I dread lest Achilles, 
Cutting my Hector off from all retreat to the city, 
Press him alone to the plain. How fatal would then be the courage 
Urging him on ! — who ne'er behind in the crowd of the warriors 
Ling'ring, brooked to remain ; but ever, the first of the foremost, 
Sprang to the fight, and thought it shame to be equalled in valour." 

Thus having said, like one distraught she rushed through the palace : 
Thick beat her heart.— Her attendants followed, close on her 

footsteps ; (461) 

Soon to the tow'r she came, and pushed through the crowd to 

the rampart, 
Cast o'er the walls a distracted glance ; and there she perceived him 
Dragged o'er the plain in front of the town ; and swiftly the horses 
Hurrying away the car, she beheld, to the ships of the Grecians. 
That when she saw, the darkness of night settled down on her eyelids ; 
Back she sank in a swoon, and at once her senses forsook her. 
Loose from her head fell scattering the beauteous bands that 

adorned it, 
Garland and coronal fair, the confining net, and the fillet 
Twining among her hair, and the veil which bright Aphrodite (470) 
Flung o'er her head on that happy day when crest-waving Hector 
Led her, a rich-dower'd bride, from the halls of her father Eetion. 
Round her her sisters had gathered, the gentle wives of her brothers: 
These in their arms received, and her fleeting spirit arrested. 
Now, when again she breathed, and her thoughts once more were 

collected, 
Broken by sobs, her plaint she poured to the matrons of Troia : 
"Hector! alas for us both! to an evil fate were we destined 
Both from our birth : for thee, in Troy in the palace of Priam, 
And for myself, in the fair Hypoplakian forests, in Thebse, 
Under my father Eetion's roof, who begat and who reared me, (480) 
Wretched, a wretched child. Oh ! would I had never existed ! 



490 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXII. 

Now art thou passed away to the gloomy mansions of Hades, 
Down in the depths of earth, and here am I left in thy palace, 
Widowed and plunged in grief, with our boy, so tender an infant, 
Child of our love, and of joys once sweet, now bitter to think on. 
Him thou canst neither aid, nor can he requite thy affcclion. 
Should he survive this dreadful war, and the sword of the Grecians, 
Trouble and toil henceforth are his bitter lot, and the stranger 
Ever encroaching will seize his fields, removing the landmarks. 
Mournful his orphaned days. No young companions to cheer him, (490) 
Sad and dejected, his cheeks ever wet with tears, must he wander; 
Pinched by want will he fly to his father's friends and companions, 
Craving for food, plucking one by the cloak, and one by the tunic. 
Some one in pity, perchance, a cup of wine may afford him, 
Hardly enough to moisten his lips, still leaving him thirsty; 
One, perchance, who has never known the loss of a parent, 
Drives him away from the festive board with blows and reproaches : 
1 Get thee gone!' will he say, 'Thy father feasts not among us.' 
Weeping, my child must then return to his mother, a widow, — 
He, my Astyanax, fondled once on the knees of his father, (500) 
Fed with the choicest food, with the marrow of sheep and of fatlings : 
Who when he dropped to sleep, with his childish cries or his pastimes 
Wearied, reposed in his nurse's arms on luxurious couches, 
Every want appeased, and wrapt in the softest of slumbers. 
Now must his sorrows begin, (his- father lost) and his suff'rings — 
Hapless Astyanax ! Prince of Troy ! so called by the Trojans, 
For that thou only, my Heclor I their gates and bulwarks protect edst. 
Now art thou stretched at the Grecian ships, afar from thy parents, 
Naked ; the worms destroying whate'er the dogs may have left them. 
Naked ! and here in thy desolate home are robes in abundance, (510) 
Beauteous and soft, all wrought by the hands of those w r ho adored thee. 
Now to the flames I devote them all, since never henceforward 
Or shall they grace thy living limbs, or, dead, shall enfold them. 
What poor glory their flames may confer, the Trojans shall witness." 
Weeping she spake, and around her wept her faithful attendants. 



THE ILIAD. 



BOOK XXIII. 



BOOK THE TWENTY-THIRD. 



Argument. 



After a funeral feast in honour of Patroclus, Achilles retires to 
sleep on the sea shore. The ghost of Patroclus appears ; and demands the 
rites of burial. The funeral pile is prepared. Patroclus being laid on 
it. Achilles sacrifices his hair, then several horses and other animals, and 
lastly twelve Trojan captives. Iris summons the winds to fan the flames 
of the pyre. The corpse being consumed, the bones are gathered in an 
urn, and a mound raised over the place of the pile. Funeral games are 
then celebrated by Achilles, who furnishes and awards the prizes. With 
the description of these games and their various incidents this book 
concludes. 



ILIAD. BOOK XXIII. 



'""PHUS through the city the voice of mourning rose. But the Gre- 
J - cians, 
When they at length their ships had reached, and the Hellespont's 

waters, 
Broke tip their ranks and dispersed ; each man to his vessel retiring. 
Godlike Achilles however detained the Myrmidon squadrons, 
Thus to his brave companions in arms declaring his orders : 
"Comrades, honoured and lov'd ! ye car-borne Myrmidon warriors ! 
Loose not your stamping steeds from beneath the yokes of your 

chariots, 
But with your horses and cars attend. Approaching Patroclus, 
Raise ye the fun'ral wail. Such tribute claims the departed. 
When we have thus indulged our grief in sad lamentation, (10) 

Loose we our wearied steeds. Then all partake of refreshment." 
Thus having said, all joined in the loud lament, by Achilles 
Led, while thrice round the dead in slow procession the chariots 
Rolled, and while Thetis swelled their grief, and prompted its utt'rance, 
Wet was the sand with tears : with tears bedewed was their armour : 
Such was their yearning grief for a chief so dreaded in battle. 
Foremost of all great Peleus' son gave vent to his anguish, 
Laid on the breast of his friend his slaughtering hands, and addressed 

him : 
u Shade ^/"Patroclus, hail! In the darksome dwelling of Hades 



494 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIII. 



This be thy solace, to know that all will be done that I promised; (20) 
Hector's corpse at thy feet be cast, for dogs to devour it, 
And that before thy fun'ral pyre twelve youths of the Trojans, 
Nobly born, to avenge thy death, by these hands shall be slaughtered." 
Thus he spake, and, on Hector's corpse foul outrage committing, 
Cast it forth at the foot of Patroclus' bier, where it prostrate 
Rolled in the dust. Each warrior then his glittering armour 
Doffed, and his neighing steeds at length released from his chariot. 
Down by thousands the heroes sate at the ships of Achilles, 
Bid, one and all, to partake of a great funereal banquet. 
Many a milk-white steer lay stretched by the axe, and beside them (30) 
Sheep unnumbered and bleating goats lay piled on each other; 
Boars, with their iv'ry tusks exposed, on spits were extended, 
Feeding with streams ofidX the scorching flames of Hephaestus; 
While round the corse, as from bowls poured forth, flowed blood in 

abundance. 
Now to Achilles came the princes and chiefs of the Argives, 
Pressing to lead him up to Atreides' tent : and he followed, 
Hardly persuaded, in wrathful mood at the death of his comrade. 
Soon as they came to the gorgeous tent of King Agamemnon 
Shrill-voiced heralds approached, and received command from the 

chieftains, 
Quick on the fire to place a tripod vast, and besought him (40) 
Plunged in the bath to efface from his form the traces of bloodshed. 
This he sternly refused, and by oath confirmed his refusal: 
"No ! by all-poiihful Zeus I swear, supreme and immortal, 
Not till Patroclus' rites be paid, and a mound o'er his ashes 
Raised, and my locks shorn off be upon it laid, shall ablution, 
Cleanse my hands or approach my head : for never henceforward 
Grief such as this will seize on my heart and blight my existence. 
Yet, though abhorring the thought of food, will I join in your banquet ; 
But on the morrow's dawn give orders, King Agamemnon ! 
Wood from the forests to bring, and arrange, that so the departed, (50) 
Soothed and appeased, may pass to the darksome shadows of Hades. 
So shall the busy flames that dismal and piteous objecl 
Sweep from before our eyes, and our warriors return to their duties." 



Book XXI II.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 495 

Thus he spake : attentive they heard, and the order was issued. 
Each then, intent, his ev'ning meal prepared, and they feasted, 
All to their souls' content, nor lacked there abundance or welcome. 
Then, when at length the pangs of hunger and thirst were abated, 
Each to his tent retired, and sought the repose that he needed. 

Peleus' son on the wide-resounding shore of the ocean 
Cast him to sleep, with many a groan, with his Myrmidon warriors, (60) 
Choosing a spot retired, where, soothed by the dash of the breakers, 
Over his soul sweet sleep diffused its gentle refreshment, 
Blotting out all his cares, and renewing his vigour, exhausted 
Sorely by that long chase round the wind-swept Ilian fortress. 
There, as he- slept, before him rose the ghost of Patroclus, 
Mournful, in all things like, in his beauteous eyes, in his stature, 
Features, and form, and voice, and the well-known sweep ^/"his garments : 
Over his head he stood, and solemnly thus he addressed him : 
"And dost thou sleep, Achilles ! forgetting thy friend and companion? 
Living, thou lov'dst me well, but dead, behold me forgotten ! (70) 
Bury me quickly. Give me to pass the portals of Hades. 
Thence do the shadows of those who rest from their labours repel me, 
Suff'ring me not to cross that stream, and mingle among them : 
So that, forlorn, round the wide-expanding gate must I wander. 
Give me thy hand, I beseech thee with tears : for never henceforward 
Must I return, when the fun'ral flames are quenched on my ashes. 
Ne'er shall we more, as in life, apart from our friends and companions, 
Take sweet counsel together : for now, at length, has the sentence 
Hateful, pronounced by fate at the hour of my birth, overta'en me. 
Like to a God as thou art, thou too art predestined, Achilles, (80) 
Under these hostile walls to fall by the hands of the Trojans. 
So let me claim of thee one thing more ; nor must thou refuse me: 
Let not our bones, Achilles ! be parted in death, but commingling, 
Rest : as together we grew beneath the roof of thy father, 
When to his care by Mencetius consigned, who brought me from Opus, 
Youth as I was, from my country driven, redhanded with slaughter, 
On that unhappy day when Amphidamas' son in a quarrel 
Over our dice I slew ; not meaning harm, but in passion, 
Hasty and reckless. Peleus then in his palace received me, 



496 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIII. 



Carefully cherished, and placed me with thee as thy friend and 
attendant : (90) 

Then let one urn our bones receive — that vase which thy mother 
Gave thee, golden and f ah'— fit shrine for the ashes of heroes." 

Godlike Achilles, swift in the race, this answer returned him : 
"And art thou here, Patroclus ! beloved of my soul, to enjoin me 
All these things to perform ? Oh I think the?n already accomplished ! 
All shall be done, in duty and love, whate'er thou commandest. 
Now for a moment approach ; one instant let me embrace thee : 
Once, ere for ever we part, indulge we our mutual sorrow." 

Thus he spake, and his longing arms outstretched to embrace 
him : 
Vainly; for down in the earth he sank, like a vapour dissolving, (100) 
Utt'ring a feeble and ghostly cry. Up starting, Achilles 
Smote together his hands in amaze, thus sadly exclaiming : 
"Gods ! can it be ? Disembodied souls from the mansions of Hades 
Rise! unsubstantial forms of the dead — unreal, yet life-like ? 
All through the night hath the ghostly form of wretched Patroclus 
Stood o'er my head as I lay, with groans and piteous moanings 
Telling me all I must do : and Oh ! how like the departed ! " 
Thus as he spake, the tears burst fresh from the warriors around him, 
Nor did their sorrows cease, till rosy-fingered Aurora 
Rose on the mournful scene and illumined the bier. But Atreides 
Summoned from all the tents both men and mules, and dispatched 
them ( IIJ ) 

Wood to procure : and o'er them he placed a chief of distinction, 
Merion, valiant Idomeneus' friend and faithful attendant. 
Forth they fared to the forest with axe in hand, and provided 
Amply with twisted cords, and the mules were driven before them. 
Up hill and down, through crooked and straight, over highways and 

byways, 
On they went, till the woods they reached and fountains of Ida. 
Shuddered the tow'ring oaks to the fast-falling strokes of their axes, 
All through their leafy crowns, and down they toppled in thtmder, 
Crashing amain. These splitting, the sturdy hands of the Gre- 
cians, ( I2 °) 



Book XXIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 497 

Bound with cords on the mules, and back they plunged through 

the thickets, 
Eager to reach the plain, through paths deep worn by their footsteps. 
Every woodman carried a log, for so had commanded 
Merion, valiant Idomeneus' friend and faithful companion. 
These, when they reached the shore, they in order laid, where Achilles 
Both for himself and Patroclus a mighty tomb was designing. 
Now, when a vast unmeasured pile of wood was collected, 
Down sate the bearers all, in a body, awaiting their orders. 
He, meanwhile, had commanded his valiant Myrmidon warriors 
All in their brazen arms to appear, and each with the horses (130) 
Yoked to his car. They mustered, and shone refulgent in armour. 
Each brave chieftain sprang to his car, and, the reins their attendants 
Guiding, advanced in front, while a cloud of foot-men behind them, 
Many a thousand, marched. In their midst the corse of Patroclus, 
Borne by his friends, came, strewed with their hair thick scattered 

upon it, 
Shorn from their heads. Achilles behind, the head of his comrade 
Mourning sustained, for the friend of his youth was he sending 

to Hades. 
When at the spot arrived, by Achilles marked for the fun'ral, 
Halting, they set down the bier, and piled up wood in abundance. 
Here Achilles remembered the vow he had made, and, retreating (140) 
Back some space from the pyre, those yellow locks from his temples 
Shore, to Sperche'ius' honoured stream which erst he devoted; 
Thus, as he mournfully gazed o'er the dark-blue waters, exclaiming : 
11 Holy Spercheius ! vain was the vow by Peleus my father 
Sworn, that if ever his native land his son should revisit, 
These, my locks, should be thine, and a hecatomb blaze in thine 

honour — 
There, at thy source, in the grove, whose fragrance breathes round 

thine altars, 
Fifty unspotted rams at thy sacred shrine I should offer. 
Such was the old king's vow. But his prayer wilt thou never 

accomplish. 
Now, since I ne'er must revisit the dear-lov'd land of my fathers, (150) 



3 2 



493 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIII. 



Suffer these locks to grace the bier of the hero Patroclus." 
Thus as he spake, on the hands of his dear companion he laid them : 
All who beheld once more dissolved in tears, and in mourning. 
Thus had the day worn on, and the sun sunk down on their sorrows, 
Had not Achilles advanced, and thus addressed Agamemnon : 
"Glorious Atreides ! whom above all their leaders the Grecians 
Hear and obey, enough is giv'n to weeping and wailing; 
Now from the pile let the Greeks depart, and, dispersing, provide them 
Needful food; but let those remain whose duteous attendance 
Still we require to complete this work, with our princes and 

leaders." (i6o) 

This when he heard, forthwith the king of men, Agamemnon, 
Ordered his troops at once to disperse, and return to their vessels : 
Only the mourners remained, and piled up the wood for the burning. 
Each way a hundred' feet the structure grew, and upon it 
High on the summit the dead they placed. There, mourning, they 

left him. 
Sheep well fattened, and beeves huge-horn'd, thick-hoofd, in 

abundance, 
Slew they around the pyre, and flayed and dressed : and Achilles 
Spread o'er the corse their fat, and thickly cov'ring o'erlaid it 
Even from head to foot; then heaped their carcases round it. 
Bending next o'er the bier, great jars of oil and of honey (170) 
Round it he placed ; then four brave steeds, which, bitterly sighing, 
Trailing in dust their beauteous manes, he piled on the structure. 
Two out of nine familiar dogs, at the board of Patroclus 
Daily that fed, he dispatched, to swell the tale of the victims. 
Lastly (a fierce and savage deed) twelve sons of the Trojans, 
Captives, of noble birth, by his murderous steel lay slaughtered. 
Fire he then to the pile applied that the flames might consume it. 
Thus invoking, with many a sigh, the shade of Patroclus : 
" Shade of Patroclus ! hail! In the darksome dwelling of Hades 
This be thy solace to know, that all is done which I promised. (180) 
Here on thy pyre lie slain twelve noble youths of the Trojans, 
Whom with thy corse the flames shall consume. Such honour shall 

Heaor 



Book XXIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 499 

Never obtain. Not fire, but the dogs shall feast on his carcase." 
Such was his threat. But the dogs respecled the slain, nor ap- 
proached him : 
Bright Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus, was nigh to protect him, 
Ever by night and by day, and drove them off, and with ointments 
Roseate, ambrosial, kept him whole, though dragged by the chariot. 
Phoebus Apollo too sent down a cloud from the heavens, 
Thick overshadowing the spot where the hero lay, and the sunbeams 
All intercepting, whose burning glow might scorch up his moisture, (190) 
Shrinking up all the flesh and shriveling the nerves and the sinews, 

Smouldering yet and unkindled remained the pyre of Patroclus. 
This when Achilles perceived, on the winds he called for assistance. 
Standing aloof, to the two great blasts, to Boreas and Zephyr, 
Prayed he, and proffering gifts of price to be laid on their altars, 
Large libations he poured from a golden bowl, and besought them 
Quickly to come and fan the flame, and in bright conflagration 
Burn up the wood and the dead. To his prayer heart 11' s messenger, 

Iris, 
Lent a propitious ear, and the echoing hall of the tempests 
Sought, where the winds she found, in the breezy palace of 
Zephyr, (200) 

Seated around his festive board. Her flight she arrested, 
And on the marble threshold stood. All rose when they saw her, 
Eachy^r so honoured a guest made room, and prayed her to enter. 
This she declined, refusing a seat — and delivered her errand : 
" Here may I not repose. On the utmost verge of the Ocean, 
Far Ethiopia's land I seek, where the Gods are assembling 
Sacred rites to receive, and I go to join in the banquet; 
Mighty Achilles the while to Boreas and Zephyr is praying, 
Pledging himself to observance due, and claims their assistance, 
That on Patroclus' pyre, which the mourning Greeks are sur- 
rounding, ( 2I °) 
All their blasts may be poured, and its flames to the skies may 
be wafted." 
Thus having spoken away she flew. Then forth at her bidding 
Rushed both winds with a scream, the clouds wild drifting before them. 



32 



5 oo THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXIII. 

Down on the sea with a sweep they came. High mounted the billows 
Under their blast, and it howled through the fertile region of Troia : 
Then on the pile it burst. Loud roared the flames in their fury. 
All through the live-long night on the pyre their force they con- 
centered, 
Raging and tossing the flames on high. All night did Achilles 
Sprinkle the ground with wine from a two-handled goblet, replenished 
Oft from a golden urn, and ceaseless called on Patroclus, (220) 
Ever with tears and groans invoking the shade of his comrade. 
And as a father who burns the remains of his offspring, a bridegroom, 
Newly wed, whose loss hath crushed down his parents with sorrow. 
So did Achilles mourn as he burned the bones of Patroclus, 
Grov'ling on earth at the foot of the pyre, and bitterly moaning. 
But when the morning-star arose, the herald of daybreak, 
Followed by dawn, diffusing its saffron light o'er the ocean, 
Languidly burned the pyre, and its bright flame sank to a flicker. 
Homeward, their task performed, the winds retired; in their passage 
Chafing the Thracian seas into roaring billows beneath them. (230) 

Wearied and worn at length from the pile withdrawing, Peleides 
Flung himself down, and partook the sweet refreshment of slumber, 
Soon interrupted: for now the Greeks round Atreides assembling, 
All in a body approached, and their noise and tumult awoke him. 
Up to his feet he started at once, and thus he addressed them : 
" Glorious Atreides ! and you, ye foremost chiefs of the Grecians ! 
First be our care with purple wine to extinguish the embers 
All, wheresoe'er the fire hath raged : then, searching among them, 
Gather the whitened bones of Patroclus, son of Mencetius, 
Picking them carefully out. 'Twill be no hard task to select 
them ; (240) 

All in the midst of the pyre they lie, apart from the others, 
Mingled promiscuous, of horses and men piled up on its borders. 
These in a golden vase and in cauls enwrapped will we treasure, 
Waiting the day of mine own descent to the mansion of Hades. 
No vast tomb will we now construe!;. Enough for the present, 
Such as a while may suffice. The time will come when Achaia, 
After my fall, at the ships shall raise some worthier structure, 



Book XXIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 501 

Over the ashes of both, to record the fame of her heroes. 

Thus he spake, and the Greeks attentive heard and obeyed him. 
First they extinguished with wine the flames that flickering hov- 
ered . ( 2 5°) 
Yet o'er the pyre by fits. Deep sank the smouldering embers. 
AYeeping they gathered the whitened bones of their gentle companion 
Into a golden vase, and in twofold cauls they enwrapped them. 
This to the tents they bore, in a snow-white mantling of linen, 
Piously veiled : then marked out the tomb, and deep its foundations 
Scooped round the pyre, and heaped up the earth to a mound in the 

centre : 
Then, when the work was complete, departed. Forthwith Achilles 
Ranged the warriors in one vast ring, and made them be seated. 
Then to the ships for prizes sent — for vases and tripods, 
Gen' rous steeds, and mules, and strong laborious oxen, (260) 

Delicate-waisted slaves, and huge grey masses of iron. 
First for a chariot-race five prizes rich he allotted ; 
Perfect in every female art a beauteous damsel, 
And of full two-and-twenty measures a tripod with handles ; 
These to reward the first, A mare for the second in order, 
Six years old, unbroken, in foal with a mule, was provided ; 
Then, for the third in the race a vase, four measures containing, 
Beauteous, as yet untouched by fire, bright polish'd and glancing ; 
Next, for the fourth reserved two talents of gold were appointed ; 
And, for the fifth, unsoiled by smoke, a two-handled goblet. (270) 
Forth stood Achilles erect, and thus addressed the assembly: 
"Glorious Atreides ! and you, ye bright-greaved sons of Achaia ! 
Here in the ring for our first-rate charioteers are the prizes. 
Could I myself in the race contend, on some other occasion 
Victor assured, the first reward to my tents I should cany. 
All of you know, my steeds transcend all others in fleetness, 
Come of immortal strain ; by Poseidon giv'n to my father 
Peleus, which as a parting gift to myself he presented ; 
Yet I restrain those fiery steeds, nor myself will adventure. 
Him have they lost whose gentle strength was accustomed to 
guide them, (280) 



502 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIII. 



Him, by whose hand full oft their manes with oil were anointed, 
Shining and smooth, from the limpid stream just fresh. And they 

mourn him, 
Hanging their heads and trailing their manes on the ground in their 

sorrow. 
Therefore, ye chiefs, advance, and let each lead forth for the contest 
Horses aiid car, whoe'er can confide, of the sons of Achaia, 
Both in his steeds and the firm-compa<5ted build of his chariot." 

Thus Peleides, and many a chieftain rose at his challenge. 
Foremost by far of them all upsprang the royal Eumelus, 
Son of Admetus, famed through Greece for his chariots and horses. 
Great Diomedes, Tydeus' son, was next to come forward, ( 2 9°) 
Yoked to whose car were those Troian steeds he had seized 

from JEneas, 
When from his rage Apollo alone could have rescued their master. 
Atreus' fair-haired son, Menelaiis, heaven-descended, 
Next for the race prepared, and fleet and renowned were his coursers, 
^Ethe, great Agamemnon's mare, and the stallion Podargus. 
Her, Echepolus, Anchises' son, to King Agamemnon 
Sent as a gift, when, unwilling to march to the conquest of Ilion, 
In his wide Sicyan realm he lingered, in idle enjoyment, 
Pamfiring himself with the wealth which Zeus had showered upon him. 
Ever prepared for the race this mare had he yoked to his chariot. (300) 
Next, to his car two long-maned steeds Antilochus harnessed, 
(Noble son of a royal sire, old Nelean Nestor !) 
Swift were the coursers of Pylian breed that, yoked to his chariot, 
Whirled it along. His father approached, and, standing beside him, 
Prudent advice suggested to one not wanting in shrewdness : 
"Young as thou art, my son, of a truth both Zeus and Poseidon 
Love thee well, and have giv'n thee skill in the guidance of chariots, 
And in the race : nor in aught dost thou stand in need of instruction. 
Deftly thou know'st thy car round the goal to wheel ; but thy horses 
Somewhat in fleetness lack, and make me fear for the issue. (3 10 ) 
Fleeter than thine, no doubt, are thy rivals' steeds ; but their drivers 
Far less expert than thyself — inferior in skill and in judgement j 
Therefore be cool, my son, and neglecl no point of advantage. 



Book XXIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 503 

Summon up all thy skill, lest the nobler prizes escape thee ; 
Tis but by skill, not strength, that the carver surpasses the woodman ; 
Knowledge and skill the pilot guide o'er the dark-rolling ocean, 
Keeping his ship in her course through the winds and waves that assail 

her. 
Races from rivals are won no less by skill than by swiftness. 
He who relies alone on his coursers' speed, and his chariot 
Wild o'er the plain careering, much ground will lose, and be 

hurried (3 20 ) 

Hither and thither, nor keep to the track, nor rein in his horses. 
Who knows better husbands their strength, though his steeds may be 

slower. 
Ever the goal he keeps in view, and, closely approaching, 
Seizes the moment to tighten the leathern reins and to turn it, 
Holding a steady course, with an eye to the chariot before him. 
Now will I shew thee the goal. Thou canst not miss, nor mistake it. 
Seest thou yon old dry stump of a fathom's length which, uninjured 
Stands by weather or time, for of oak it is made or of larch-wood : 
Two white stones upon either hand stand leaning against it, 
Where the way narrows, and round it the course runs smoothly and 

level, (330) 

Placed there of old, a memorial mark of some warrior departed, 
Or as a goal perchance on some former occasion erected, 
Now once more to the selfsame use by Achilles appointed ? 
Hugging it close, round this direct thy car and thy coursers, 
Leaning thy weight some whit to the left on the seat of the chariot, 
That way to sway its course : meanwhile the steed on thy right hand 
Urge with thy goad and thy voice, and cease with the rein to confine 

him, 
Keeping the left-hand horse well home to the goal, and approaching 
Just so close that the nave of thy chariot-wheel may avoid it, 
Turning it sharp. But beware lest it touch the stone, and thy 

chariot (34°) 

Leaving o'erturned and broken, thy steeds disabled and wounded, 
Ho7ne thou shouldst slink, a reproach to thyself, a joy to thy rivals. 
Therefore, my son, once more, keep well on thy guard, and be cautious, 



5°4 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIII. 



But if thou once succeed in turning the goal at advantage, 
Then push on • for no one will pass thee then or o'ertake thee, 
Not though a courser he drive more fleet than the noble Arion, 
Royal Adrastus' steed, of immortal race, or the horses 
Bred by Laomedon's self in the fertile pastures of Troia." 

Thus upon every point his son being sagely admonished, 
Back to his seat returned the aged offspring of Neleus. (35°) 

Merion, the fifth, meanwhile had harnessed his steeds and was ready. 
Up on their cars they sprang, and cast in the lots for their places. 
These in a casque Achilles shook. To Antilochus foremost 
Leaped forth his lot ; then appeared the token of royal Eumelus j 
After him Atreus' son, the spear-renowned Menelaiis. 
Merion's lot came next, and last to the noble Tydeides, 
Bravest of all, was his place assigned in the line of the chariots. 
Ranged for the start they stood. To the goal then pointed Achilles, 
Far on the level plain • and Phoenix, his father's attendant, 
Godlike man, to observe the race, and report with exactness (360) 
All that occurred, he sent ; on his age and experience relying. 

All now at once o'er their steeds their scourges raised, and their 

shoulders 
Beat with the reins, and urged them on with cries and with cheering 
Ceaseless. Away from the ships o'er the plain they swept like a 

whirlwind. 
High in. the air from beneath the chests of the labouring coursers 
Up rose the trampled dust like some dense cloud. O'er their 

shoulders 
Streamed out behind as they flew their floating manes on the breezes. 
Rattling now o'er the clod-strown earth were hurried the chariots : 
Now through the air they bounded aloft. Erect stood the drivers 
High o'er the cars, and with beating hearts thick panting for 

via'ry, (370) 

Each with encouraging shouts cheered on his steeds : and the 

coursers 
Eagerly scour'd o'er the field, and whirled up the dust from beneath 

them. 
Now had they turned the goal at the farthest point, and were tracing 



Book XXIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 505 

Back to the sea their course. Then came the stress and the trial ; 
Straining each nerve they put forth all their strength : and before them 
Shot forth a-head the swift-footed mares of the grandson of Pheres, 
Followed up close by the Troian stallions of brave Diomedes, 
Hardly a space between. So near they came, you had thought them 
Ever in act of mounting behind on the car of Eumelus ; 
Warm came panting their breath on his back and the breadth of his 

shoulders, (3 So) 

While as they flew their uptossed heads seemed hanging above him. 
Then had he passed him by, or at least the prize had divided : 
Phoebus Apollo, however, incensed at heart with Tydeides, 
Struck from his powerless hand the broidered scourge which he 

fioiwished. 
Tears of wrath and bitter despite then burst from his eyelids, 
Seeing his rival's car swift borne along, and his own steeds 
Flagging for want of the means with goad and whip to excite them. 
Soon to his aid, however, Athene came, who had noticed 
This ill turn on her hero by Phoebus performed. She o'ertook him, 
And to his hand the scourge restored, and strengthened his horses. (390) 
Then to the car of Admetus' son she flew, and in anger 
Shattered its yoke, with immortal force. Off started the coursers, 
Dashing apart, and between them the pole struck ground and was broken. 
Prostrate in front of the wheel was Eumelus hurled from his chariot. 
Battered he lay and torn; his arms, his mouth, and his nostrils; 
Bruised was his forehead across the brows. Fast gathering tear-drops 
Darkened his sight, and his liquid voice was choked in its utt'rance. 
Past him Tydeides flew, borne on by the speed of his horses, 
Leaving all others far behind, for Pallas Athene 
Filled them with spirit and strength, and crowned their driver with 

glory. (400) 

Areus' son came next, the fair-hair d chief Menelaiis. 
Thus then Antilochus shouted, upbraiding the steeds of his father : 
"Now for a desperate push, with all the speed ye can summon; 
Not against brave Tydeides' steeds do I claim your exertions, 
They by Athene's grace are with strength endued and with swiftness. 
Victory sure is theirs, and glory will light on their master. 



506 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIII. 



Tis with Atreides' steeds ye have now to contend and o'ertake them. 
Quick then ! Suffer not y£the', a mare, to shame and disgrace you. 
Why should you let yourselves be outrun? Ye noblest of coursers! 
Hear what I say, and what, be assured, will be fully accom- 
plished: (4 IQ ) 
Nurture and care henceforth from the shepherd and guide of his 

people, 
Nestor, cease to expect : with the edge of the sword will he slay you. 
If but some paltry prize we win, neglectful and careless. 
Quick then! I say, and follow them up. Make haste to o'ertake 

them. 
I myself will exert my skill, and watch my occasion. 
There in yon narrow way will I pass, nor let them escape me." 

Thus he spake, and his steeds aroused by the threats of their 
master, 
Mended their pace for a time, till the narrow pass that he spake of 
Down in the hollow way, came full in view of the warrior : 
Where, in a cleft of the plain, scooped out by the rains of the 
winter, (420) 

Broken away was the road, and the ground deep furrowed with gullies. 
Cautiously there Menelaiis drove, to avoid a collision. 
Not so Antilochus. Turning his steeds aside, and inclining 
Out of the regular track, some space abreast of the others 
Drove he amain. Menelaiis shrank, and called to his rival : 
" Rashly, — madly thou driv'st, Antilochus! Rein in thy horses! 
Here is the road too narrow to pass. Anon 'twill be broader. 
Have then a care lest thou crush us both, running foul of my chariot." 
Nought did Antilochus heed, but all the faster his horses 
Urged on with whip and goad, nor seemed to hear the re- 
monstrance. (43°) 
Far as a quoit can fly, by the stalwart arm of the athlete 
Hurled as a trial of strength, when youths for the prize are contending, 
So far abreast they ran. Then relaxed his speed Menelaiis, 
And of his own accord gave way, nor urged on his horses, 
Dreading, in that wild rush, that their steeds, becoming entangled, 
Both fair cars should o'erturn ; and, stretched in the dust by each other, 



Book XXI 1 1.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 507 

Foul defeat and disgrace should end their struggle for vict'ry. 
Chidingly thus then spake that fair-hair'd chief Menelaiis : 
"No man beside thyself on so mad an attempt would have ventured. 
Falsely, Antilochus, call thee wise the Greeks thy companions ! (440) 
Off with thee ! think not however, unsworn, to claim thine advantage." 
This to Antilochus : then to his steeds he turned and addressed them : 
"Loiter not ! let not your hearts be grieved. Push forward with spirit, 
Sooner the feet will falter and fail of those that surpassed you, 
Than shall your own. They are both distressed, and their freshness 

is over." 
Thus he spake, and, dreading the chiding voice of their master, 
Quick'ning their pace they flew, and soon the lost ground had re- 
covered. 
All in a cirque the Greeks were ranged and witnessed the racing. 
Pleased they had seen them scouring the dusty plain, and were watching 
Now their return. Idomeneus first perceived them advancing, (450) 
High on a lofty point where he sate, on the skirts of the circus. 
Him in the front he knew, though far, by the voice of his cheering, 
And by a steed that caught his eye, distinguished for beauty, 
Chestnut his coat in ev'ry part, save that bright on his forehead 
Shone forth a silvery spot, like a star, or the moon in her glory. 
Up rose the Cretan king, and spake this word to the Argives : 
" Friends and rulers of Greece ! her leaders in war and in council, 
Am I the first to know those steeds ? or do ye too observe it ? 
Other they seem than those which took the lead when they started; 
Different too is their charioteer. Those mares of Eumelus (460) 
Ever were best and first. Sure, some mishap hath befall'n them! 
Safe, and leading the race, when turning the goal I beheld them, 
Now when I send my gaze o'er the Troian plain, and on all sides 
Narrowly search, those steeds, that car, can I nowhere discover. 
Either its driver hath dropped the reins, or in turning the corner 
Failed to avoid the goal, or suffered his horses to wander. 
Tossed from his car perchance he lies, and the chariot is shattered, 
While those infuriate mares have burst their harness and bolted. 
Stand up. Look for yourselves: for my eyes perchance have 
deceived me, 



508 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXIII. 

Not discerning so well. But the foremost looks like a chieftain, (470) 
Known to us all of ^Etolian race, a ruler among us, 
Horse-taming Tydeus' mighty son, the brave Diomedes." 
Thus then sharply rebuked him the swift Oilean Aias : 
"Why wilt thou prate thus simply, Idomeneus? There thou may'st 

see them, 
Those same prancing mares, o'er the field advancing towards us. 
Not so much the youngest art thou of the sons of Achaia, 
Nor are those eyes looking out from thy head the sharpest of organs. 
Ever at random thou talk'st. But now thy prattle we heed not. 
Clearer of sight and abler to judge there are others beside thee. 
There are Eumelus' steeds in front of all, as at starting : (480) 
There is Eumelus holding the reins and guiding the chariot." 
Angrily then the Cretan prince this answer returned him : 
"Aias ! re viler ! good at abuse alone, but in all things 
Else inferior to all, for insulting and rude is thy nature : 
Come now ! stakes let us pledge — a tripod fair, or a goblet. 
Atreus' son, Agamemnon himself, shall pronounce the decision, 
Which of the cars is first, and make thee pay for thy rudeness." 
Thus he spake; and, to wrath aroused, Oilean Aias 
Would have replied to the king in words injurious and bitter, 
And in a long and fierce dispute the matter had ended, (49°) 

Had not Achilles aris'n and thus, interposing, addressed them : 
"Aias ! Idomeneus ! cease from reproach and angry rejoinder, 
Such as become not chiefs like you. Yourselves would condemn 

them 
If among others ye heard such harsh reproof and invective. 
Take your seats in the ring. Look out, and mark their arrival; 
Soon will you see them yourselves come rushing in, for the vict'ry 
Striving amain; and yourselves will judge (no need of an umpire), 
Which of the Grecians' cars is first, and which is the second." 
Thus while he spake Tydeides approached, dashing in at the gallop, 
Fiercely plying the scourge round his shoulders whirled, and the 

horses (5°°) 

Rose at each bound in the air as they swept along, and in hand- 
fuls 



Book XXIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER, 509 

Up flew the dust, begriming the face and form of the driver. 
Blazing with tin and with gold the car came rolling behind them, 
Close on their steps ; so lightly borne that hardly its wheel-tires 
Left in the dust their trace. Like a flight it seemed, as the coursers 
Darted along, and regained the point whence first they departed. 

Now in the midst of the ring was the chariot stayed. In a torrent 
Down poured the sweat on the ground from the necks and chests of 

the horses. 
Springing from off the resplendent car Tydeides alighted, 
Leaning his scourge against the yoke. His gallant attendant, (510) 
Sthenelus, stood prepared, and at once laid claim to the prizes ; 
Forthwith the damsel dispatched to the tents in charge of his comrades ; 
Sent too the tripod ; himself the steeds unyoked from the chariot. 

Now came Antilochus, driving the panting horses of Nestor, 
Who by his craft, and not their speed, had passed Menelaiis. 
Close behind Menelaiis himself followed swift on his traces, 
Barely such space between as divides the wheel from the courser, 
When at his utmost speed he whirls on his lord in a chariot 
Over the plain — when the hairs of his tail outstreaming behind him 
Graze on the tire of the wheel as they scour along o'er the 
country, (5 2 °) 

One in advance, the other behind, almost nothing between them : 
Hardly more was the space between that parted the rivals. 
Far as a quoit might fly was that space at first. Menelaiis 
This had already retrieved ; for fleeter and stronger than ever 
Still pushed on to the last that wortdrous mare of his brother's ; 
And would have once more ta'en the lead and passed her opponents, 
Had but a longer course afforded scope for her mettle. 

Merion next, Idomeneus' friend and faithful attendant, 
Far as a jav'lin's cast came lagging behind Menelaiis. 
Tardiest of all, though beauteous to view, were his steeds, and their 
driver (530) 

All unskilled in his craft, and unused to contend in the circus. 
Far in the rear of all came toiling the son of Admetus, 
Trailing his broken car, and driving his horses before him. 

Pitying his dismal plight, the godlike Achilles beheld him, 



510 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXIII. 

And to the front of the Greeks advancing, thus he addressed them : 

"Lo ! in what piteous case comes plodding the best of our racers ! 

Shall we not give him the second prize ? 'Twere but fitting and seemly. 

Tydeus' son must take the first ; for he fairly has won it." 

Thus he spake : and all applauding heard the proposal. 

Then had Eumelus the mare received, by acclaim of the 

Grecians, (54°) 

Had not Antilochus, Nestor's heroic son, interposing, 
Thus to Achilles appealed in behalf of justice and honour: 
"Shouldst thou persist in this, deep cause of complaint, O Achilles ! 
Then would be mine ; my prize shouldst thou take and give to another. 
What though that other be ever so skilled, though his chariot be 

shattered, 
Injured his steeds ? — To pray to the Gods no doubt he neglected. 
That had he done, not thus the last had we seen him arriving. 
But if thou pity his sad mishap, and love him so dearly, 
Gold in plenty and brass in thy tents are stored. Thou hast cattle, 
Beauteous captive maids, and prancing steeds, to select from. (550) 
Choosing from these, thou mayst give him a costlier prize and a fitter, 
Either hereafter, or now on the spot, that the Greeks may applaud 

thee. 
Her will I never resign. Be it known to whoever may touch her, 
First must he fight with me, and by arms obtain her possession." 
Thus he spake : and noble Achilles smiled and responded, 
Fav'ring Antilochus much, as a comrade dear and respected. 
Graciously therefoi'e he spake and this was the answer he made him : 
"Erin as thou, wilt, so be it, my friend ! From my treasures selected 
Some rich gift, as thou say'st, Eumelus to grace will I furnish. 
Let him accept the corslet I stripped from Asteropaeus, (5 60) 

Gorgeous, of solid brass, with a bead of tin round the margin, 
Artfully drawn. At a goodly price must its value be reckoned." 
Thus he spake : Automedon then, his faithful attendant, 
Sent to his tent, who the corslet brought, and laid it before him. 
This in Eumelus' hands he placed, who gladly received it. 
Now before all Menelaiis rose, much hurt and offended, 
And with Antilochus deeply wrath. Advancing, a herald 



Book XXIIL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 511 

Placed in his hands a sceptre, and signed to the Greeks to be silent' 
Then did the godlike chief these words address to his rival : 
"How could a man, reputed wise, commit such an outrage? (570) 
Casting so foul a slur on my skill, endang'ring my horses, 
Pushing thine own unfairly before them, far their inferiors ? 
Now then, ye chiefs of Greece ! her leaders in war and in council ! 
Judge without favour between us both ; for I would not that any 
Here of our mail-clad Greeks should hereafter blame me in this wise — 
— 'Foully, by force of lies, Menelaiis supplanted his rival, 
' Off from Antilochus bearing the prize, though his steeds were inferior ; 
1 What though in personal strength and skill, no doubt, he sur- 
passed him' — 
— Hear me propose a test, to which none, methinks, of the Argives, 
Aught will object or oppose, for all will acknowledge its justice. (580) 
Stand thou forward, Antilochus ! favoured of Zeus, and approaching, 
In the accustomed form for an oath, in front of thy horses, 
Holding the pliant lash in thine hands that served thee to drive them, 
Place thy hand on the steeds, and swear by earth-shaking Poseidon, 
That thou hadst nought unfair in thy thoughts when jostling my 

horses." 
Prudently then in gentle words Antilochus answered : 
"Let not the error of one so young too deeply offend thee — 
Thee, Menelaiis ! a prince, my superior in age and in station. 
Well thou knowest the rashness of youth, its proneness to error, 
Hasty and thoughtless ever in mind, unstable in counsel ; (59°) 

Bear with me then in thy heart. The mare will I readily yield thee, 
As I received, so take her, and aught beside, from my treasure 
(If thou desirest aught more rich, more rare) : I will add it, 
Rather than lose thy esteem, O prince ! and rather than forfeit 
Once and for ever a place in thy heart, and sin against Heaven." 

Thus spake the noble Nestor's son ; and with courteous demeanour, 
Leading the mare, in his hands he placed the rein. Through his bo- 
som 
Joy was diffused, as when copious dews descend on the harvests, 
What time the bristling ears stand parched and thirsting for moisture : 
Thus was thy heart with joy refreshed and cheered, Menelaiis! (600) 



512 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIII. 



Then replying, in cheerful and kindly words he addressed him : 
" Gladly, Antilochus ! now from my heart all feeling of anger 
Will I dismiss, for ne'er before wert thou wild or imprudent ; 
What though for once the rashness of youth have gained the as- 
cendant. 
Only forbear henceforth to circumvent thy superiors, 
Since not another Greek would so soon have obtained my forgiveness. 
Thou however hast toiled and suffered much in my quarrel, 
Thou and thy noble father, who fights in my cause, and thy brother. 
Take my forgiveness, freely granted as asked, and the steed too, 
Take, though my own by . right ; so that all may see Mene- 
laiis (610) 

Knows in his turn to yield, nor indulges in pride or resentment." 

Thus he spake, and the mare to Antilochus' friend, to Ndemon, 
Handed, to lead her away, and the vase in her stead he accepted. 
Merion, in order the fourth, two talents of gold for his guerdon, 
Duly received. Unclaimed remained the two-handed goblet, 
Fifth of the prizes proposed : and this to Nestor Achilles 
Bore, through all the assembled Greeks, and presenting address- 
ed him : 
" Nestor ! old and revered ! receive this token of friendship, 
Which of our dear Patroclus lost may serve to remind thee, 
Whom thou shalt never among us again behold. Uncontested (620) 
Take this prize : since now no more in the ring with the csestus 
Canst thou contend, nor in wrestling join, nor in hurling the jav'lin, 
Nor in the race : — for the burden of years weighs heavy upon thee." 

Ending, he placed in his hands the prize. With joy he received it; 
And in reply these words he promptly addressed to Achilles : 
" Only too true indeed, my son, are the words thou hast spoken. 
Vigour my tot f ring knees and swiftness my feet have forsaken ; 
Pliant no more, these arms hang listless down from my shoulders. 
Would I were young once more ! that again such force I could sum- 
mon 
As at th' Epeians' funeral games for their king, Amarynceus, (630) 
When at Buprasium his sons in their father's honour the prizes 
Staked. My equal was none among all the assembled Epeians, 



Book XXI IL] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 513 

All the ^Etolians fierce, and the youthful Pylian warriors. 
Brave Clytomedes, Enop's son, I quelled with the csestus; 
Wrestling, Ancaeus of Pleuron I threw, who accepted my challenge ; 
Swift as he was, Iphiclus I left behind in the foot-race; 
Far beyond Phyles I hurled the spear, and strong Polydorus. 
Only the sons of Actor surpassed my steeds in the circus. 
Eager to gain the highest prize and envying my prowess, 
Two against one (for twins they were) together they mounted, (640) 
One direcled the car, fast holding the reins, while the other, 
All to his guidance and skill entrusting, lashed on the horses. 
Such was I then. But now unto younger men I abandon 
All such exploits, and, yielding to time's irresistible pressure, 
Gladly retire from fields where once I ranked among heroes. 
Now proceed with the games, and complete the rites of thy comrade. 
This with delight I receive. As a heart-felt proof I accept it, 
That thy old friend thou hast ever in mind., nor neglecl'st an occasion 
Honour to shew to one whom the Greeks think worthy of honour. 
And may the Gods requite thy deed, and crown thee with bless- 
ings." (650) 
Thus he spake, and Peleides returned through the crowd of the 
Grecians, 
Pleased with the thanks and grateful praise of the offspring of Neleus, 
Back to his place : then set forth the stakes for champions in boxing. 
First, in the ring was bound a mule, full grown, and unbroken, 
Six years old and hard to tame and of stubborn endurance, 
While, to console the vanquished, a two-handled goblet he prof- 
fered. 
Standing erect, these words he next addressed to the Argives : 
"O ye Atreidae ! and all ye bright-greaved sons of Achaia ! 
Now let champions twain stand forward, masters of boxing, 
Ready to fight in the ring; and the man whom Phoebus Apollo (660) 
Favours, approved by all the Greeks, acknowledged as victor, 
Lead to his tent in triumph this useful mule ; and the vanquished, 
(Not to have fought in vain) shall receive this beauteous goblet." 

Scarce had he said, up started a huge and redoubtable champion, 
Panopeus' son, Epeius, of dread renown as a boxer. 



33 



5H 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[BpoK XXIII. 



Forward he strode, and laying his hand on the mule, he addressed them : 
"Let him stand forth whosoe'er hath courage to fight for the goblet ; 
As for the mule — he is mine I not a Greek among you can win him, 
Standing up fairly in fight : for here at least am I master ; 
What though in battle of less renown. ('Tis not for a mortal (670) 
All to attempt with success, and shine forth perfect in all things.) 
This I delare, and this will do. Whoe'er shall attempt it 
That man's flesh will I pound, and break each bone in his body. 
So let his friends be ready at hand and lend their assistance, 
Battei-ed and bruised to support and bear him away from the combat." 
Thus he spake. Dismayed were the Greeks and heard him in silence. 
Only Euryalus, god-like chief, uprose at his challenge, 
Son of Mecistheus was he, and grandson of royal Talaion, 
Who in the games at Thebae held, at CEdipus' fun'ral, (679) 

Challenged the brave Cadmeian youth, and fought them, and 

conquered. (680) 

Backed and prepared for the fight by spear-renowned Diomedes, 
Ardently hoping his friend's success, whom with words he encouraged, 
First round his waist a belt he clasped ; then his wrists he encircled, 
Wrapping them round with thongs of tough bull-hide, to protect them. 

Now for the fight when both were girt they entered the circus, 
Holding their stalwart arms advanced : then closed on each other, 
And in quick- answering blows and wards their fists were commingled ; 
Dire was the thud of their strokes and the crashing of jaws. From 

their members 
Down poured the sweat in streams. Then in rushed mighty Epeius, 
And as his foeman looked askance, such a buffet he dealt him, (690) 
Full- on the cheek, as hurled him to earth, for nought could resist it : 
And as some huge unwieldy fish with the spray by the north wind 
In the black surge tossed up, on the weedy shore lies flound'ring, 
Thus flung forth lay the stricken chief. But Epeius upraised him, 
Lifting him up on his legs ; and his comrades gath'ring around him, 
Led him from out the ring, his feet scarce dragging behind him, 
Vomiting gore, with his drooping head hanging down on his shoulder : 
Swooning and senseless at length they laid him down, and retiring, 
Some of them mournfully bore to his tent the two-handled goblet. 



Book XXIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 515 

Once more Peleides rose, and displayed to the sight of the 

Grecians (7°°) 

Stakes for a third great trial of strength and endurance, in wrestling. 
That for the winner proposed was a tripod, capacious and massive, 
Strong to endure the fire, for whose price twelve oxen were reckoned; 
While for the vanquished a female slave was placed in the circus, 
Skilled in domestic works. Four beeves were counted her value. 
Standing erect, these words Peleides addressed to the Argives : [706] 
"Stand forth ye who mean to contend for the prize of the wrestlers." 
Thus as he spake, upsprang the great Telamonian Aias; 
Next Odysseus, expert to seize each point of advantage. (7°9) 

Girding their loins they at once stepped forth in the midst of the circus, 
And in a moment their nervous anns were twined in each other, 
Leaning, their feet apart, like rafters they stood, which a builder 
Rears for some lofty roof, to baffle the force of the tempest. 
Wrenched with the strain their backs seemed ready to crack, in 

contortions 
Throw'n by their, pow'rful grasp, and the sweat rolled down them 

in torrents, 
Livid with blood, great wheals arose on their sides and their shoulders, 
Each fresh struggle leaving its mark. Yet still they contended, 
Both determined to win the prize, the beauteous tripod. 
Nor could Odysseus avail to trip or o'erturn his opponent, 
Neither could Aias prevail, so stoutly resisted Odysseus. (7 2 °) 

Long they strove till the Greeks at length grew weary and murmured. 
Thus then the great Telamonian chief bespake his opponent : 
" Noble son of Laertes ! most wise and inventive Odysseus ! 
Either lift me or I thee. Let Zeus determine between us." 
Thus he spake : then strained a7id heaved him up, but Odysseus 
Smote on his ham from behind, and his knees gave way, and he 

tumbled 
Flat on his back. Down fell they both, but Odysseus upon him 
Lay, on his chest, while the Greeks admiring gazed, and applauded. 
Next, in turn, Odysseus essayed to lift his opponent : 
Just could he move him from off the ground, but to raise him availed 

not; (73o) 



33—2 



5 i6 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIII. 



For, with the weight, his knees gave way, and falling together, 
Side by side they lay, with dust begrimed and disfigured. 
Rising, prepared for a fresh assault, they had wrestled a third time, 
Had not Achilles himself, interposing, ris'n and restrained them : 
" Cease to contend, and by further struggles to injure each other; 
Both are victorious, both shall with equal prizes be honoured. 
Now make way, and let others advance to share in our contests." 
Thus as he spake they, nought reluctant, heard and obeyed him ; 
Wiped off the dust, their mantles resumed, and rejoined the spectators : 
While for the rapid race Peleides set forth the prizes. (74°) 

First was produced a silver bowl six measures containing, 
Gorgeously chased, beyond compare surpassing in beauty 
All that had ever been wrought on earth. Sidonian artists 
Framed it with wondrous skill, and bold Phoenician advent'rers 
Bore it across the shadowy seas and presented to Thoas, 
Offr'ing it first in vain for sale in each port that they touched at. 
This by Eunelus Iason's son, Lycaon to ransom 
(Priam's unhappy son), had been sent in exchange to Patroclus, 
Now at the fun'ral games of his friend, set forth by Achilles, 
Him to reward who in fleetness of foot should distance his 
rivals. [75°] 

For the next prize an ox well fed and f&t for the slaughter; (750) 
Half a talent of gold must content the third, and the loser. 
Standing erect these words Peleides addressed to the Argives : 
"Stand forth, ye who mean to contend for a prize in the foot-race" 
Thus. he spake, and at once stood forth Oilean Aias, 
Wise Odysseus, and noble Antilochus, offspring of Nestor, L75^] 

Ranged in an even row for a start they stood, and Achilles (757) 

Marked out the course to be run, and shewed them the goal at a dis- 
tance. 
Oft they started. Oileus first sprang forth, and Odysseus 
Followed him close : as close to the breast of some diligent ma- 
tron (760) 
Flies the swift shuttle athwart the woof which her hands disentangle, 
Parting the threads of the web, and drawing them close to her bosom; 
Even so close upon Aias Odysseus pressed, and his footsteps 



Book XXIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 517 

Covered the prints of his rival's feet ere their dust had subsided ; 
While on his head he could feel the panting breath of Odysseus, 
Following swift behind. Then shouted aloud the Achaians, 
Cheering him on in his eager career and struggle for vicYry. 
Now they at length the end of their course approached, and 
Odysseus 
Thus in his heart a prayer addressed to blue-eyed Athene: 
".Hear me, O Goddess ! and aid my feet in this arduous contest." (770) 
Mentally thus he prayed, and his prayer reached Pallas Athene. 
Swiftness and vigour she sent. Each limb she supported and strength- 
ened; 
And, at the final burst, when in view of the prize they were straining, 
Aias in running slipped and fell (o'erthrown by Athene) 
Just on the spot where Achilles the oxen had slain to Patroclus, 
Where with their gore and their dung the ground was slipp'ry and 

treach'rous, 
Full on his face; and his nostrils and mouth were filled with the ordure. 
Swift rushing in, Odysseus seized the bowl; and his rival, 
Soon regaining his feet, came in for the ox, and beside him 
Taking his stand, with his hand he grasped his horn, and re- 
cov'ring (780) 

Breath, and sputt'ring the dirt from his mouth, addressed the Achaians : 
"Surely some envious pow'r must have tripped my feet. 'Twas the 

Goddess, 
Who, like a mother, is ever at hand to succour Odysseus.". 
Such his complaint : and the Greeks with a burst of laughter received it. 
Last came Antilochus in, and received the prize of the loser. 
Smiling he took it, and cheerfully thus addressed he the Argives : 
" Now is it clear, my friends, and you all must perceive, the immortals 
Shew their regard for age and espouse the cause of our seniors. 
Aias is somewhat of riper years than myself: but Odysseus 
Boasts of yet older date, and belongs to a past generation. (790) 
His is a green old age. Of all the host of the Argives 
Only Achilles himself in fleetness of foot can excel him." 
Thus he spake, and his praise fell sweet on the ear of Peleides, 
Who with complacent and courteous words addressed him in answer : 



$18 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIII. 



"Think not, Antilochus, praise from thee shall pass unrewarded, 
Take for thy share another half-talent of gold in addition." 
Then in his hand the gold he placed, and with joy he received it. 

Next, in the ring Peleides a long-forth-shadowing jav'lin 
Placed, for another prize, with a plumy casque and a falchion, 
Spoil of Sarpedon in battle slain by the ?night of Patroclus. (800) 

Standing erect, these words he addressed to the chiefs of the Argives : 
" Now let us try a fiercer ga?ne. Let two of our heroes, 
Donning their arms for the fight, and wielding their death-dealing 

weapons, 
Here in the sight of assembled Greece confront one another. 
Whoso the first shall stain with blood the fair skin of the other,. 
Pierce through his corslet or shield, and wound his flesh through 

his armour, 
Him with this Thracian sword will I grace, with scabbard of silver, 
Silver-hilted, the same that I took from Asteropaeus. 
Both shall receive those gorgeous arms in common between them, 
And in my tent a noble feast shall be giv'n in their honour." 
Thus as he spake uprose the great Telamonian Aias, ( 8l1 ) 

Up too arose great Tydeus' son, the brave Diomedes. 
Each retired from the ring to arm, apart from the other; 
Then came forward in arms complete and ready for combat, 
Fiercely glaring. Dread and amazement seized the spectators. 
Slowly at first they approached, but soon they rushed on each other, 
Thrice advancing fierce to the charge, thrice closing impetuous. 
Aias first through the smooth round orb of Diomed's buckler 
Pierced, but the weapon reached him not, being stopped by the 

corslet. 
Mighty Tydeides, holding the beaming point of his jav'lin, (820) 

High advanced o'er the huge shield's rim, sought the neck of his rival ; 
This the Greeks when in dread they beheld, for the life of the chieftain 
Trembling, implored them to cease, and divide the prizes between 

them. 
Yet by Achilles to Tydeus' son the sword was awarded, 
Who, with the scabbard and rich-wrought belt, from the hero 

received it. 



Book XXI H.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER, 519 

Next for a prize he produced a huge rough ingot of iron, 
Erst which Eetion's might was wont to poise, and to hurl it. 
Mighty Eetion slain by the swift-pursuing Achilles, 
This in the victors' ships was embarked, with all his possessions. 
Standing erect, the Prince these words addressed to the Grecians (830) 
"Stand forth all who in this rude trial of strength will adventure. 
Far as his fields may extend, how wide soe'er his possessions, 
This for the service of five revolving years will suffice him, 
This will be ready at hand, nor need his shepherd or ploughman 
Ever, so long as it lasts, to the town resort for his iron." 
Thus he spake. Up rose then the war-renowned Polypaetes, 
Up too arose the godlike strength of mighty Leonteus, 
Great Telamonian Aias himself, and noble Epeius. 
Ranged in order they stood. Then Epeius seized on the ingot, 
Swinging it round ; but it flew not far, and the Greeks in de- 
rision (840) 
Laughed. Leonteus next essayed, strong scion of Ares; 
Then with his stalwart strength the great Telamonian Aias 
Raised it, and hurled it far beyond the marks of the others. 
Last, Polypcetes came, and he snatched up the mass, and dispatched it. 
Far as a herdsman flings his crook, which whirling in circles 
Far in advance among the cows alights at a distance, 
So far, beyond, Polypcetes cast. Loud shouted the Argives; 
And from among th' applauding crowd advancing, his comrades 
Carried away to their hollow ships the gift of the monarch. 

Now for the archers were prizes set. Steel tempered for arrows, (850) 
Ponderous axes ten, and an equal number of hatchets. 
Far remote on the sandy shore a mast was erected, 
Borrowed from some dark ship, and a tim'rous dove at its summit 
Flutt'ring, was tied by the foot, with a slender band to confine her. 
This was the mark : " Whoe'er yon dove shall pierce with his arrow 
His be the axes. Hence let him take and home let him bear them ; 
Whoso, missing the bird, the string shall divide, as a marksman 
Lower must rank. Be his the inferior prize of the hatchets." 

Thus he spake. Then advanced the princely presence of Teucer, 
Merion too stood forth, Idomeneus' noble attendant. (860) 



$20 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIII. 



Into a brazen casque their lots they cast, and when shaken 
Teucer's first leaped forth: who at once, without loss of a moment, 
Sent forth his shaft with mighty force: nor vowed to Apollo 
Hecatombs pure of firstling lambs, to propitiate his favour. 
Wherefore the bird he missed — for Phcebus grudged him the honour; 
Close to her foot his arrow passed, and the string that confined her 
Severed with biting edge. Then freed at once from her fetters 
Off to the skies with beating wing she darted, and pendent 
Hung down the mast the band. With delight loud shouted the Ar- 

gives. 
Merion now, receiving the bow from the hand of his rival, (870) 
Eagerly seized it: but lingered long while pointing his arrow, 
Keeping his eyes on the bird, while he inly vowed to Apollo 
Hecatombs pure of firstling lambs, to propitiate his favour. 
Then, as beneath the clouds high wheeling in circle on circle 
Tow'ring she flew, below the wing with his arrow he pierced her; 
Straight through her body passed the shaft : then turned, and de- 
scending, 
Fixed in the ground at Merion's feet. The dove then alighting . 
Safe for a moment perched on the lofty mast, till exhausted, 
Drooping her neck and closing her flutt'ring wings, from her mem- 
bers 
Flitted the life away ; and borne by the wind to a distance, (880) 
Far from the mast she dropped, while the Greeks stood fixed in 

amazement. 
Merion the axes ten then claimed, and duly received them, 
Teucer the hatchets, and bore them off and stowed in his vessel. 

Next in the ring Peleides a long-forth-shadowing javelin 
Placed, and a vase with sculptured flow'rs by the flames unblacken'd 
Priced at an ox. To contend for these he summoned the spearmen. 
Then rose Atreides himself, the wide-ruling king Agamemnon ; 
Merion next, Idomeneus' bold and faithful attendant: 
Whom when he saw, he advanced, and courteous thus he addressed 

them : 
" Mighty Atreides, far before all thy worth we acknowledge ; (890) 
Prowess and strength are thine, and unmatched renown as a spearman. 



BOOK XXIII.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 521 

Deign uncontested the prize to accept, to thy merit accorded ; 
Bear it away to thy ships, and to Merion the spear be awarded : 
This if thou so permit, and approve the counsel I offer." 
Thus he spake. At once with his wish Agamemnon complying, 
Handed to Merion the spear, and the prize, so justly awarded, 
Placed in Talthybius the herald's hands to convey to the vessels. 



THE ILIAD. 

BOOK XXIV. 



BOOK THE TWENTY-FOURTH. 



Argument. 



A chilles continuing his outrages on Heclor's body, the gods deliberate, 
and Zeus direcls Thetis to intimate to her son his will that it should be 
restored for burial. Iris is sent to Priam, to encourage him to go in person, 
and ransom it. He goes. Hermes in the form of a Myrmidon warrior 
meets and conducls hi?n in safety to the tent of Achilles. Their interview. 
Achilles grants his prayer, and a truce of twelve days, to prepare for, 
and complete the funeral rites. Priam passes the night in the tent of 
Achilles, and at daybreak, warned by Hermes, sets forth with the body for 
Troy. Cassandra announces its arrival. The Trojans go forth to meet 
it. Andromache, Hecuba, and Helen lament over it. The funeral rites 
are performed, and the poem concludes. 



ILIAD. BOOK XXIV. 



TJ* NDED the rites. To their ships and tents the people departed, 
•^ Each to his own retiring ; and, mindful of rest and refreshment, 
Food they partook and the blessing of sweet repose. But Achilles 
Only retired to weep for his much-lov'd friend, nor did slumber, 
All-subduing, visit his eyes ; but hither and thither 
Tossing, he lay, recalling the valour and might of Patroclus — 
All their adventures together; — their hardships suffered in common; — 
Dangers by sea, and toils by land in the conflict of heroes. 
All these things when his thoughts recalled, warm tears in abundance 
Moistened his couch; now turning from side to side ; and reclining (10) 
Now supine on his back, now prone. Then restless, uprising, 
Moaning he wandered along the sands. Nor, wakeful, escaped him 
Earliest gleams of dawn, slow tinting the shore and the waters. 
Then to his chariot yoking again the steeds, and attaching 
Once more, behind, with thongs the prostrate body of Hector, 
Thrice he dragged it around the tomb of the son of Menoetms, 
Then to his tent returned and slept : first flinging the body 
Flat on its face in the dust; — there left to lie. But Apollo 
Kept defilement away; in his soul much pitying the hero, 
Dead as he was ; and o'er him his aegis of gold he extended, (20) 
Saving his limbs from bruise or wound when dragged by the chariot. 

Thus while with outrage foul he wreaked his vengeance on Hector, 
Pity and grief at the sight possessed the blessed immortals, 



526 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIV. 



Who to purloin the corpse invited the slayer of Argus. 
This was approved by all the rest; but Poseidon and Here 
Sanclioned it not, nor the blue-eyed maid; but refused their permission, 
Stern and persistent in hate : for Troy from the first they detested, 
Priam and all his race, for the crime and madness of Paris, 
When in his woodland home those two great Pow'rs he insulted, 
Slighting their charms for hers to his lustful passions who pandered. (30) 
But when the twelfth returning dawn enlightened Olympus, 
Phoebus endured that sight no more, but addressed the immortals : 
"Cruel, unjust in this are ye all, ye Gods! Did not Hector 
Ever before your shrines the thighs of lambs and of oxen 
Burn ? and ye still refuse his remains to rescue from outrage; 
Give them again to the sight of his longing wife, of his mother, 
Priam his wretched father, his infant child, and his people, 
Funeral rites to perform, and with sacred fires to consume them ! 
Why will ye favour thus, ye Gods ! infuriate Achilles, 
One in whose soul is no sense of right ? No thought of relenting (40) 
Ever in that stern breast finds place : intent, like a lion 
Always on savage deeds, who with headlong force in his fury 
Flings himself on the shepherds' flocks to tear and devour them. 
Thus hath Achilles cast all pity aside — hath forgotten 
Shame, that abounding source of good and of evil to mortals. 
What though a man by death from his dearest friend may be parted, 
What though he mourn the loss of a son belov'd, or a brother, 
Bitter at first though his tears, yet time assuages his sorrows. 
Fate, that inflicls the blow, gives the patient mind that endures it. 
Here we have one who, not co?itent with slaught'ring his foeman, (50) 
Day after day round the tomb of his friend continues to drag him. 
This is no lovely sight, ?io goodly and noble example! 
Let him beware, lest, brave as he is, he incur our displeasure, 
Outraging thus the senseless clay in his madness of passion." 

Fired at his words, indignant, the white-armed Hera responded : 
" Lord of the silver bow 1 such words were just and appropriate 
Couldst thou ascribe an equal worth to Achilles and Hector : 
Hector, a mortal, fed from the nurturing breast of a woman ; 
Mighty Achilles, goddess-born, whose mother I cherished, 



Book XXIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. § 527 

Reared, instructed, and gave to a noble mortal in wedlock, (60) 
Peleus, belov'd of all the Gods, most godlike in spirit. 
Have ye forgotten, ye Pow'rs, how ye all attended the bridal ? 
Thou too wert there with thy harp : thou friend of the wicked ! 

thou false one !" 
Then interposing, Zeus, the cloud-compeller, addressed her : 
" Hera, forbear ! nor vent thy rage before all the immortals. 
Equals in glory and rank those chiefs were not. Yet to Hector 
Far before all in Troy was our favour due, and protection : 
Chief, from myself; for ne'er did he fail in his gifts and his worship, 
Dear to my soul ; nor was e'er the accustomed feast at my altars 
Lacking — sweet incense or sav'ry steams : fit service, and welcome. (70) 
As for purloining the corse — I forbid it. Nor from Achilles 
Could we conceal such theft of his valiant foe ; for his mother 
Watches around him night and day, nor quits for an instant. 
One of you go, seek Thetis, and summon her here to my presence, 
Wholesome advice will I give her, and so shall she coimsel Achilles 
Ransom from Priam to take, and restore the body of Hector." 
Thus he spake. Then Iris arose, and, swift as the whirlwind, 
Sped with the message away. 'Twixt the rocks of Imbrus and Samos 
Half-way, plunged in the darksome sea, which, roaring, engulphed 

her, 
Headlong she shot, down, down in the deep abyss : as a plummet, (80) 
Dropped through the guiding horn of an ox, sinks down in the waters, 
Bearing insidious death to the hungry shoals of the fishes. 
Thetis she found in a hollow cave, where round her had gathered 
Many an ocean nymph. In their midst she sate and lamented, 
Weeping, the fate of her noble son who, far from his country, 
Soon before Troy must end his career of conquest and glory. 
Closely the goddess approaching, the swift-wing' d Iris addressed her : 
"Thetis, arise. High counsels of Zeus demand thy attendance." 
Then in her turn the silver-footed goddess responded : 
" What may import this call from so mighty a God ? in Olympus (90) 
All unfit to appear, I shrink : for grief overwhelms me. 
Yet will I come. No word from Zeus may pass unregarded." 
Thus as she spake a sable mantle enfolded the goddess 



5 28 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIV. 



Dark as the gloom of blackest night, or the shadows of Orcus. 
Iris swift as the winds before her went, and around them 
Shrank, making way as they passed, the curling waves of the Ocean. 
Swift up the shelving strand they swept, then aloft to Olympus 
Darted ; and there th' all-seeing king they found, and th' immortals 
All assembled, and ranged in solemn conclave around him. 
Pallas arose, and making room, by the throne of the Father (ioo) 
Placed her. Hera presented a golden and beauteous goblet, 
Soothing her grief with gentle words. She drank and returned it. 
Then in these words addressed her the Father of Gods and of mortals : 
"Thetis divine ! Full well I know how bitter a sorrow 
Weighs on thy heart, and pursues thee e'en to the courts of Olympus : 
Yet must thou learn the cause why thus I require thy attendance. 
Nine days now hath dissension prevailed among the immortals 
Touching the corse of Hector slain : and this their proposal — - 
Hermes to send, from Achilles, waster of towns, to purloin it. 
This I forbade, from regard to thy love for thy son, and his glory, (no) 
Best secured by subduing himself, and conqu'ring his passion. 
Go then at once to the camp : with Achilles reason, and tell him 
How to the gods he gives offence — how my anger is kindled 
Chief above all, when his frantic rage I behold — when I see him 
Thus detaining the corse of his foe ; nor accepting its ransom. 
Bid hi?n at once desist if he fear my wrath, and restore him. 
Iris the while to Priam, from me dispatched, shall persuade him 
Gifts to prepare, which may soften the stubborn heart of Achilles, 
And to his ships to repair in suppliant guise, to implore him." 

Thus he spake, and the silver-footed goddess obeyed him. (120) 
Down from Olympus' lofty crests she plunged on the instant, 
And at the tent of her son arrived. There sorr'wing she found him, 
Venting his grief in incessant moans. Around him his comrades 
Busied themselves in preparing a meal for their chief, and had 

slaughtered 
There in the tent a thick-fleeced sheep to furnish the banquet. 
Down sate his mother august beside him, and fondly caressing, 
Laid on his hand her own, and endearingly named, and bespoke him : 
"Wilt thou for ever, my son, let grief and bitter affliction 



Book XXIV.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



529 



Prey on thy heart, neglectful of needful food and of slumber ? 
Even the charms of thy lov'd Brise'is fail to delight thee! (130) 

Waste not the few short days thou hast yet to live : for, bethink thee, 
Fate which thou canst not resist, and death, stand close at thy elbow. 
Mark then my words. Attend ! from Zeus I bear thee a warning, 
That to the Gods thou giv'st offence — that his anger is kindled, 
Chief, above all, when thy frantic rage he beholds — when he sees thee 
Still detaining the corse of thy foe, and refusing to yield it : 
Wherefore he bids thee restore the dead, accepting the ransom." 
Then making answer replied the swift-pursuing Achilles : 
"So let it be. Let them take the body, and bring me the ransom, 
If, as thou say'st, Olympian Zeus in his wisdom ordains it." (140) 

Thus they conferred, amid the close ranged ships of the Grecians, 
Mother and son : and long they talked, consoling each other. 
Iris for Troy set forth with this command from Kronfon : 
"Haste thee away, swift Iris ! and, quitting the heights of Olympus, 
Seek out the wretched Priam in Troy, and this message deliver : 
Bid him prepare rich gifts which may soften the heart of Achilles, 
And to his ships in suppliant guise repair, and implore him. 
Forth let him fare alone, nor take one Trojan attendant. 
Only some herald, old and revered, should follow his chariot, 
Guiding another car, with mules, to convey to the city, (150) 

Slowly, the sad remains of the hero slain by Achilles. 
Nor for his life is cause for fear, nor aught to alarm him, 
Such and so sure a guide shall attend him — the slayer of Argus, 
Who to Achilles' presence and tent will safely conduct him. 
Once in his presence arrived, once safe in the tent of Achilles, 
Nor will he slay him himself, nor suffer another to harm him, 
Nor is he void of sense, nor utterly reckless, or brutal. 
Touched with compassion, his heart will melt when suppliant he sees 

him." 
Thus he spake, and darting down at the palace of Priam 
Iris arrived. There nought she found but sorrow and wailing — (160) 
There, in the porch, round the wretched father his sons were assembled, 
Seated, and drenching their robes with tears. In the midst was the 

old man, 



34 



530 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIV. 



Close in a mantle enwrapped that his form revealed ; and by handfuls 
Dirt on his head, his neck, and his hoary beard, was encrusted, 
Clutched with his hands and tossed aloft as he rolled on the pavement. 
Wide through the palace around resounded the cries of his daughters, 
And of the widowed brides of his slaughtered sons, who in battle, 
Many and brave, had fall'n, recalled to bitter remembrance. 
Iris approached, and in tones subdued and gentle, to Priam 
Thus her mission announced ; while the old King trembled with ter- 
ror : C 1 ? ) 
" Be not afraid, Dardanian Priam ! summon thy courage. 
Not to announce fresh woes, or to bring thee tidings of evil, 
Only for good I come. From Zeus I bear thee a message, 
Who from above looking down, with grace and with pity beholds thee. 
Ransom for He 61 or he bids thee take, and suppliant to offer 
Gifts, which may soothe the pride and soften the heart of Achilles. 
Forth must thou fare alone, nor take one Trojan attendant. 
Only some herald, old and revered, must follow thy chariot, 
Guiding another car with mules, to convey to the city, 
Slowly, the sad remains of the hero slain by Achilles. ( T 8o) 
Nor for thy life is cause for fear, nor aught to alarm thee ; 
Such and so sure a guide wilt thou find in the slayer of Argus, 
Who to Achilles' presence and tent will safely conduct thee. 
Once in his presence arrived, once safe in the tent of Achilles, 
Nor will he slay thee himself, nor suffer another to hurt thee. 
Nor is he void of sense, nor utterly reckless and brutal. 
Touched with compassion, his heart will melt when suppliant he 

sees thee." 
Thus her message delivered, the swift-wing'd Iris departed. 
Priam arose, and a mule-drawn car his sons he commanded 
Straight to prepare, and on it a coffer to bind. To his cham- 
ber, ('190) 
Then he repaired, of cedar built, high roofed, and with odours 
Richly perfumed, and filled with rare and beauteous treasures. 
Hecuba then, his much lov'd wife, he called, and addressed her : 
" Hear me, unhappy one ! Zeus from heav'n hath sent me a message. 
Forth to the Grecian camp he commands me to go, and to ransom 



Book XXIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 531 

Hector, and take such gifts as may soften the heart of Achilles. 
Tell me now, what in thy inmost heart thou think'st of the matter. 
Strong is the impulse I feel, and great my desire to attempt it ; 
Forth to fare, and to seek the ships and camp of the Grecians." 
Thus he spake ; and his wife with sobs this answer returned him : 
" Where is thy wisdom now, the foresight keen, and the prudence, (201) 
Which among nations afar, and thy subjects, made thee respected? 
How canst thou go alone to the hostile ships of the Grecians? 
How canst thou look on the face of him who murdered thy children, 
Many and brave ? a heart of steel must thou bear in thy bosom ! 
For, should that faithless wretch, that raw-devouring monster, 
Set but his eyes on thee, thou art lost. No touch of compassion, 
Rev'rence, or shame, would hold his hand. No ! here in our palace 
Give we our days to tears : since, ev'n in the hour that I bore him, 
Fate had entwined him round in her nascent thread, and had 
marked him ( 2I °) 

Prey for devouring dogs, far, far from his desolate parents, 
There in the power of that stern man. Oh ! would I could grapple 
Fast to his heart and tear it out with my teeth — a requital 
Fit, for his deeds against my son : whom not like a coward 
Flinching, he slew, but in arms for the deep-bosomed matrons 

of Troia, 
And for their husbands and sons : nor dreamed he of flight or 

evasion." 
Then in his turn that old and godlike monarch responded : 
" Cease to dissuade me. Cease, like an ill-omened bird in my palace, 
Woes to firedicl, and ill success; for thou shalt not withhold me. 
Had it been any other, a dweller on earth and a mortal, (220) 

Prophet, or priest, or seer, who had told me this, I had listened, 
All unbelieving, and turned away, rejecting his counsel. 
But since the heav'nly voice I have heard with mine ears, and the god- 
dess 
Face to face have beheld, I go : nor in vain hath she spoken. 
If at the ships of the bronze-mailed Greeks I be destined to perish, 
So let it be. Embracing the corse of my son shall he slay me, 
Easing my bursting heart of its pent-up grief on his bosom." 



34—2 



532 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIV. 



Thus he spake, and op'ning the beauteous lids of his coffers, 
Twelve wrought robes from his stores of exceeding richness and beauty, 
Tunics as many, and mantles twelve, of tapestried carpets (230) 

Twelve, and of shawls without fold an equal number, selected ; 
Weighed out next ' ten talents of gold, full weight ; in addition, 
Glittering tripods twain, and four great vases of silver; 
Crowning the gifts with a goblet of wondrous work, which the Thracians 
Gave him, when once on a mission sent : — a princely possession. 
Nor did he spare ev'n this, nor were aught in his palace too costly, 
Might he but ransom his much-lov'd son. From the porch which the 

Trojans 
Crowded, he drove them all away with abuse and reproaches : 
" Off with ye ! Hence ! ye wretches, ye worthless scum of the city ! 
Have ye not sorrows enough of your own that ye come to 

annoy me ? (240) 

Is it so trifling a grief in your sight, what angry Kronion 
Sends me, to lose my bravest son? You will all of you feel it, 
When ye shall fall an easier prey to the swords of the Argives, 
He, your defender, snatched away. Oh! first let me perish, 
First let me tread the downward path to the mansion of Hades 
Ere with these eyes I behold the ruin and spoil of the city." 
Thus while he spake, with his staff he drove them away. From his 

presence 
Slunk they, abashed at so vast a grief. On his sons then he turned 

him, 
Chiding, with bitter reproach: upon Helenus, Agathon, Paris, 
Pammon, Hippothoiis, great in the roar of battle Polites, (250) 
Dios the noble, Deiphobus, Antiphon, all were included : 
All those nine whom the sword had spared; and thus he reviled them : 
"Hither! make haste! ye shameful and lazy crew! would to heaven 
There at the ships, one and all, in Hector's stead ye had perished! 
Wretch that I am ! most wretched ! what sons were mine ! throughout 

Troia 
Noblest, bravest, and best! and now — not one of them left me! 
Mestor, how like a god! and Troilus, valiant in battle, 
Car-borne; Hector, a god among men: for who that beheld him, 



Book XXIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 533 

E'er would suppose him of mortal mould, the son of a mortal? 
These hath the pow'r of Ares destroyed. But you hath he left me, (260) 
Blots on my name : a knot of buffoons, deceivers, and dancers, 
Greedy devourers of lambs and kids, that ye wring from the people. 
Will ye make haste, I say ! and get ready the car, as T bade you ? 
Load on it all these things, and let me depart on my errand." 
Thus he spake, and his sons the chiding voice of their father 
Dreading, drew forth in the palace court the beauteous mule-wain 
Xew-built, strong in the wheels; then strapped upon it the coffer. 
Then from its peg the box-wood yoke for the mules they dismounted, 
All with bosses adorned, and with rings provided; and brought forth 
Next, with the yoke, the yoke-band strong. Nine cubits it 

measured. ( 2 7°) 

This round the end of the polished pole they bound, and adjusted, 
Fast'ning it well with a bolt and ring; then deftly they wound it 
Thrice each way round the boss of the yoke and the pole, and 

compactly 
Fastened it off, and turned in the end of the strap to secure it. 
Then from the chamber within they fetched the presents — the 

priceless 
Ransom of Hector's head, and stowed them safe in the coffer. 
Lastly the strong laborious mules, by the Mysians presented 
Freely to Priam, a valued gift, they led forth and harnessed, 
And for the chariot of Priam himself brought forth from the stable 
Steeds, which the old man's hand had supplied with food in their 

mangers. (280) 

These in the lofty palace-court the herald and Priam 
Harnessed, lending their hearts and hands to the bus'ness before them. 
Hecuba now approached, and, saddened with anxious forebodings, 
Held in her right hand forth a golden cup, for libation 
Due to the Gods, of the honey-sweet wine, ere they took their 

departure. 
Standing in front of the car, her husband she named, and addressed 

him: 
"Take it, and duly pour unto father Zeus, and beseech him 
Safe to permit thy return from the foe; if, despising my counsel 



534 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIV. 



Sorely against my will, thou art still determined to venture. 
Yet be thy prayer preferred to the cloud-compelling Kronion, (290) 
Him, who from Ida's heights surveys thy realm and thy city, 
That he will deign to send thee his bird, his favourite eagle, 
Mightiest of all the feathered race, that thine eyes may behold him, 
Soaring aloft on the right; and on that sure token relying 
Fearless then thou may'st shape thy course for the ships of the 

Grecians. 
But should allseeing Zeus withhold this sign, and his eagle 
Send not, not from my lips shalt thou hear one word of persuasion 
Forth to the Grecian ships to fare, be thou ever so eager." 
Then making answer in turn, the godlike Priam responded: 
"What thou proposest is surely right. Such advice I reject not. (300) 
Good is it ever to Zeus to pray, who is full of compassion." 

Thus spake the hoary sire, and gave a sign to the handmaid, 
Standing near, with basin and ewer in hand for ablution, 
Water pure on his hands to pour. He washed and was cleansed : 
Then from his spouse received the cup, ere he mounted his chariot, 
Standing erect in the midst of the court, and poured his libation, 
Raising his eyes to heav'n : and this the prayer that he offered : 
" Father Zeus ! most great, most glorious, throned upon Ida ! 
Grant me a kind reception and grace in the sight of Achilles ; 
And to confirm it, send me thy messenger-bird, thine eagle, (3 10 ) 
Mightiest of all the feathered race, that mine eyes may behold him, 
Soaring aloft on the right ; and on that sure token relying, 
Fearless, my course I may shape to the camp and ships of the 
Grecians." 

Such was his prayer : and it reached the favouring ear of Kronion. 
Forthwith his eagle he sent, the best and surest of omens, 
Dark wing'd, the mighty hunter, as Percnos known in Olympus. 
Wide as the folding doors of some lofty room in a palace 
Fly, when its wealthy owner withdraws their bolts to admit him, 
Such and so vast were his wide-out-spreading wings, as he hovered 
High on the right o'er the town, and they all rejoicing beheld him : 
Comfort and hope, by the sight inspir'd, reviving within them. (321) 

Now, without more delay, the old king mounted the chariot, 



Book XXIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 535 

Forth from the court it rolled, and beneath the echoing portal 
Out first passed the mules with the four-wheel'd wain, by Idaeus 
Driv'nj and behind them Priam himself his chariot and horses, 
Briskly along with uplifted scourge through the streets of the city, 
Guided. His sorrowing friends at a distance followed, lamenting, 
As for a man going forth to death, and courting destruction. 

Now when the town they left, and down to the plain were descend- 
ing, 
All his sons and his sons-in-law returned to the city. (33°) 

Journeying on, thenceforth alone, on the plain they proceeded, 
Not unobserved by all-seeing Zeus, who, moved with compassion, 
Hermes summoned, his much-lov'd son ; and thus he addressed him : 
" Hermes ! ever with mortals thou lov'st to mix and associate, 
List'ning to all their prayers, and mov'd by their joys and their sorrows: 
Go now, Priam conduct to the hollow ships of the Grecians, 
So that not one of them all may mark his course, or suspect him, 
Guiding him safe through the camp till he reach the tent of Achilles." 
Such his command. Not a moment delayed the slayer of Argus. 
Under his feet he bound those rich and marvellous sandals, (34°) 

Golden, ambrosial, borne by which he skims o'er the ocean, 
And o'er the boundless realms of earth, with the speed of the tempest ; 
Grasping his mighty rod, whose strange mysterious power 
Closes in sleep all mortal eyes or awakes at his pleasure. 
Thus for his errand equipped, down darted the slayer of Argus, 
Soon at the Hellespont broad he arrived and the region of Troia, 
There assuming the form of a noble youth, into manhood 
Ent'ring, in life's first bloom, and graceful in gait and demeanour. 

Now unto Ilus' lofty mound were they come, and a moment 
Rested the horses and mules, and allowed them drink from the river: 
Xow had already the twilight fair 11 and darkened 'the prospect, (351) 
When, in the gloom looking forth, the herald perceived from a distance 
Hermes approaching: alarmed, to Priam he called, and addressed him: 
"Dardanus' offspring, beware! here is that which calls for decision. 
Not far off a foe I perceive, who I fear will destroy us. 
Say, were it better to turn thy car and fly for our safety, 
Or at his feet to fall, and prostrate crave his compassion?" 



536 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIV. 



Thus he spake, but the old man stood, confounded with terror. 
Bristling arose each hair, and his bent knees quivered beneath him. 
Thus while amazed and astound he stood, up came the Pro- 
teaor, (360) 

Took the old king by the trembling hand, and kindly addressed him : 
" Where, my good father, thus with horses and mules art thou 

journeying, 
Now, at the fall of ambrosial night, when others are slumb'ring? 
Dost thou not fear the Greeks, who, breathing vengeance, are nigh thee : 
Hostile to all thy race, and detesting the name of a Trojan — 
Whom shouldst thou meet, thus carrying off that wainload of treasure 
All through the dark and dang'rous night, dost thou think they 

would spare thee ? 
Young thou art not thyself, nor would this old guide for protection 
Aught avail, should one of their host approach to assault thee. 
But be assured, I will harm thee not, nor in any wise suffer (370) 

Others do thee wrong : thou remind'st me so of my father." 
Thus in his turn the godlike Priam replied, and addressed him : 
" All thou hast said, my son, is true. Yet still, to protect me, 
Surely some god with pitying care his hand hath extended, 
Sending so gentle and kind a guide to meet and conduct me, 
Wondrously beauteous in feature and form. Nor less in thy bearing 
Shines forth a generous soul. A joy must thou be to thy parents." 

Hermes thus in his turn replied, the celestial envoy : 
"Just are thy words and fair, old man, and prudently spoken. 
Tell me however, and tell me true : for what art thou carrying, (380) 
Forth from the city to foreign lands, such costly possessions? 
Is it thy single wealth thou would'st save ? or, one among many, 
Com'st thou, deserting with all the rest thine Irian city, 
Dreading its fall; thy son being dead, its noble defender, 
Bravest of all, and a worthy match for the sons of Achaia?" 

Then in his turn the godlike Priam replied and addressed him : 
"Who then art thou, thou noble youth, and who were thy parents, 
Who of the death of my hapless son thus touchingly speakest?" 
Thus then the slayer of Argus replied, the celestial envoy : (389) 

"Much dost thou tempt me, O sire, to speak the praises of Hector. 



Book XXIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 537 

Oft with these eyes have I seen him engaged in glorious battle, 
What time he drove before him the Greeks to their ships, and, 

pursuing, 
Smote them with sword and spear. And we, meanwhile at a distance, 
Wond'ring gazed : for Achilles then, enraged with Atreides, 
Suffered us not in the fight to join, or lend them assistance. 
Him do I serve. One ship conveyed us hither from Phthia. 
Sprung from a Myrmidon race, my sire is the noble Poly6tor. 
Wealthy he is and advanced in years like, thyself. Of his offspring 
Youngest am I. There are six beside. Myself am the seventh. 
Lots were cast, and on me it fell to sail with Achilles. (400) 

Now am I sent from the ships to watch on the plain ; for at daybreak, 
Once more in arms the keen-eyed Greeks will assault your defences. 
Chafed with their long inaclion impatient they sit, and their leaders 
Scarce can their ardour restrain, and their eager longing for battle." 
Then in his turn the godlike Priam replied, and addressed him : 
" If thou be really one of Achilles' train, thou canst tell me — 
(And / beseech thee, declare to me all the truth, nor disguise it) 
Whether the corse of my son be still at the ships, or Achilles 
Piecemeal hath hewn, and cast to his dogs to tear and devour it?" 

Thus then the slayer of Argus replied, the celestial envoy: (410) 
" Neither the dogs nor birds of the air have ventured to touch it. 
There at the tent he still remains by the ship of Achilles, 
Fresh as in life : though twelve returning dawns have arisen 
Since he hath lain there, uncorrupt. No worm hath defiled him, 
Such as consume the remains of those who perish in battle. 
He, as his wont hath been, with the earliest glimpse of the twilight, 
Ruthless, will drag the corse round the tomb of his buried companion. 
Yet he defiles him not. Approaching, still thou wouldst find him 
Fresh as the morning dew ; most strange to behold. From about him 
All the blood hath been cleansed. No foulness is there. On his 
person (420) 

Every wound is healed : yet with many a spear did they pierce him ! 
Such for thy noble son is the care of the blessed immortals : 
Such their regard for the dead, whom living they loved for his virtues." 

Thus he spake, and rejoicing at heart old Priam responded : 



538 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXIV. 



"See, my child, how good it is to pay to th' immortals 
Honours and offrings due j for ne'er did my son in his palace 
Ever forget or neglect the gods who dwell in Olympus : 
Wherefore in death itself they bear him in mind, and protect him. 
Now at my hands I pray thee accept this beauteous goblet. 
Keep me from harm; and hence (under Heav'n's good favour) 
conduct me, (43°) 

Safe on my way, till I reach, by thy aid, the tent of Achilles." 
Promptly replying, thus rejoined the slayer of Argus : 
" Fain would'st thou tempt me, reverend sire ! but shalt not persuade me, 
Young though I am, to accept thy gifts, unknown to Achilles. 
Him have I much in dread, and should hold it shameful to rob him, 
Nor do I dare : for mischief hereafter would surely befall me. 
Yet will I be thy guide. Most carefully even to Argos 
Would I conduct thee ; by sea or by land would watch o'er thy safety. 
Few would be found to attack thee despising such a protector." 
Thus spake the helpful god : with a bound then leaped on the chariot, 
Deftly seizing the reins and the scourge, and lashed on the 
horses ; (44 1) 

Them and the mules with spirit inspiring and strength for the 
journey. 
Now had they reached the Grecian lines, the trench and the 
rampart, 
Busily where for their ev'ning meal the guards were preparing, 
When upon all deep sleep there fell, by the slayer of Argus 
Poured on their lids. Wide flew the gates, unbarred and unbolted. 
In roll'd, with Priam, the car, and the costly gifts .on the mulewain. 
Thus they at length arrived at the lofty tent of Achilles, 
Which for the use of their prince the Myrmidon host had constructed, 
Strong fir-posts had they hewn and infixed, for the walls; and 
upon them (45°) 

Reared a thick roof of thatch, with reeds mown down in the marshes. 
Round it an ample court they enclosed ; and planted, to fence it, 
Huge palisades. With a single beam was fastened the postern, 
Massive and vast. To uprear that bar three sons of Achaia 
Hardly availed, and three that enormous bolt to unfasten, 



Book XXIV.] 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



539 



Men like the rest of the Greeks : though Achilles easily raised it. 
Hermes the gate unbarred, and the old king entered the precinct. 
Then too the gifts intended for Peleus' son were admitted. 

Now from the car dismounted the god, and Priam accosted: 
"Priam, attend! An immortal God hath been thy companion, (460) 
Hermes, sent by my Father Zeus to attend and conduct thee. 
Now must I leave thee, and back return ; for not to Achilles 
Must I appear revealed. Unfitting it were and unseemly 
Openly thus for a God to be seen assisting a mortal. 
Enter the tent, and embrace the knees of the offspring of Peleus. 
Then, by his father revered, by his fair-hair'd mother, adjure him, 
And by his infant son : for so shalt thou move his compassion." 

Hermes thus: and away, to the lofty realms of Olympus, 
Darted, and disappeared. From the car then Priam dismounted, 
And while Idaeus remained in the court behind, in attendance, 
Holding the horses and mules, at once to the tent of Achilles (471) 
Passed. The belov'd of Zeus he found within^ who was seated, 
Musing in mournful thought, and apart stood rang'd his attendants. 
Alcimus, scion of Mars, alone, and Automedon near him, 
Minist'ring stood. The table remained undrawn : for but newly 
Food and drink had he ta'en, and his joyless meal had concluded. 
All unperceived by these the monarch came, and approaching, 
Flung himself down at his feet and embraced the knees of Achilles, 
Kissing those dread and murderous hands which had slaughtered his 

children. 
As when some conscience-stricken wretch, just fresh from a murder, 
Flies to a foreign land, and in some conspicuous mansion (481) 
Refuge claims, its inmates aghast behold his arrival : 
Such the dismayed surprise of Achilles, Priam beholding, 
Such the amaze of those around, as they looked at each other, 
While at his feet illustrious Priam preferred his petition : 
" Godlike Achilles ! look upon me, and think of thy father, 
Far away, on the threshold of age and broken by sorrow : 
Fancy thou seest him feeble, oppressed by the neighbours around him, 
No protector at hand, no saviour from war and destruction. 
Yet when he hears his son still lives, fresh joy in his bosom (49°) 



5-P 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIV. 



Springs, and the hope day after day renewed, to behold thee, 
Victor from Troy, restored to his arms and strong to avenge him. 
Wretched beyond all mortals am I, whose sons were the bravest 
Troy's wide realm hath beheld — and of these not one have I left me. 
Fifty were mine when first the Greeks our city assaulted : 
Nineteen to one fair queen were born, the noblest and dearest; 
All the rest to the beauteous wives who dwell in my palace. 
Ares insatiate hath swept them off — so brave and so many. 
Hector, my only hope, ourselves' and our city's defender, 
Him hast thou slain, contending bravely in arms for his 
country. (5°°) 

'Tis for his sake that thus I come to the ships of the Grecians, 
Begging his corse at thy feet, and a priceless ransom I bring thee. 
Have respect for the Gods, O Achilles ! pity my mis'ry ! 
Think of thy father, my equal in birth, inferior in sorrows. 
Have I not borne what no .dweller on earth before me hath suffered ? 
Have I not pressed to my lips the hand that slaughtered my children ?" 

Tears to the eyes of Achilles rose at the thought of his father. 
Laying his hand on the old man's arm he gently removed him. 
Sad recollections o'ercame them both — one, weeping for Hector 
Unrestrainedly, sank on the earth at the feet of Achilles. (510) 
He on his part for his father wept — then grief for Patroclus 
Prompted his tears : and groaning arose, and sobs, through the 
chamber. 

Godlike Achilles, soon as his burst of emotion was over, 
And his strong heart and frame, relieved, had resumed their 

composure, 
Rose from his seat, and extending his hand, the suppliant monarch 
Raised : for his hoary head and beard much moved his compassion. 
Then, in consoling words and in gentlest accents, addressed him : 
"O most unhappy! grievous indeed are the woes thou hast suffered ! 
How couldst thou dare alone to approach the ships of the Grecians ? 
How endure to confront the man who so many and valiant (520) 
Sons of thine hath destroyed ? Is the heart within thee of iron ? 
Rise now and take thy seat. For some brief time let oblivion 
Cover our griefs and a respite afford, be they never so bitter. 



Book XXIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 541 

Little avails to chill the heart with woe and complaining. 
Such is the fate of man. By the Gods above is he destined 
Ever in sorrow to live, while themselves from care are exempted. 
Fast by the threshold of Zeus two urns are ever established, 
Evil gifts from one he bestows, and good from the other. 
Who by the Thunderer's hand is supplied from both, in his fortunes 
Good comes mingled with ill: now joys, now sorrows await him. (530) 
Who from the evil alone his cup must fill, for misfortune 
Stands forth a mark. Destruction hunts him down to devour him: 
Through the fair earth he wanders, by Gods rejected and mortals. 
Thus upon Peleus ev'n from his birth were show'red by th' immortals 
Blessings beyond the common lot. With pow'r and with riches 
Gifted, over the Myrmidon race they gave him dominion, 
And to a mortal prince an immortal bride was united; 
Yet was his happiness dashed in this, that sons were denied him, 
Sons to succeed to their father's throne, and rule in his palace. 
One he begat — myself: short-liv'd, nor doomed to survive him; (540) 
Nor am I nigh, to sustain his age ; but, far from my country, 
Linger at Troy, to thee and thy race a scourge and affliction. 
Thou too wert blest, so fame reports, with extended dominion. 
All fair Lesbos and Makar's seats embrace to the northward, 
Southward to Phrygia's utmost bounds, to the Hellespont westward, 
Wealth, and a noble array of sons by the Gods were accorded : 
But since the dwellers in heav'n these dire afflictions have sent thee, 
Bloodshed and war unceasing thy city's walls have surrounded. 
Therefore endure, nor ceaseless thus let sorrow consume thee : 
Nought can avail this bitter regret for thy son. Thou canst never 
Back recall him to life, nor escape such woes as await thee." (551) 

Ended Advilles ; and thus the godlike Priam responded : 
"Bid me not, favoured of Heav'n, arise ; so long as my Hector 
Lies in thy tent unransomed. O grant these eyes to behold him, 
Once more my own. Accept those costly gifts that I bring thee, 
Price of his Imfd remains. Thy gains enjoy, and departing, 
Hence to thy home return ; and complete the grace thou hast shewn me, 
Sending me forth, to behold the light of day, from thy presence." 

Then with a gathering frown thus spake swift-footed Achilles : 



542 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXIV. 

"Anger me not, old man! } Tis not for the sake of thy ransom — 
'Tis to the ancient seagod's daughter, the mother that bore me, (561) 
Bearing the orders of Zeus himself, that I yield up thy Hector. 
This is hem? lis acl. For, Priam, I know, and thou canst not conceal it, 
One of the Gods must have brought thee safe to the ships of the Gre- 
cians. 
None would have dared — no mortal man, in youth and in vigour, 
Could have succeeded in ent'ring our camp and eluding our 

outposts ; 
Nor could a mortal axm,from without, my gates have unfastened. 
Therefore, old man ! beware, lest thou change my pity to anger j 
Lest, though a suppliant here in my tent, I fail to respect thee ; 
Lest, in despite of Zeus' commands, I do thee a mischief." (57°) 

Thus he spake : and the old man feared, and rose at his bidding. 
Forth from the door of his tent then rushed like a lion Achilles : 
Rushed not alone : for both his attendants followed his footsteps, 
Alcimus brave and heroic Automedon; chiefs whom Peleides 
Highest esteemed of all his host since the death of Patroclus. 
These from the chariot and wain the mules and horses unharnessed, 
And from without to the tent the clear-voiced herald conducted, 
Seating him there on a bench. Then next from the wain they 

unloaded 
All those costly gifts prepared for the ransom of Hector. 
Only to cover the corpse two tunics they left and a mantle, (580) 

So that in comely guise enwrapped, to Troy they might bear it. 
Then from within two maids they called to wash and anoint it, 
Keeping it out of Priam's sight: lest haply, beholding, 
All overcome with grief, his wrath he might vent, and Achilles, 
Chafed into rage by his passionate words and bitter reproaches, 
Reckless, might violate Heav'n's command, and ruthlessly slay him. 
Now when the maids the corse had washed and with oil had 
anointed, 
Folded a tunic round, and covered it up with the mantle, 
Placed on a bier, Achilles himself assisted to bear it, (589) 

And with his comrades twain to the car conveyed, and arranged it. 
Then did he groan in his heart and invoke the shade of Patroclus : 



Book XIV.] THE ILTAD OF HOMER. 543 

"Be not indignant, Patroclus dear! if ever in Hades 
This thou shouldst haply learn, that Hector back to his father 
Thus I have yielded. Rich was his ransom — worthy a monarch: 
And thou shalt have thy share for an orT'ring, such as is fitting." 

Thus having said, to his tent returned the godlike Achilles, 
Seated himself once more on the couch from whence he had risen, 
Opposite Priam, against the wall: and thus he addressed him: 
"Priam, thy son is restored. I have yielded him up at thy asking. (599) 
There on the wain he lies. With the first appearance of daybreak 
Shalt thou behold and bear him away. Now need'st thou refreshment. 
Niobe's self refused not food, though twelve of her children 
Lay in her palace slain: six daughters fair, in the earliest 
Bloom of their youth; six noble sons, just rip'ning to manhood; 
These by Apollo slain with his silver bow, in his anger 
Kindled against her; those by the deadly shafts of his sister: 
For that she dared in her pride to vie with beauteous Leto. 
'Leto (she said) had two fair children: twelve were her treasures? . 
Two as they were, they sufficed to destroy the whole of her offspring. (609) 
Nine whole days in their blood they welfring lay. To inter them 
None could be found: for Kronion had turned their nation to marble. 
So on the tenth the Gods themselves took charge of their burial. 
Then she arose, brake bread and drank, exhausted by weeping. 
And to this day, among Sipylus' rocks and desolate mountains, 
Where, as they say, the nymphs repose wheji wea?"ied with dancing 
Pound Acheloiis' fount, may she yet be seen, and in marble 
Seems as if brooding still o'er the woes thus sent her from Heaven. 
Up then ! divine old man ! Let us now prepare for refreshment, 
Needful to all. When, to-morrow, thou bear'st thy son into Ilion, 
Weep as thou wilt. Good cause for tears, I ween, has he giv'n thee." 

Thus having said, he quitted the tent, and a sheep having chosen, (62 1) 
Slew it. His comrades the carcase flayed, and skilfully dressed it, 
Then into steaks with ready sleight divided and spitted, 
Roasted the flesh with care, and withdrew, when cooked, from the 

broaches. 
Bread by Automedon next was brought, in delicate baskets, 
And on the table laid, and the meat Achilles divided. 



544 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIV. 



Each then stretched forth his hand and partook the viands before him. 

Now when at length the pangs of hunger and thirst were abated, 
Gazed on Achilles' lofty form Dardanian Priam, 
Struck with amaze at his godlike mien and imperial bearing. (630) 
Nor did Achilles less admire Dardanian Priam, 
Touched by his looks, so mild, and good, and his courteous 

expressions. 
Long on each other their eyes they fixed, till, satiate with gazing, 
Thus broke silence at last, and spake illustrious Priam: 

"Send me now quickly to rest, O heav'n-born prince, that reposing, 
Both may recruit our strength and partake the blessings of slumber. 
For, from the day my son by thy hand was slain, to my eyelids 
Sleep hath been strange, nor hath yet vouchsafed its gentle refresh- 
ment. 
Nought have I done but groan and lament in the courts of my 
palace, (639) 

Prostrate in all the abasement of woe, and rolled on the pavement. 
Now hast thou led me to break my fast, and now for the first time, 
Shunned and rejected before, the dark red wine have I tasted." 
Thus he spake : and his servants and maids Achilles commanded 
Couches to place beneath the porch and with matting to spread them, 
Purple-woven, and coverlids rich with tapestry broidered: 
Placing, for warmth, over all the rest thick mantlets of woollen. 
Forth from the hall with torches they went, and under the portal 
Brought forth in haste and prepared two beds, for the king and his 

herald. 
Then, as in sportive mood, thus spake swift-footed Achilles : 
"There, my good father! take thy rest, lest some of the Argives (650) 
Hither resorting, counsel to hold (for such is their custom — 
Often they come to consult me here, and ask my opinion) — 
Here in the night arriving, perchance, should come to behold thee. 
Straightway this to Atreides, the shepherd and guide of his people, 
Would they report, which would cause delay, and imperil the ransom. 
Tell me, I pray thee now, and be sure thou tell me exactly, 
How many days thou need'st to perform the fan'ral of Hector, 
So long, nor will I stir myself, nor suffer the army." 



Book XXIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 545 

Thus he spake, and thus the godlike Priam responded : 
" Great were indeed the boon, and great the relief to my feelings, 
Would'st thou indeed consent to a fun'ral worthy of Hector. (661) 
Well thou knowest, O prince, how close we are hemmed in the city : 
Far to seek is the wood, in the mountain clefts ; and the people 
Dread to go forth. Nine days at least must we give to our sorrows, 
But on the tenth the pyre shall blaze and the people be feasted ; 
On the eleventh day shall a mound be raised der his ashes, 
And on the twelfth, if indeed it must, renewed be our warfare." 

Mighty Achilles, swift in pursuit, returned him for answer : 
" What thou demandest, rev'rend sire, I readily grant thee : (669) 
Even so long as thou say'st shall the war be stayed, at my bidding." 
Ended Achilles thus, and the right hand grasped of the old man, 
Clasping him round the wrist, to remove all fear from his bosom. 

Thus in the porch of the tent reposed the king and the herald, 
Musing der the events of the day, till sleep overcame them. 
Far in its inmost recess Achilles lay, and beside him 
Slept once more the belov'd of his heart, the lovely Briseis. 

All the rest of the gods and the crested chiefs of the armies 
Lay subdued through the night by the soothing pressure of slumber. 
Hermes alone, benignant pow'r, the influence of slumber (679) 
Felt not. His thoughts revolved how best the unfortunate monarch 
Forth from the Grecian camp he might lead, eluding the warders. 
Over his head, as he slept, he stood, and thus he addressed him : 
" Little thou reck'st, old man, of impending ills, who canst slumber 
Here in the midst of foes, albeit Achilles hath spared thee. 
Yet, though thy much-loved son at a mighty cost thou hast ransomed, 
Thrice that ransom — four times as much for thy life would be offered 
By the surviving sons thou hast left in Troy, should Atreides 
Hear of thy whereabout, and the Greeks be aware of thy presence." 
Thus he spake, and the old man feared, and awakened the herald. 
Hermes yoked to the wain and car the mules and the horses ; (690) 
Mounted, and drove them off, while none perceived their departure. 
But when at length the banks they reached of the wide-flowing river, 
Eddying Xanthus, sprung from immortal Zeus, to Olympus 
Hermes returned, and left them to make their way to the city. 



35 



546 THE ILIAD OF HOMER. [Book XXIV. 

Now on the earth had the dawn appeared, in mantle of saffron : 
Priam with many a tear and groan his steeds to the city 
Urged, and the mules with the corse came slow behind : nor were any 
In its wide precincts, matrons or men, aware of his coming. 
Only Cassandra, his daughter fair, like bright Aphrodite, (699) 
Early had mounted the topmost tow'r, and thence she beheld him 
Standing erect; and driving the car, and behind it the herald. 
Hector she saw, outstretched on the bier where Achilles had laid him. 
Loud she shrieked at the sight, and her cries rang out through the city : 
" Trojans and matrons of Troy ! go forth and welcome your Hector 
Dead: if e'er ye rejoiced when alive he returned from the battle 
Viclor, the joy and delight of all your city and nation." 
Thus when she cried, nor man nor woman remained in the city : 
Grief insupportable drove them forth. In a frenzy of sorrow 
Out at the Scczan gate they rushed: there met the procession 
Entering. First his wife and mother revered on the mule wain (710) 
Flung themselves, tearing their hair, on the sacred head of their 

lov'd one 
Laying their hands; while the pitying crowd stood weeping around 

them. 
Thus through the live-long day had they blocked the gate until sunset, 
Crowding around the wain, and weeping and calling on Hector, 
But from the lofty car where he stood thus Priam addressed them : 
" Let me pass with the mules. When once arrived at the palace, 
Time will there be to take your fill of sorrow and weeping." 
Thus he spake : then parting, the crowd made way for the chariot. 
Soon as they reached the royal dome, the corse they dis7nounted, 
Laid it aloft on a bed of state, and singers around it (7 2 °) 

Placed, who the dirges led; and mournful they rose through the cham- 
ber 
Solemn and sad; and with loud laments the women responded. 
Foremost of all Andromache fair 'gave vent to her anguish, 
Flung round his neck her snowy arms, and thus she lamented : 
" And art thou gone, my husband ! so young ! and hast left me 

a widow 
Here in these desolate halls, and the infant son that thou gav'st me, 



Book XXIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 547 

Pledge of our mutual love unblest ? — Ah ! ne'er shall I see him, 
Blooming in youthful pride. Long, long before will our city 
Sink, overwhelmed, since thou art lost, its protector, its saviour : — 
Thou who alone its walls, its wives, its children defended, (730) 
All now doomed to be swept away in the ships of the Grecians : 
I with the rest. And thou, my child ! or, torn with thy mother 
Hence, must wear out thy days in degrading toil ; for a master 
Savage, unpitying spending thy strength ; or, one of the Argives, 
Seizing thy tender frame, shall dash thee down from the rampart; 
Thus, by thy horrid death avenging the loss of a brother, 
Father, or son, by Hector slain: for many a Grecian, 
Biting the ground with his teeth hath fall'n to the hands of 

thy father; 
Nor was he mild to his country's foes, nor sparing in battle. 
Hence these unceasing cries of woe that ring through the city. 
Grief, unspeakable grief, thy death hath caused to thy parents. (741) 
Grief on myself hast thou brought, more deep, more sad, more 

enduring, 
Nor from thy couch didst thou stretch thy dying hand to thy consort, 
Nor didst thou speak one last farewell, one word, which for ever, 
Night and day, in the depths of my heart engraved, I might treasure." 

Thus she spake, and with groans and tears replied her attendants. 
Hecuba next took up the strain, and thus she lamented : 
" Hector ! dear to my heart beyond all the rest of my children, 
Dear to the Gods as well while numbered yet with the living, 
Dear in thy death, for o'er thee dead their care hath extended. 
All the rest of my sons did fierce-pursuing Achilles (75 1) 

Capture and sell to bondage afar, to Samos and Imbros, 
Over the desolate sea, and to rude and harbourless Lemnos. 
Thee hath he slain with that dreadful spear ; nor, content with thy 

murder, 
Cruel I how oft hath he dragged thee around the tomb of Patroclus, 
— (Him whom thou bravely slew'st) — with fruitless and impotent 

outrage ! 
Now before me thou liest in thy father's halls — in thy beauty, 
Fresh as the morning dew; like one whom benignant Apollo, 



54 8 



THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



[Book XXIV. 



Lord of the silver bow, hath gently removed from existence." 

Thus she spake, and all broke forth in loud lamentations. (760) 
Helena, third, approached the bier and poured forth her sorrows : 
" Hector ! of all my husband's brothers the best and the dearest, 
Since Alexandros I own for my spouse, who first from my country 
Brought me hither to Troy — Oh ! would that instead I had 

perished ! 
Now is the twentieth year since, quitting my home and my nation, 
Hither I came, forsaking my friends, my child, and my duties. 
Yet did I never from thee a reproachful word, or ungentle, 
Hear; and if ever beneath- this roof thy brethren or sisters 
Grieved me with taunts, or thy brothers' wives in their rich-flowing 

mantles, 
Aye, or thy mother (for Priam was always kind, like a father), (770) 
Still thou hadst ever thy word to interpose in my favour, 
Soft'ning their hearts by thy gentle speech and kindly demeanour. 
Weeping for thee, my own sad lot I weep : for in future, 
In the wide precincls of Troy shall I find no friend who with kind- 
ness 
E'er will uphold my cause, where all despise and abhor me." 
Weeping she spake, and the pitying crowd took part in her sorrows. 

Now to his people the monarch spake, and thus he addressed them : 
"Trojans! go forth to the forests and bring much wood to the city. 
Fear not the Greeks, nor an ambush dread ; for this was the promise, 
Giv'n by Achilles himself, the sable ships when I quitted, (780) 
That till the twelfth returning morn no Greek shall molest you." 
Thus he spake. Then oxen and mules were brought, and to 
waggons 
Yoked, and in long array before the city assembled. 
Nine days toiled they, and wood in enormous piles they collected ; 
But when the tenth its orient beams diffused among mortals, 
Weeping, the mighty Hector's corse they brought from the city, 
Laid it aloft on the pile — then fire applied, and consumed it. 

Now when the rosy-fingered Eos, mother of morning, 
Shone forth afresh, once more round the pyre collected the Trojans, 
Thronging around the spot where lay the bones of their hero. (19°) 



Book XXIV.] THE ILIAD OF HOMER. 



549 



First with the dark-red wine they quenched the smouldering embers, 
Copiously poured where lingered aflickeri?ig flame. From the ashes 
Then collected his whitened bones his friends and his brethren. 
Tenderly weeping they plied their mournful task ; and when gathered, 
Placed them with care in a box of gold, and softly enfolding, 
Wrapped it around from sight in a gorgeous mantling of purple. 
Dug then a grave, and deep in the earth's dark bosom they laid it, 
Cov'ring it thick with blocks of stone high piled up above it; 
Over them all in haste a mound they heaped ; for precaution, 
Stationing scouts and guards, should the Greeks come forth to 

attack them. (800) 

All performed, and the mound complete, they returned to the 

city, 
And in the spacious halls of the regal palace of Priam 
All were received, and partook of a rich funereal banquet. 
Such were the funeral rites of the car-borne warrior Hector. 



THE END. 



RINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M. A. 
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 



LR 'H 












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